Bancada de trabalho Draft
Introdução
A bancada de trabalho Draft permite desenhar objetos 2D simples, e oferece várias ferramentas para modificá-los posteriormente. Ele também fornece ferramentas para definir um plano de trabalho, uma grade e um sistema de disparo para controlar com precisão a posição de sua geometria.
Os objetos 2D criados podem ser usados para esboço geral de uma forma semelhante à do Inkscape ou do Autocad. Estas formas 2D também podem ser usadas como componentes base de objetos 3D criados com outras bancadas de trabalho, por exemplo, a bancada de trabalho Part e Arch.
A conversão de objetos de Draft para
Sketches também é possível, o que significa que as formas também podem ser usadas com a
bancada de trabalho PartDesign para a criação de corpos sólidos.
The Draft Workbench also provides tools to define a working plane, a grid, and a snapping system to precisely control the position of geometry.
O FreeCAD é principalmente uma aplicação de modelagem 3D, e assim suas ferramentas 2D não são tão avançadas como em outros programas de desenho. Se seu objetivo principal é a produção de desenhos 2D complexos e arquivos DXF, e você não precisa de modelagem 3D, talvez você queira considerar um programa de software dedicado ao desenho técnico, como o LibreCAD, QCad, ou outros.
The image shows the grid aligned with the XY-plane.
On the left, in white, several planar objects.
On the right a non-planar Draft Wire used as the Path Object of a Draft PathArray.
Drafting
Line: creates a straight line.
Polyline: creates a polyline (also called wire), a sequence of several connected line segments.
Fillet: creates a fillet, a rounded corner, or a chamfer, a straight edge, between two selected edges.
Arc: creates a circular arc from a center, a radius, a start angle and an aperture angle.
Arc From 3 Points: creates a circular arc from three points that define its circumference.
Circle: creates a circle from a center and a radius.
Ellipse: creates an ellipse from two points defining a rectangle in which the ellipse will fit.
Rectangle: creates a rectangle from two points.
Polygon: creates a regular polygon from a center and a radius.
B-Spline: creates a B-spline curve from several points.
Cubic Bézier Curve: creates a Bézier curve of the third degree.
Bézier Curve: creates a Bézier curve from several points.
Point: creates a simple point.
Facebinder: creates a surface object from selected faces.
Shape From Text: creates a compound shape that represents a text string.
Hatch: creates hatches on the planar faces of a selected object.
Annotation
Text: creates a multi-line text at a given point.
Dimension: creates a linear dimension, a radial dimension or an angular dimension.
Label: creates a multi-line text with a 2-segment leader line and an arrow.
Annotation Styles: allows you to define styles that affect the visual properties of annotation-like objects.
Modification
Move: moves or copies selected objects from one point to another.
Rotate: rotates or copies selected objects around a center point by a given angle.
Scale: scales or copies selected objects around a base point.
Mirror: creates mirrored copies from selected objects.
Offset: offsets each segment of a selected object over a given distance, or creates an offset copy of the selected object.
Trimex: trims or extends a selected object.
Stretch: stretches objects by moving selected points.
Clone: creates linked copies, clones, of selected objects.
Polar Array: creates an array from a selected object by placing copies along a circle. It can optionally create a Link array.
Circular Array: creates an array from a selected object by placing copies along concentric circles. It can optionally create a Link array.
Path Array: creates an array from a selected object by placing copies along a path.
Path Link Array: idem, but create a Link array instead of a regular array.
Point Array: creates an array from a selected object by placing copies at the points from a point compound.
Point Link Array: idem, but create a Link array instead of a regular array.
Edit: puts selected objects in Draft Edit mode. In this mode the properties of objects can be edited graphically.
Highlight Subelements: temporarily highlights selected objects, or the base objects of selected objects.
Join: joins Draft Lines and Draft Wires into a single wire.
Split: splits a Draft Line or Draft Wire at a specified point or edge.
Upgrade: upgrades selected objects.
Downgrade: downgrades selected objects.
Convert Wire/B-Spline: converts Draft Wires to Draft B-splines and vice versa.
Draft to Sketch: converts Draft objects to Sketcher Sketches and vice versa.
Set Slope: slopes selected Draft Lines or Draft Wires by increasing, or decreasing, the Z coordinate of all points after the first one.
Flip Dimension: rotates the dimension text of selected Draft Dimensions 180° around the dimension line.
Shape 2D View: creates 2D projections from selected objects.
Barra de ferramentas da bandeja de rascunho
A barra de ferramentas Bandeja de rascunho aparece quando a bancada de trabalho é iniciada, e permite selecionar o plano de trabalho, com algumas propriedades visuais como a cor da linha, cor da forma, largura da linha, tamanho do texto e grupo automático.
Plano de trabalho: define um plano de trabalho a partir de uma vista padrão ou de uma face selecionada.
Estilo de conjunto: define o estilo padrão para novos objetos, e opcionalmente aplica o estilo a objetos e grupos selecionados.
Modo de construção: ativa ou desativa o modo de construção de rascunho.
Grupo automático: colocar automaticamente novos objetos em um determinado
Grupo padrão,
Camada, ou um dos objetos de grupo do Bancada de trabalho Arch, como
. Parte de um edifício. introduced in 0.17
Set Style: sets the default style for new objects. Also available in the menu: Draft → Utilities → Set Style.
Toggle Construction Mode: switches Draft construction mode on or off. Also available in the menu: Draft → Utilities → Toggle Construction Mode.
AutoGroup: changes the active Draft Layer or, optionally, the active Std Group or group-like BIM object.
Draft Scale Widget
Com o Widget de escala de anotação a escala de anotação Draft pode ser especificada. O widget está localizado na Barra de status.
Draft Snap Widget
O Widget de ancoragem pode ser usado como uma alternativa para a Barra de ferramentas Rascunho de pressão. O widget está localizado na Barra de status.
Barra de ferramentas Rascunho de pressão
A barra de ferramentas Captura permite selecionar o modo de precisão atual. Seu botão se mantém pressionado quando um modo está ativo.
Snap Lock: enables or disables snapping globally.
Snap Endpoint: snaps to the endpoints of edges.
Snap Midpoint: snaps to the midpoint of edges.
Snap Center: snaps to the center point of faces and circular edges, and to the DadosPlacement point of Draft WorkingPlaneProxies and Arch BuildingParts.
Snap Angle: snaps to the special cardinal points on circular edges, at multiples of 30° and 45°.
Snap Intersection: snaps to the intersection of two edges, and (introduced in 1.1) the intersection of a face and an edge.
Snap Perpendicular: snaps to the perpendicular points on faces (introduced in 0.21) and edges.
Snap Extension: snaps to an imaginary line that extends beyond the endpoints of straight edges.
Snap Parallel: snaps to an imaginary line parallel to straight edges.
Snap Special: snaps to special points defined by the object.
Snap Near: snaps to the nearest point on faces and edges.
Snap Ortho: snaps to imaginary lines that cross the previous point at multiples of 45°.
Snap Grid: snaps to the intersections of grid lines.
Snap Working Plane: projects snap points onto the current working plane.
Snap Dimensions: shows temporary X and Y dimensions.
Toggle Grid: changes the visibility of the grid.
Draft Utilities toolbar
Gerenciar camadas...: permite gerenciar as camadas em um documento. introduzido na versão 0.21
New Named Group: creates a named Std Group and adds objects to that group.
Select Group: selects the contents of Std Groups or group-like BIM objects.
Add to Layer: adds objects to a layer, or removes them from any layer. introduced in 1.1
Add to Group: adds objects to a Std Group. It can also ungroup objects.
Add to Construction Group: adds objects to the Draft construction group.
Toggle Wireframe: switches the VistaDisplay Mode property of selected objects between
Flat LinesandWireframe.
Working Plane Proxy: creates a working plane proxy to save the current Draft working plane.
Ferramentas adicionais
The Draft → Utilities menu contains several tools. Most of them can also be accessed from toolbars or the Draft Tray and have already been mentioned above. For the following tools this is not the case:
Apply Current Style: applies the current style settings to selected objects.
New Layer: creates a Draft Layer.
Heal: heals problematic Draft objects found in very old files.
Show Snap Toolbar: shows the Draft Snap toolbar.
Características adicionais
- Restrições: limitar o ponteiro a movimentos horizontais ou verticais em relação a um ponto anterior.
- Captura: colocar novos pontos em lugares especiais sobre objetos existentes ou sobre a grade.
- Modo de construção: Permite criar geometrias separadas das demais, simplesmente ligando e desligando-as.
- Plano de trabalho: permite selecionar uma superfície sobre a qual você pode construir suas formas.
The following additional options are available in the Tree View context menu:
Default options
For most Draft objects the following option is available:
- Edit: edits the object. Depending on the object type either Draft Edit or a dedicated edit solution is used. introduced in 0.21
If there is an active document the context menu contains an additional sub-menu:
- Utilities: a subset of the tools available in the main Draft Utilities menu.
Layer container options
For a Draft LayerContainer these additional options are available:
Add New Layer: adds a new layer to the current document.
Reassign Properties of All Layers: removes overrides from objects in all layers. introduced in 1.1
Merge Layer Duplicates: merges all layers with the same base label.
Layer options
For a Draft Layer these additional options are available:
Activate Layer: activates the selected layer.
Reassign Properties of Layer: removes overrides from objects in the layer. introduced in 1.1
Select Layer Contents: selects the objects inside the selected layer.
Text options
For a Draft Text and a Draft Label that contains one or more hyperlinks, to a local or remote file or an URL, this additional option is available:
- Open Links: the hyperlinks are opened in the appropriate application (as defined by the OS). There is a warning in the case of multiple hyperlinks. introduced in 1.0
Wire options
For a Draft Line and a Draft Wire this additional option is available:
Flatten: flattens the wire on the current Draft working plane.
Working plane proxy options
For a Draft WorkingPlaneProxy these additional options are available:
Save Camera Position: updates the VistaView Data property of the working plane proxy with the current 3D View camera settings.
Save Visibility of Objects: updates the VistaVisibility Map property of the working plane proxy with the current visibility state of objects in the document.
The following additional options are available in the 3D View context menu:
Default options
If there is an active document the context menu contains one additional sub-menu:
- Utilities: a subset of the tools available in the main Draft Utilities menu.
Text options
See above.
Ferramentas obsoletas
Array: creates an orthogonal array from a selected object. The created array can be turned into a polar array or a circular array by changing its DadosArray Type property. obsolete in 0.19
Toggle continue mode: switches continue mode on or off. Not available in 1.0 and above.
Preferências
Preferências: preferências gerais para o plano de trabalho e para as ferramentas de desenho.
Preferências de exportação de importação: preferências disponíveis para importação e exportação de e para diferentes formatos de arquivo.
Import Export Preferences: preferences available for importing from and exporting to different file formats.
Formatos de arquivo
The Draft Workbench provides FreeCAD with importers and exporters for several file formats. These are used by the Std Import and Std Export commands.
- Autodesk .DXF: importação e exportação Drawing Exchange Format arquivos criados com aplicações CAD 2D. Veja também FreeCAD e DXF Import.
- Autodesk .DWG: importa e exporta arquivos DWG através do importador DXF, quando o utilitário ODA Converter é instalado. Veja também FreeCAD e DWG Import.
- SVG: importação e exportação Scalable Vector Graphics arquivos criados com aplicações de desenho vetorial.
- Open Cad format .OCA: importa e exporta arquivos OCA/GCAD, um formato de arquivo CAD potencialmente novo abrir arquivo CAD.
- Airfoil Data Format .DAT: importa arquivos DAT descrevendo Airfoil profiles.
Testes unitários
Veja também:Bancada de trabalho Testing framework.
Para executar os testes unitários da bancada de trabalho, executar o seguinte a partir do terminal do sistema operacional.
freecad -t TestDraft
Scripting
A bancada de trabalho inclui um módulo para criar amostras de todos os objetos em um novo documento. introduced in 0.19
Use isto para testar se todos os objetos são produzidos corretamente.
import drafttests.draft_test_objects as dto
doc = dto.create_test_file()
A inspeção do código deste módulo é útil para entender como utilizar a interface de programação.
Tutorials
- Drafting: Line, Polyline, Fillet, Arc, Arc From 3 Points, Circle, Ellipse, Rectangle, Polygon, B-Spline, Cubic Bézier Curve, Bézier Curve, Point, Facebinder, ShapeString, Hatch
- Annotation: Text, Dimension, Label, Annotation Styles, Annotation Scale
- Modification: Move, Rotate, Scale, Mirror, Offset, Trimex, Stretch, Clone, Array, Polar Array, Circular Array, Path Array, Path Link Array, Point Array, Point Link Array, Edit, Highlight Subelements, Join, Split, Upgrade, Downgrade, Convert Wire/B-Spline, Draft to Sketch, Set Slope, Flip Dimension, Shape 2D View
- Draft Tray: Working Plane, Set Style, Toggle Construction Mode, AutoGroup
- Snapping: Snap Lock, Snap Endpoint, Snap Midpoint, Snap Center, Snap Angle, Snap Intersection, Snap Perpendicular, Snap Extension, Snap Parallel, Snap Special, Snap Near, Snap Ortho, Snap Grid, Snap Working Plane, Snap Dimensions, Toggle Grid
- Miscellaneous: Apply Current Style, New Layer, Manage Layers, New Named Group, SelectGroup, Add to Layer, Add to Group, Add to Construction Group, Toggle Wireframe, Working Plane Proxy, Heal, Show Snap Toolbar
- Additional: Constraining, Pattern, Preferences, Import Export Preferences, DXF/DWG, SVG, OCA, DAT
- Context menu:
- Most objects: Edit
- Layer container: Add New Layer, Reassign Properties of All Layers, Merge Layer Duplicates
- Layer: Activate Layer, Reassign Properties of Layer, Select Layer Contents
- Text and label: Open Links
- Wire: Flatten
- Working plane proxy: Save Camera Position, Save Visibility of Objects
- Getting started
- Installation: Download, Windows, Linux, Mac, Additional components, Docker, AppImage, Ubuntu Snap
- Basics: About FreeCAD, Interface, Mouse navigation, Selection methods, Object name, Preferences, Workbenches, Document structure, Properties, Help FreeCAD, Donate
- Help: Tutorials, Video tutorials
- Workbenches: Std Base, Assembly, BIM, CAM, Draft, FEM, Inspection, Material, Mesh, OpenSCAD, Part, PartDesign, Points, Reverse Engineering, Robot, Sketcher, Spreadsheet, Surface, TechDraw, Test Framework
- Hubs: User hub, Power users hub, Developer hub
