Чертожна маса
Въведение
Работната маса Draft Workbench е фокусирана предимно върху създаването и модификацията на 2D обекти във FreeCAD. Но тя не се ограничава само върху равнината XY на глобалната координатна система. Нейните обекти могат да имат всякаква ориентация и позиция в 3D пространството, а някои чертожни обекти могат да бъдат както равнинни, така и триизмерни.
Начертаните обекти могат да се използват за общо скициране, подобно на това, което може да се направи с Inkscape или AutoCAD. Но те могат да формират и основата за създаването на 3D обекти в други работни маси. Един Draft Wire може да определи пътя на Arch Wall, Draft Polygon може да бъде екструдиран с Part Extrude и т.н. Много от Draft модификаторни инструменти могат да бъдат приложени към 2D и 3D обекти, създадени и с други работни маси. Можете например move a Sketch или да създадете Draft OrthoArray от обект Part.
Чертожната работна маса, също така, предоставя инструменти за дефиниране на working plane (работна равнина), grid (прилепване към мрежа) и snapping system за прецизно управление и позициониране на геометрията.
Ако основната ви цел е създаването на сложни 2D чертежи и DXF файлове и не се нуждаете от 3D моделиране, FreeCAD може да не е правилният избор за вас. Вместо това може да искате да разгледате специална софтуерна програма за техническо челтане, като например LibreCAD или QCad.
Изображението показва grid, подравнен с XY-равнината.
Отляво, в бяло, няколко равнинни линии.
Отдясно триизмерна линия Draft Wire, използвана като път за обект Draft PathArray.
Чертане
Line: начертаване на права отсечка.
Polyline: създаване на полилиния (наричана още тел), последователност от няколко сегмента в свързана линия.
Fillet: създаване на заобляне или скосяване на прав ъгъл, или на ъгъла между две линии.
Arc: създаване на дъга по център, радиус, ъгъл на започване и ъгъл на завършване.
Arc From 3 Points: създаване на дъга по три точки, които я определят.
Circle: създава кръг от център и радиус.
Ellipse: създава елипса от две точки, определящи правоъгълник, в който ще се побере елипсата.
Rectangle: създава правоъгълник от две точки.
Polygon: създава правилен многоъгълник от център и радиус.
B-Spline: създава B-сплайн крива от няколко точки.
Cubic Bézier Curve: създава крива на Bézier от трета степен.
Bézier Curve: създава крива на Bézier от няколко точки.
Point: създава проста точка.
Facebinder: създава повърхностен обект от избрани лица.
Shape From Text: създава сложна форма, която представлява текстов низ.
Hatch: създава люкове на равнинни лица.
Надписи и размери
Text: създава многоредов текст в дадена точка.
Dimension: създава размерна линия за разстояние, радиус или ъгъл.
Label: създава многоредов текст с 2-сегментна сочеща линия и стрелка.
Annotation Styles: позволява да дефинирате стилове, които засягат визуалните свойства на обекти, подобни на текстове и размери.
Modification
Move: moves or copies selected objects from one point to another.
Rotate: rotates or copies selected objects around a center point by a given angle.
Scale: scales or copies selected objects around a base point.
Mirror: creates mirrored copies from selected objects.
Offset: offsets each segment of a selected object over a given distance, or creates an offset copy of the selected object.
Trimex: trims or extends a selected object.
Stretch: stretches objects by moving selected points.
Clone: creates linked copies, clones, of selected objects.
Polar Array: creates an array from a selected object by placing copies along a circle. It can optionally create a Link array.
Circular Array: creates an array from a selected object by placing copies along concentric circles. It can optionally create a Link array.
Path Array: creates an array from a selected object by placing copies along a path.
Path Link Array: idem, but create a Link array instead of a regular array.
Point Array: creates an array from a selected object by placing copies at the points from a point compound.
Point Link Array: idem, but create a Link array instead of a regular array.
Twisted Path Array: creates an array from a selected object by placing rotated copies along a path.
Twisted Path Link Array: idem, but creates a Link array instead of a regular array.
Edit: puts selected objects in Draft Edit mode. In this mode the properties of objects can be edited graphically.
Highlight Subelements: temporarily highlights selected objects, or the base objects of selected objects.
Join: joins Draft Lines and Draft Wires into a single wire.
Split: splits a Draft Line or Draft Wire at a specified point or edge.
Upgrade: upgrades selected objects.
Downgrade: downgrades selected objects.
Convert Wire/B-Spline: converts Draft Wires to Draft B-splines and vice versa.
Draft to Sketch: converts Draft objects to Sketcher Sketches and vice versa.
Set Slope: slopes selected Draft Lines or Draft Wires by increasing, or decreasing, the Z coordinate of all points after the first one.
Flip Dimension: rotates the dimension text of selected Draft Dimensions 180° around the dimension line.
Shape 2D View: creates 2D projections from selected objects.
Force 2D View Update: forces an update of selected 2D Views or all 2D Views in the document. introduced in 26.3
Draft Tray
The Draft Tray allows selecting the working plane, defining style settings, toggling construction mode, and specifying the active layer or group.
Working Plane: defines the current Draft working plane. Also available in the menu: Draft → Utilities → Working Plane.
Set Style: sets the default style for new objects. Also available in the menu: Draft → Utilities → Set Style.
Toggle Construction Mode: switches Draft construction mode on or off. Also available in the menu: Draft → Utilities → Toggle Construction Mode.
AutoGroup: changes the active Draft Layer or, optionally, the active Std Group or group-like BIM object.
Draft Scale Widget
With the Draft Scale Widget the Draft annotation scale can be specified.
Draft Snap Widget
The Draft Snap Widget can be used as an alternative for the Draft Snap toolbar.
Draft Snap toolbar
With the Draft Snap toolbar the active snap options can be selected. The buttons belonging to active options stay depressed. For general information about snapping see: Draft Snap.
Snap Lock: enables or disables snapping globally.
Snap Endpoint: snaps to the endpoints of edges.
Snap Midpoint: snaps to the midpoint of edges.
Snap Center: snaps to the center point of faces and circular edges, and to the ДанниPlacement point of Draft WorkingPlaneProxies and Arch BuildingParts.
Snap Angle: snaps to the special cardinal points on circular edges, at multiples of 30° and 45°.
Snap Intersection: snaps to the intersection of two edges, and (introduced in 1.1) the intersection of a face and an edge.
Snap Perpendicular: snaps to the perpendicular points on faces (introduced in 0.21) and edges.
Snap Extension: snaps to an imaginary line that extends beyond the endpoints of straight edges.
Snap Parallel: snaps to an imaginary line parallel to straight edges.
Snap Special: snaps to special points defined by the object.
Snap Near: snaps to the nearest point on faces and edges.
Snap Ortho: snaps to imaginary lines that cross the previous point at multiples of 45°.
Snap Grid: snaps to the intersections of grid lines.
Snap Working Plane: projects snap points onto the current working plane.
Snap Dimensions: shows temporary X and Y dimensions.
Toggle Grid: changes the visibility of the grid.
Draft Utilities toolbar
Manage Layers: allows to manage the layers in a document. introduced in 0.21
New Named Group: creates a named Std Group and adds objects to that group.
Select Group: selects the contents of Std Groups or group-like BIM objects.
Add to Layer: adds objects to a layer, or removes them from any layer. introduced in 1.1
Add to Group: adds objects to a Std Group. It can also ungroup objects.
Add to Construction Group: adds objects to the Draft construction group.
Toggle Wireframe: switches the ВидDisplay Mode property of selected objects between
Flat LinesandWireframe.
Working Plane Proxy: creates a working plane proxy to save the current Draft working plane.
Additional tools
The Draft → Utilities menu contains several tools. Most of them can also be accessed from toolbars or the Draft Tray and have already been mentioned above. For the following tools this is not the case:
Apply Current Style: applies the current style settings to selected objects.
New Layer: creates a Draft Layer.
Heal: heals problematic Draft objects found in very old files.
Show Snap Toolbar: shows the Draft Snap toolbar.
Additional features
- Working plane: the plane in the 3D View where new Draft objects are created.
- Snapping: select exact geometric points on, or defined by, existing objects or the grid.
- Constraining: for each subsequent point you can constrain the movement of the cursor to the X, Y, or Z direction.
- Construction mode: places new Draft objects in a dedicated group making it easier to hide or delete them.
- Pattern: Draft objects with a ДанниMake Face property can display an SVG pattern instead of a solid face color.
The following additional options are available in the Tree View context menu:
Default options
For most Draft objects the following option is available:
- Edit: edits the object. Depending on the object type either Draft Edit or a dedicated edit solution is used. introduced in 0.21
If there is an active document the context menu contains an additional sub-menu:
- Utilities: a subset of the tools available in the main Draft Utilities menu.
Layer container options
For a Draft LayerContainer these additional options are available:
Add New Layer: adds a new layer to the current document.
Reassign Properties of All Layers: removes overrides from objects in all layers. introduced in 1.1
Merge Layer Duplicates: merges all layers with the same base label.
Layer options
For a Draft Layer these additional options are available:
Activate Layer: activates the selected layer.
Reassign Properties of Layer: removes overrides from objects in the layer. introduced in 1.1
Select Layer Contents: selects the objects inside the selected layer.
Text options
For a Draft Text and a Draft Label that contains one or more hyperlinks, to a local or remote file or an URL, this additional option is available:
- Open Links: the hyperlinks are opened in the appropriate application (as defined by the OS). There is a warning in the case of multiple hyperlinks. introduced in 1.0
Wire options
For a Draft Line and a Draft Wire this additional option is available:
Flatten: flattens the wire on the current Draft working plane.
Working plane proxy options
For a Draft WorkingPlaneProxy these additional options are available:
Save Camera Position: updates the ВидView Data property of the working plane proxy with the current 3D View camera settings.
Save Visibility of Objects: updates the ВидVisibility Map property of the working plane proxy with the current visibility state of objects in the document.
The following additional options are available in the 3D View context menu:
Default options
If there is an active document the context menu contains one additional sub-menu:
- Utilities: a subset of the tools available in the main Draft Utilities menu.
Text options
See above.
Obsolete tools
Array: creates an orthogonal array from a selected object. The created array can be turned into a polar array or a circular array by changing its ДанниArray Type property. Not available in 0.21 and above.
Toggle continue mode: switches continue mode on or off. Not available in 1.0 and above.
Preferences
Preferences: general preferences for the Draft Workbench.
Import Export Preferences: preferences available for importing from and exporting to different file formats.
File formats
The Draft Workbench provides FreeCAD with importers and exporters for several file formats. These are used by the Std Import and Std Export commands.
- Autodesk .DXF: imports and exports Drawing Exchange Format files. See also FreeCAD and DXF Import.
- Autodesk .DWG: imports and exports DWG files via an external DWG converter. See also FreeCAD and DWG Import.
- Scalable Vector Graphics .SVG: imports and exports Scalable Vector Graphics files.
- Open CAD Format .OCA: imports and exports OCA/GCAD files.
- Airfoil Data Format .DAT: imports DAT files describing Airfoil profiles.
Unit tests
See also: Test Workbench.
To run the unit tests of the workbench execute the following from the operating system terminal:
freecad -t TestDraft
Scripting
See also: Autogenerated API documentation and FreeCAD Scripting Basics.
The workbench includes a module to create samples of all objects in a new document.
Use this to test that all objects are produced correctly:
import drafttests.draft_test_objects as dto
doc = dto.create_test_file()
Inspecting the code of this module can help to understand the programming interface.
Tutorials
- Drafting: Line, Polyline, Fillet, Arc, Arc From 3 Points, Circle, Ellipse, Rectangle, Polygon, B-Spline, Cubic Bézier Curve, Bézier Curve, Point, Facebinder, ShapeString, Hatch
- Annotation: Text, Dimension, Label, Annotation Styles, Annotation Scale
- Modification: Move, Rotate, Scale, Mirror, Offset, Trimex, Stretch, Clone, Array, Polar Array, Circular Array, Path Array, Path Link Array, Point Array, Point Link Array, Edit, Highlight Subelements, Join, Split, Upgrade, Downgrade, Convert Wire/B-Spline, Draft to Sketch, Set Slope, Flip Dimension, Shape 2D View
- Draft Tray: Working Plane, Set Style, Toggle Construction Mode, AutoGroup
- Snapping: Snap Lock, Snap Endpoint, Snap Midpoint, Snap Center, Snap Angle, Snap Intersection, Snap Perpendicular, Snap Extension, Snap Parallel, Snap Special, Snap Near, Snap Ortho, Snap Grid, Snap Working Plane, Snap Dimensions, Toggle Grid
- Miscellaneous: Apply Current Style, New Layer, Manage Layers, New Named Group, SelectGroup, Add to Layer, Add to Group, Add to Construction Group, Toggle Wireframe, Working Plane Proxy, Heal, Show Snap Toolbar
- Additional: Constraining, Pattern, Preferences, Import Export Preferences, DXF/DWG, SVG, OCA, DAT
- Context menu:
- Most objects: Edit
- Layer container: Add New Layer, Reassign Properties of All Layers, Merge Layer Duplicates
- Layer: Activate Layer, Reassign Properties of Layer, Select Layer Contents
- Text and label: Open Links
- Wire: Flatten
- Working plane proxy: Save Camera Position, Save Visibility of Objects
- Getting started
- Installation: Download, Windows, Linux, Mac, Additional components, Docker, AppImage, Ubuntu Snap
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