底图模块

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This page is a translated version of the page Draft Workbench and the translation is 4% complete.
Outdated translations are marked like this.
Draft workbench icon

Introduction

简介

您可以利用底图工作台来绘制简单的2D对象,再利用其提供的其他工具来修改这些对象。此工作台提供了工具来定义工作平面、网格。另外,还有一个snapping系统可助您精确地控制几何体的位置。

用户创建的2D对象能以类似于Inkscape或Autocad中的方式用于通用绘图。这些2D图形也可用作零件工作台建筑工作台等其他工作台所创3D对象的基本组件。另外,也可以将底图对象转换至构图工作台,这意味着能够在零件设计工作台中利用这些图形来创建实体。

The Draft Workbench also provides tools to define a working plane, a grid, and a snapping system to precisely control the position of geometry.

FreeCAD是一款以3D建模为主的应用软件,这使它的2D工具并非如其他绘图程序那样高级。如果您的主要目的是复杂的2D绘图与处理DXF文件,并不是3D建模,那么不妨考虑一款关于技术制图的专用软件,例如LibreCAD, QCad, TurboCad以及其他类似程序。

Draft Workbench Example.png

The image shows the grid aligned with the XY plane.
On the left, in white, several planar objects.
On the right a non-planar Draft Wire used as the Path Object of a Draft PathArray.

Drafting

  • Draft Line.svg Line: creates a straight line.
  • Draft Wire.svg Polyline: creates a polyline (also called wire), a sequence of several connected line segments.
  • Draft Fillet.svg Fillet: creates a fillet, a rounded corner, or a chamfer, a straight edge, between two Draft Lines.
  • Draft Arc.svgToolbar flyout arrow blue background.svg Arc tools:
  • Draft Arc.svg Arc: creates a circular arc from a center, a radius, a start angle and an aperture angle.
  • Draft Arc 3Points.svg Arc by 3 points: creates a circular arc from three points that define its circumference.
  • Draft Circle.svg Circle: creates a circle from a center and a radius.
  • Draft Ellipse.svg Ellipse: creates an ellipse from two points defining a rectangle in which the ellipse will fit.
  • Draft Rectangle.svg Rectangle: creates a rectangle from two points.
  • Draft Polygon.svg Polygon: creates a regular polygon from a center and a radius.
  • Draft BSpline.svg B-spline: creates a B-spline curve from several points.
  • Draft CubicBezCurve.svgToolbar flyout arrow blue background.svg Bézier tools:
  • Draft Point.svg Point: creates a simple point.
  • Draft Facebinder.svg Facebinder: creates a surface object from selected faces.
  • Draft ShapeString.svg ShapeString: creates a compound shape that represents a text string.

Annotation

  • Draft Text.svg Text: creates a multi-line text at a given point.
  • Draft Dimension.svg Dimension: creates a linear dimension, a radial dimension or an angular dimension.
  • Draft Label.svg Label: creates a multi-line text with a 2-segment leader line and an arrow.
  • Draft AnnotationStyleEditor.svg Annotation styles...: allows you to define styles that affect the visual properties of annotation-like objects.

Modification

  • Draft Move.svg Move: moves or copies selected objects from one point to another.
  • Draft Rotate.svg Rotate: rotates or copies selected objects around a center point by a given angle.
  • Draft Scale.svg Scale: scales or copies selected objects around a base point.
  • Draft Mirror.svg Mirror: creates mirrored copies from selected objects.
  • Draft Offset.svg Offset: offsets each segment of a selected object over a given distance, or creates an offset copy of the selected object.
  • Draft Trimex.svg Trimex: trims or extends a selected object.
  • Draft Stretch.svg Stretch: stretches objects by moving selected points.
  • Draft Clone.svg Clone: creates linked copies, clones, of selected objects.
  • Draft OrthoArray.svgToolbar flyout arrow blue background.svg Array tools:
  • Draft OrthoArray.svg Array: creates an orthogonal array from a selected object. It can optionally create a Link array.
  • Draft PolarArray.svg Polar array: creates an array from a selected object by placing copies along a circumference. It can optionally create a Link array.
  • Draft CircularArray.svg Circular array: creates an array from a selected object by placing copies along concentric circumferences. It can optionally create a Link array.
  • Draft PathArray.svg Path array: creates an array from a selected object by placing copies along a path.
  • Draft PointArray.svg Point Array: creates an array from a selected object by placing copies at the points from a point compound.
  • Draft Edit.svg Edit: puts selected objects in Draft Edit mode. In this mode the properties of objects can be edited graphically.
  • Draft SubelementHighlight.svg Subelement highlight: temporarily highlights selected objects, or the base objects of selected objects.
  • Draft Upgrade.svg Upgrade: upgrades selected objects.

Draft Tray

The Draft Tray allows selecting the working plane, defining style settings, toggling construction mode, and specifying the active layer or group.

Draft tray default.png

  • Draft tray button plane.png Select Plane: selects the current Draft working plane. Also available in the menu: Draft → Utilities → Draft SelectPlane.svg Select Plane.
  • Draft tray button style.png Set style: sets the default style for new objects. Also available in the menu: Draft → Utilities → Draft SetStyle.svg Set style.
  • Draft tray button construction.png Toggle construction mode: switches Draft construction mode on or off. Also available in the menu: Draft → Utilities → Draft ToggleConstructionMode.svg Toggle construction mode.

Draft annotation scale widget

With the Draft annotation scale widget the Draft annotation scale can be specified.

Draft annotation scale widget button.png

Draft snap widget

The Draft snap widget can be used as an alternative for the Draft snap toolbar.

Draft snap widget button.png

Draft snap toolbar

The Draft snap toolbar allows selecting the active snap options. The buttons belonging to active options stay depressed. For general information about snapping see: Draft Snap.

  • Draft Snap Lock.svg Snap Lock: enables or disables snapping globally.
  • Draft Snap Angle.svg Snap Angle: snaps to the special cardinal points on circular edges, at multiples of 30° and 45°.
  • Draft Snap Extension.svg Snap Extension: snaps to an imaginary line that extends beyond the endpoints of straight edges.
  • Draft Snap Parallel.svg Snap Parallel: snaps to an imaginary line parallel to straight edges.
  • Draft Snap Special.svg Snap Special: snaps to special points defined by the object.
  • Draft Snap Near.svg Snap Near: snaps to the nearest point on faces and edges.
  • Draft Snap Ortho.svg Snap Ortho: snaps to imaginary lines that cross the previous point at multiples of 45°.
  • Draft Snap Grid.svg Snap Grid: snaps to the intersections of grid lines.

实用工具

Additional tools

其他工具可从Draft → Utilities菜单处找到。或者右击当前的环境菜单(context menu),具体可用工具取决于当前所选对象。

  • Draft Heal.svg Heal: heals problematic Draft objects found in very old files.

其他功能

  • 底图坐标: 利用输入坐标的方式取代点击3D视图来定义一个新的点。
  • 底图约束(Constraining): 限制鼠标指针在相对于前一个点的水平方向或垂直方向上移动。
  • 底图捕捉(Snapping): 将新添加的点定位于已存在对象上的特定位置或网格上。

Tree view context menu

The following additional options are available in the Tree view context menu:

Default options

For most Draft objects the following option is available:

If there is an active document the context menu contains an additional sub-menu:

  • Utilities: a subset of the tools available in the main Draft Utilities menu.

Wire options

For a Draft Line and a Draft Wire this additional option is available:

  • Draft Edit.svg Flatten: flattens the wire on the current Draft working plane. This option does not work properly in version 0.19 and below.

Layer container options

For a Draft LayerContainer these additional options are available:

Layer options

For a Draft Layer these additional options are available:

Working plane proxy options

For a Draft WorkingPlaneProxy these additional options are available:

  • Draft SelectPlane.svg Write objects state: updates the 视图Visibility Map property of the working plane proxy with the current visibility state of objects in the document.

3D view context menu

The following additional options are available in the 3D view context menu:

Default options

If there is an active document the context menu contains one additional sub-menu:

  • Utilities: a subset of the tools available in the main Draft Utilities menu.

Obsolete tools

  • Draft Array.svg Array: creates an orthogonal array from a selected object. The created array can be turned into a polar array or a circular array by changing its 数据Array Type property. Not available in version 0.21 and above.
  • Draft Drawing.svg Drawing: inserts views of selected objects into a drawing page. Not available in version 0.21 and above.

首选项

文件格式

底图模块为FreeCAD提供了下列格式文件的导出、导出服务:

Unit tests

See also: Test Workbench.

To run the unit tests of the workbench execute the following from the operating system terminal:

freecad -t TestDraft

脚本

借助Draft API即可在Python控制台中使用各种底图工具。

The workbench includes a module to create samples of all objects in a new document.

Use this to test that all objects are produced correctly:

import drafttests.draft_test_objects as dto
doc = dto.create_test_file()

Inspecting the code of this module can help to understand the programming interface.

Tutorials