Draft Workbench/zh-cn: Difference between revisions

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== Introduction ==
== Introduction ==


<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
== 简介 ==
== 简介 ==
您可以利用底图工作台来绘制简单的2D对象,再利用其提供的其他工具来修改这些对象。此工作台提供了工具来定义工作平面、网格。另外,还有一个snapping系统可助您精确地控制几何体的位置。
您可以利用底图工作台来绘制简单的2D对象,再利用其提供的其他工具来修改这些对象。此工作台提供了工具来定义工作平面、网格。另外,还有一个snapping系统可助您精确地控制几何体的位置。
</div>


用户创建的2D对象能以类似于Inkscape或Autocad中的方式用于通用绘图。这些2D图形也可用作[[Part Workbench|零件工作台]]与[[Arch Workbench|建筑工作台]]等其他工作台所创3D对象的基本组件。另外,也可以将底图对象转换至[[Sketcher Workbench|构图工作台]],这意味着能够在[[PartDesign Workbench|零件设计工作台]]中利用这些图形来创建实体。
用户创建的2D对象能以类似于Inkscape或Autocad中的方式用于通用绘图。这些2D图形也可用作[[Part Workbench|零件工作台]]与[[Arch Workbench|建筑工作台]]等其他工作台所创3D对象的基本组件。另外,也可以将底图对象转换至[[Sketcher Workbench|构图工作台]],这意味着能够在[[PartDesign Workbench|零件设计工作台]]中利用这些图形来创建实体。
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下面来介绍一些用于创建对象的工具。
下面来介绍一些用于创建对象的工具。


<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
* [[Image:Draft_Line.svg|32px]] [[Draft_Line|线段(Line)]]: 绘制两点间的线段。
* [[Image:Draft_Line.svg|32px]] [[Draft_Line|线段(Line)]]: 绘制两点间的线段。
* [[Image:Draft_Wire.svg|32px]] [[Draft_Wire|连线(Wire)]]: 绘制一条由多条线段构成的折线(polyline)。
* [[Image:Draft_Wire.svg|32px]] [[Draft_Wire|连线(Wire)]]: 绘制一条由多条线段构成的折线(polyline)。
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* [[Image:Draft_CubicBezCurve.svg|32px]] [[Draft_CubicBezCurve|三次贝塞尔曲线(Cubic Bezier Curve)]]: 通过拖动两个点来绘制一条三次贝塞尔曲线。{{Version|0.19}}
* [[Image:Draft_CubicBezCurve.svg|32px]] [[Draft_CubicBezCurve|三次贝塞尔曲线(Cubic Bezier Curve)]]: 通过拖动两个点来绘制一条三次贝塞尔曲线。{{Version|0.19}}
* [[Image:Draft_Label.svg|32px]] [[Draft_Label|标签(Label)]]: 设置一个箭头指向选定元素的标签。 {{Version|0.17}}
* [[Image:Draft_Label.svg|32px]] [[Draft_Label|标签(Label)]]: 设置一个箭头指向选定元素的标签。 {{Version|0.17}}
</div>


== Annotation objects ==
== Annotation objects ==
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以下这些工具用来修改已存在的对象。这写工具处理的是用户选定的对象,如果没有选择待处理对象,系统会提醒你选择一个。
以下这些工具用来修改已存在的对象。这写工具处理的是用户选定的对象,如果没有选择待处理对象,系统会提醒你选择一个。


<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
许多工具(移动, 旋转, 阵列等)也可用于处理实体对象([[Part Workbench|零件]], [[PartDesign Workbench|零件设计]], [[Arch Workbench|建筑]]等)。
许多工具(移动, 旋转, 阵列等)也可用于处理实体对象([[Part Workbench|零件]], [[PartDesign Workbench|零件设计]], [[Arch Workbench|建筑]]等)。
</div>


<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
* [[Image:Draft_Move.svg|32px]] [[Draft_Move|移动(Move)]]: 将对象移动到另一个地方。
* [[Image:Draft_Move.svg|32px]] [[Draft_Move|移动(Move)]]: 将对象移动到另一个地方。
* [[Image:Draft_Rotate.svg|32px]] [[Draft_Rotate|旋转(Rotate)]]: 将对象从起始角度旋转到结束角度。
* [[Image:Draft_Rotate.svg|32px]] [[Draft_Rotate|旋转(Rotate)]]: 将对象从起始角度旋转到结束角度。
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* [[Image:Draft_Mirror.svg|32px]] [[Draft_Mirror|镜像(Mirror)]]: 对选定的对象进行镜像操作。
* [[Image:Draft_Mirror.svg|32px]] [[Draft_Mirror|镜像(Mirror)]]: 对选定的对象进行镜像操作。
* [[Image:Draft_Stretch.svg|32px]] [[Draft_Stretch|拉伸(Stretch)]]: 拉伸选定的对象。{{Version|0.17}}
* [[Image:Draft_Stretch.svg|32px]] [[Draft_Stretch|拉伸(Stretch)]]: 拉伸选定的对象。{{Version|0.17}}
</div>


* [[Image:Draft_Clone.svg|32px]] [[Draft_Clone|Clone]]: clones the selected objects.
* [[Image:Draft_Clone.svg|32px]] [[Draft_Clone|Clone]]: clones the selected objects.
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* [[Image:Draft_ToggleGrid.svg|32px]] [[Draft_ToggleGrid|Toggle grid]]: toggles the visibility of the grid on or off.
* [[Image:Draft_ToggleGrid.svg|32px]] [[Draft_ToggleGrid|Toggle grid]]: toggles the visibility of the grid on or off.


<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
== 实用工具 ==
== 实用工具 ==
</div>


* [[Image:Draft_Layer.svg|32px]] [[Draft_Layer|Layer]]: creates a Layer in the current document, to which objects can be added to control object visibility and color. It replaces Draft VisGroup. {{Version|0.19}}
* [[Image:Draft_Layer.svg|32px]] [[Draft_Layer|Layer]]: creates a Layer in the current document, to which objects can be added to control object visibility and color. It replaces Draft VisGroup. {{Version|0.19}}
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== Additional tools ==
== Additional tools ==


<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
其他工具可从{{MenuCommand|Draft → Utilities}}菜单处找到。或者右击当前的环境菜单(context menu),具体可用工具取决于当前所选对象。
其他工具可从{{MenuCommand|Draft → Utilities}}菜单处找到。或者右击当前的环境菜单(context menu),具体可用工具取决于当前所选对象。
</div>


* [[Image:Draft_ToggleContinueMode.svg|32px]] [[Draft_ToggleContinueMode|Toggle continue mode]]: toggles the Draft continue mode on or off.
* [[Image:Draft_ToggleContinueMode.svg|32px]] [[Draft_ToggleContinueMode|Toggle continue mode]]: toggles the Draft continue mode on or off.
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== 其他功能 ==
== 其他功能 ==


<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
* [[Draft Coordinates|底图坐标(Coordinates)]]: 利用输入坐标的方式取代点击3D视图来定义一个新的点。
* [[Draft Coordinates|底图坐标(Coordinates)]]: 利用输入坐标的方式取代点击3D视图来定义一个新的点。
* [[Draft Constrain|底图约束(Constraining)]]: 限制鼠标指针在相对于前一个点的水平方向或垂直方向上移动。
* [[Draft Constrain|底图约束(Constraining)]]: 限制鼠标指针在相对于前一个点的水平方向或垂直方向上移动。
* [[Draft Snap|底图捕捉(Snapping)]]: 将新添加的点定位于已存在对象上的特定位置或网格上。
* [[Draft Snap|底图捕捉(Snapping)]]: 将新添加的点定位于已存在对象上的特定位置或网格上。
</div>


== Tree view context menu ==
== Tree view context menu ==
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== 文件格式 ==
== 文件格式 ==


<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
底图模块为FreeCAD提供了下列格式文件的导出、导出服务:
底图模块为FreeCAD提供了下列格式文件的导出、导出服务:
</div>


<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
* [[Draft_DXF|Autodesk .DXF]]: 导入或导出由2D CAD应用程序创建的[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AutoCAD_DXF 图形交换文件]。参见[[FreeCAD_and_DXF_Import|FreeCAD and DXF Import]]。
* [[Draft_DXF|Autodesk .DXF]]: 导入或导出由2D CAD应用程序创建的[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AutoCAD_DXF 图形交换文件]。参见[[FreeCAD_and_DXF_Import|FreeCAD and DXF Import]]。
* [[Draft_DXF|Autodesk .DWG]]: 在[[Extra python modules#ODA Converter (previously Teigha Converter)|ODA转换器]]安装完成后,通过DXF导入工具导入或导出DWG文件。参见[[FreeCAD_and_DWG_Import|FreeCAD and DWG Import]]。
* [[Draft_DXF|Autodesk .DWG]]: 在[[Extra python modules#ODA Converter (previously Teigha Converter)|ODA转换器]]安装完成后,通过DXF导入工具导入或导出DWG文件。参见[[FreeCAD_and_DWG_Import|FreeCAD and DWG Import]]。
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* [[Draft_OCA|Open Cad format .OCA]]: 导入或导出OCA/GCAD文件,这是一种潜在的新式[http://groups.google.com/group/open_cad_format 开放CAD文件格式]。
* [[Draft_OCA|Open Cad format .OCA]]: 导入或导出OCA/GCAD文件,这是一种潜在的新式[http://groups.google.com/group/open_cad_format 开放CAD文件格式]。
* [[Draft_DAT|Airfoil Data Format .DAT]]: 导入DAT文件,此格式详情可参见[http://www.ae.illinois.edu/m-selig/ads/coord_database.html Airfoil profiles]。
* [[Draft_DAT|Airfoil Data Format .DAT]]: 导入DAT文件,此格式详情可参见[http://www.ae.illinois.edu/m-selig/ads/coord_database.html Airfoil profiles]。
</div>


===Install importers===
===Install importers===
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{{Caption|Test objects for the [[Draft_Workbench|Draft Workbench]].}}
{{Caption|Test objects for the [[Draft_Workbench|Draft Workbench]].}}


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== 有关教程 ==
== 有关教程 ==
* [[Draft_tutorial|底图教程]]
* [[Draft_tutorial|底图教程]]
* [[Draft_tutorial_Outdated|底图教程(过期)]]
* [[Draft_tutorial_Outdated|底图教程(过期)]]
* [[Draft_ShapeString_tutorial|底图ShapeString教程]]
* [[Draft_ShapeString_tutorial|底图ShapeString教程]]
</div>


{{Docnav
{{Docnav

Revision as of 22:23, 24 August 2021

This documentation is a work in progress. Please don't mark it as translatable since it will change in the next hours and days.
Draft workbench icon

Introduction

简介

您可以利用底图工作台来绘制简单的2D对象,再利用其提供的其他工具来修改这些对象。此工作台提供了工具来定义工作平面、网格。另外,还有一个snapping系统可助您精确地控制几何体的位置。

用户创建的2D对象能以类似于Inkscape或Autocad中的方式用于通用绘图。这些2D图形也可用作零件工作台建筑工作台等其他工作台所创3D对象的基本组件。另外,也可以将底图对象转换至构图工作台,这意味着能够在零件设计工作台中利用这些图形来创建实体。

FreeCAD是一款以3D建模为主的应用软件,这使它的2D工具并非如其他绘图程序那样高级。如果您的主要目的是复杂的2D绘图与处理DXF文件,并不是3D建模,那么不妨考虑一款关于技术制图的专用软件,例如LibreCAD, QCad, TurboCad以及其他类似程序。

Draft Workbench Example

绘制对象

下面来介绍一些用于创建对象的工具。

Annotation objects

修改对象

以下这些工具用来修改已存在的对象。这写工具处理的是用户选定的对象,如果没有选择待处理对象,系统会提醒你选择一个。

许多工具(移动, 旋转, 阵列等)也可用于处理实体对象(零件, 零件设计, 建筑等)。

  • Join: joins lines together into a single wire.
  • Split: splits a wire into two at a point.
  • Upgrade: upgrades objects into a higher-level object.
  • Downgrade: downgrades objects into lower-level objects.
  • Shape 2D View: creates a 2D object which is a flattened 2D view of a 3D object.

Draft Tray

The Draft Tray allows selecting the working plane, defining style settings, toggling construction mode, and specifying the active layer or group.

Its tools are also available in the Draft → Utilities menu:

Draft annotation scale widget

With the Draft annotation scale widget the Draft annotation scale can be specified. introduced in version 0.19

Draft snap widget

The Draft snap widget can be used as an alternative for the Draft Snap toolbar. introduced in version 0.19

Draft Snap toolbar

The Draft Snap toolbar allows selecting the active snap options. The buttons belonging to active options stay depressed. For general information about snapping see: Draft Snap.

  • Toggle snap: toggles object snapping globally on or off.
  • Endpoint: snaps to the endpoints of line, arc and spline segments.
  • Midpoint: snaps to the middle point of line and arc segments.
  • Center: snaps to the center point of circles, arcs and faces, WP proxies and Building parts
  • Angle: snaps to the special cardinal points of circles and arcs, at 45° and 90°.
  • Intersection: snaps to the intersection of two line or arc segments. Hover the mouse over the two desired objects to activate their intersection snaps.
  • Perpendicular: on line and arc segments, snaps perpendicularly to the latest point.
  • Extension: snaps on an imaginary line that extends beyond the endpoints of line segments. Hover the mouse over the desired object to activate its extension snap.
  • Parallel: snaps on an imaginary line parallel to a line segment. Hover the mouse over the desired object to activate its parallel snap.
  • Special: snaps on special points defined by the object.
  • Near: snaps to the closest point or edge on the nearest object.
  • Ortho: snaps on imaginary lines that cross the last point, and extend at 0°, 45° and 90°.
  • Grid: snaps to the intersections of the grid lines, if the grid is visible.
  • Working plane: always places the snapped point on the current working plane, even if you snap to a point outside that working plane.
  • Dimensions: shows temporary X and Y dimensions while snapping.
  • Toggle grid: toggles the visibility of the grid on or off.

实用工具

Additional tools

其他工具可从Draft → Utilities菜单处找到。或者右击当前的环境菜单(context menu),具体可用工具取决于当前所选对象。

其他功能

Tree view context menu

The following additional options are available in the Tree view context menu:

Selection options

If there is a selection the context menu contains one additional sub-menu:

  • Utilities: a subset of the tools available in the main Draft Utilities menu.

Wire options

For a Draft Wire, Draft BSpline, Draft CubicBezCurve and Draft BezCurve this additional option is available:

  • Flatten this wire: flattens the wire based on its internal geometry. This option currently does not work properly.

Layer container options

For a Draft LayerContainer these additional options are available:

  • Merge layer duplicates: this option currently does not work.

Layer options

For a Draft Layer these additional options are available:

Working plane proxy options

For a Draft WorkingPlaneProxy these additional options are available:

  • Write objects state: updates the visibility state of objects stored in the working plane proxy.

3D view context menu

The following additional options are available in the 3D view context menu:

No-selection options

If there is no selection the context menu contains one additional sub-menu:

  • Utilities: a subset of the tools available in the main Draft Utilities menu.

Selection options

If there is a selection the context menu contains two additional sub-menus:

Obsolete tools

These commands are obsolete but still available:

These 3D view context menu options are still available when the Draft Wire, Draft BSpline, Draft CubicBezCurve or Draft BezCurve command is active but will be removed in the near future:

首选项

文件格式

底图模块为FreeCAD提供了下列格式文件的导出、导出服务:

Install importers

Unit tests

See also: Test Workbench.

To run the unit tests of the workbench execute the following from the operating system terminal.

freecad -t TestDraft

脚本

借助Draft API即可在Python控制台中使用各种底图工具。

The workbench includes a module to create samples of all objects in a new document. introduced in version 0.19

Use this to test that all objects are produced correctly.

import drafttests.draft_test_objects as dto
doc = dto.create_test_file()

Inspecting the code of this module is useful to understand how to use the programming interface.

$INSTALLDIR/Mod/Draft/drafttests/draft_test_objects.py

Where $INSTALLDIR is the toplevel directory where the software was installed; for example, in Linux it may be /usr/share/freecad.

Test objects for the Draft Workbench.

有关教程