Manual:All workbenches at a glance/zh-cn: Difference between revisions
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=== Sketcher === |
=== Sketcher === |
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Sketcher 工作台包含用于构建和编辑复杂 2D 对象的工具,称为草图(sketch)。这些草图内的几何形状可以通过使用约束来精确地定位和关联。这些草图(sketch)对象主要是 PartDesign 几何体的构建模块,但在 FreeCAD 各处都有用。 |
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The Sketcher Workbench contains tools to build and edit complex 2D objects, called sketches. The geometry inside these sketches can be precisely positioned and relationed by the use of constraints. They are primarily meant to be the building blocks of PartDesign geometry, but are useful everywhere in FreeCAD. |
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Revision as of 01:43, 27 March 2019
- Introduction
- Discovering FreeCAD
- Working with FreeCAD
- Python scripting
- The community
FreeCAD 的新用户面临的一个最大困难,是不知道在哪个工作台中找到某个特定工具。下面的表中是最重要的工作台及其工具。更完整的列表,请参阅 FreeCAD 文档中的每个工作台的页面。
四个工作台设计成了结对工作,其中一个完全包含在另一个中。Arch 包含所有的 Draft 工具,PartDesign 包含所有的 Sketcher 工具。但是为清楚起见,下面分开来讲。
Part
Part 工作台提供了处理实体零件的基本工具:基础几何体,例如立方体和球体,以及简单的几何运算和布尔运算。作为与 OpenCasCade 的主要锚点,Part 工作台提供了 FreeCAD 几何系统的基础设施,几乎所有其他工作台都生成基于 Part 的几何对象。
工具 | 说明 | 工具 | 说明 |
---|---|---|---|
Box | 绘制长方体 | Cone | 绘制圆锥 |
Cylinder | 绘制圆柱体 | Sphere | 绘制球体 |
Torus | 绘制圆环体(环) | Create primitives | 创建各种其他参数化的几何图元 |
Shape builder | 从基元创建更复杂的形状 | Union | 熔合 (合并) 两个对象 |
Common | 提取两个对象的公共(交叉)部分 | Cut | 从另一个对象中剪切(减去)一个对象 |
JonConnect | 连接围墙物体的内部 | JoinEmbed | 将围墙物体对象嵌入另一个围墙物体对象中 |
Join Cutout | 在围墙物体对象的墙上剪切一块来创建另一个围墙对象 | Extrude | 拉伸对象的一个平面 |
Fillet | 做物体的圆角(圆孤)边缘 | Revolve | 围绕轴旋转对象(非实体)来创建一个实体对象 |
Section | 将对象与剖切面相交来创建横截面 | SectionCross | 沿对象的一个方向创建多个横截面 |
Chamfer | 给物体的边缘做倒角 | Mirror | 相对给定镜像平面镜像选定对象 |
Ruled Surface | 在所选曲线之间创建一个有规则的曲面 | Sweep | 沿路径扫略一个或多个轮廓 |
Part_Loft | 从一个轮廓渐变到另一个轮廓 | Offset | 创建原始对象的缩放过的副本 |
Thickness | 为形状的面指定厚度 |
Draft
Draft 工作台提供了执行基本 2D CAD 绘图任务的工具:直线,圆圈,等等,以及一些通用的便捷工具,例如移动,旋转和缩放,另外还提供了几种绘图辅助工具,例如网格和捕捉。Draft 工作台主要用于绘制Arch 对象的引导线,但是也可以当作 FreeCAD 的“瑞士军刀”。
工具 | 描述 | 工具 | 描述 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Line | 在 2 个点之间绘制线段 | Wire | 绘制由多个线段组成的线(折线) | ||||
Circle | 以中心和半径绘制一个圆 | Arc | 以中心,半径,起始角度和结束角度绘制弧段 | ||||
Ellipse | 以两个角点绘制一个椭圆 | Polygon | 以中心和半径绘制正多边形 | ||||
Rectangle | 以 2 个相对的点绘制一个矩形 | Text | 绘制多行文本注释 | ||||
Dimension | 绘制尺寸标注 | BSpline | 以一系列的点绘制 B 样条曲线 | ||||
Point | 插入一个点 | Shapestring | ShapeString 工具在当前文档的给定点处插入表示文本字符串的复合形状 | ||||
Facebinder | 从现有对象上的选定面创建新对象 | Bezier Curve | 以一系列的点绘制贝塞尔曲线 | ||||
Move | 将对象从一个位置移动或复制到另一个位置 | Rotate | 围绕某点旋转对象一定角度 | ||||
Offset | 将对象偏移特定距离 | Trimex | 修剪,延伸或拉伸物体 | ||||
Upgrade | 将对象转换或连接到更高级别的对象 | Downgrade | 将对象转换或分离为较低级别的对象 | Scale | 相对某点缩放对象 | Shape 2D View | 创建一个 2D 对象,它是另一个对象的扁平视图 |
Draft to Sketch | 将草稿(draft)对象转换为草图(sketch),反之亦然 | Array | 将对象创建为极坐标阵列或矩形阵列 | ||||
Path Array | 沿路径放置副本来将对象创建为阵列 | Clone | 为对象创建带链接的副本 | ||||
Mirror | 沿一条线镜像对象 |
Sketcher
Sketcher 工作台包含用于构建和编辑复杂 2D 对象的工具,称为草图(sketch)。这些草图内的几何形状可以通过使用约束来精确地定位和关联。这些草图(sketch)对象主要是 PartDesign 几何体的构建模块,但在 FreeCAD 各处都有用。
Tool | Description | Tool | Description |
---|---|---|---|
Point | Draws a point | Line | Draws a line segment from 2 points |
Arc | Draws an arc segment from center, radius, start angle and end angle | Arc 3 points | Draws an arc segment from two endpoints and another point on the circumference |
Circle | Draws a circle from center and radius | Circle 3 points | Draws a circle from three points on the circumference |
Ellipse | Draws an ellipse by center point, major radius point and minor radius point | Ellipse 3 points | Draws an ellipse by major diameter (2 points) and minor radius point |
Arc of ellipse | Draws an arc of ellipse by center point, major radius point, starting point and ending point | Polyline | Draws a line made of multiple line segments. Several drawing modes available |
Rectangle | Draws a rectangle from 2 opposite points | Triangle | Draws a regular triangle inscribed in a construction geometry circle |
Square | Draws a regular square inscribed in a construction geometry circle | Pentagon | Draws a regular pentagon inscribed in a construction geometry circle |
Hexagon | Draws a regular hexagon inscribed in a construction geometry circle | Heptagon | Draws a regular heptagon inscribed in a construction geometry circle |
Octagon | Draws a regular octagon inscribed in a construction geometry circle | Slot | Draws an oval by selecting the center of one semicircle and an endpoint of the other semicircle |
Fillet | Makes a fillet between two lines joined at one point | Trimming | Trims a line, circle or arc with respect to a clicked point |
External geometry | Creates an edge linked to external geometry | Construction mode | Toggles an element to/from construction mode. A construction object will not be used in a 3D geometry operation and is only visible while editing the Sketch that contains it |
Coincident | Affixes a point onto (coincident with) one or more other points. | Point on object | Affixes a point onto another object such as a line, arc, or axis. |
Vertical | Constrains the selected lines or polyline elements to a true vertical orientation. More than one object can be selected before applying this constraint. | Horizontal | Constrains the selected lines or polyline elements to a true horizontal orientation. More than one object can be selected before applying this constraint. |
Parallel | Constrains two or more lines parallel to one another. | Perpendicular | Constrains two lines perpendicular to one another, or constrains a line perpendicular to an arc endpoint. |
Tangent | Creates a tangent constraint between two selected entities, or a co-linear constraint between two line segments. | Equal length | Constrains two selected entities equal to one another. If used on circles or arcs their radii will be set equal. |
Symmetric | Constrains two points symmetrically about a line, or constrains the first two selected points symmetrically about a third selected point. | Lock | Constrains the selected item by setting vertical and horizontal distances relative to the origin, thereby locking the location of that item |
Horizontal distance | Fixes the horizontal distance between two points or line endpoints. If only one item is selected, the distance is set to the origin. | Vertical distance | Fixes the vertical distance between 2 points or line endpoints. If only one item is selected, the distance is set to the origin. |
Distance | Defines the distance of a selected line by constraining its length, or defines the distance between two points by constraining the distance between them. | Radius | Defines the radius of a selected arc or circle by constraining the radius. |
Internal anglr | Defines the internal angle between two selected lines. | Snell's law | Constrains two lines to obey a refraction law to simulate the light going through an interface |
Internal alignment | Aligns selected elements to selected shape (e.g. a line to become major axis of an ellipse) | Map sketch | Maps a sketch to the previously selected face of a solid |
Merge | Merge two or more sketches | Mirror | Mirrors selected elements of a sketch |
Part Design
The Part Design Workbench contains advanced tools to build solid parts. It also contains all the tools from the sketcher. Since it can only produce solid shapes (the rule number one of Part Design), it is the main workbench to use when designing pieces (parts) to be manufactured or 3D-printed, as you will always obtain a printable object.
Tool | Description | Tool | Description |
---|---|---|---|
Pad | Extrudes a solid object from a selected sketch | Creates a pocket from a selected sketch. The sketch must be mapped to an existing solid object's face | |
Revolution | Creates a solid by revolving a sketch around an axis | Groove | Creates a groove by revolving a sketch around an axis |
Fillet | Fillets (rounds) edges of an object | Chamfer | Chamfers edges of an object |
Draft | Applies angular draft to faces of an object | Mirrored | Mirrors features on a plane or face |
Linear pattern | Creates a linear pattern of features | Polar pattern | Creates a polar pattern of features |
Scaled | Scales features to a different size | Multitransform | Allows creating a pattern with any combination of the other transformations |
Shaft wizard | Generates a shaft from a table of values and allows to analyze forces and moments | Involute gear wizard | Allows you to create several types of gears |
Arch
The Arch Workbench contains tools to work with BIM projects (civil engineering and architecture). It also contains all the tools from the Draft workbench. The main use of the Arch Workbench is to create BIM objects or give BIM attributes to objects built with other workbenches, in order to export them to IFC.
Tool | Description | Tool | Description |
---|---|---|---|
Wall | Creates a wall from scratch or using a selected object as a base | Structure | Creates a structural element from scratch or using a selected object as a base |
Rebar | Creates a reinforcement bar in a selected structural element | Floor | Creates a floor including selected objects |
Building | Creates a building including selected objects | Site | Creates a site including selected objects |
Window | Creates a window using a selected object as a base | Section plane | Adds a section plane object to the document |
Axis | Adds an axes system to the document | Roof | Creates a sloped roof from a selected face |
Space | Creates a space object in the document | Stairs | Creates a stairs object in the document |
Panel | Creates a panel object from a selected 2D object | Frame | Creates a frame object from a selected layout |
Equipment | Creates an equipment or furniture object | Material | Attributes a material to selected objects |
Schedule | Creates different types of schedules | Cut plane | Cut an object according to a plan |
Add | Adds objects to a component | Remove | Subtracts or removes objects from a component |
Survey | Enters or leaves surveying mode |
Drawing
The Drawing Workbench handles the creation and manipulation of 2D drawing sheets, used for displaying views of your 3D work in 2D. These sheets can then be exported to 2D applications in SVG or DXF formats, to a PDF file or printed.
Tool | Description | Tool | Description |
---|---|---|---|
New sheet | Creates a new drawing sheet | View | Inserts a view of the selected object in the active drawing sheet |
Annotation | Adds an annotation to the current drawing sheet | Clip | Adds a clip group to the current drawing sheet |
Open browser | Opens a preview of the current sheet in the browser | Ortho views | Automatically creates orthographic views of an object on the current drawing sheet |
Symbol | Adds the contents of a SVG file as a symbol on the current drawing sheet | Draft view | Inserts a special Draft view of the selected object in the current drawing sheet |
Save | Saves the current sheet as a SVG file |
Other built-in workbenches
Although the above summarizes the most important tools of FreeCAD, many more workbenches are available, among them:
- The Mesh Workbench allows to work with polygon meshes. Although meshes are not the preferred type of geometry to work with in FreeCAD, because of their lack of precision and support for curves, meshes still have a lot of uses, and are fully supported in FreeCAD. The Mesh Workbench also offers a number of Part-to-Mesh and Mesh-to-Part tools.
- The Raytracing Workbench offers tools to interface with external renderers such as povray or luxrender. Right from inside FreeCAD, this workbench allows you to produce high-quality renderings from your models.
- The Spreadsheet Workbench permits the creation and manipulation of spreadsheet data, that can be extracted from FreeCAD models. Spreadsheet cells can also be referenced in many areas of FreeCAD, allowing to use them as master data structures.
- The FEM Workbench deals with Finite Elements Analysis, and permits the performing of pre- and post-processing FEM calculations and to display the results graphically.
External workbenches
A number of other very useful workbenches produced by FreeCAD community members also exist. Although they are not included in a standard FreeCAD installation,they are easy to install as plug-ins. They are all referenced in the FreeCAD-addons repository. Among the most developed are:
- The Drawing Dimensioning Workbench offers many new tools to work directly on Drawing Sheets and allow you to add dimensions, annotations and other technical symbols with great control over their aspect.
- The Fasteners Workbench offers a wide range of ready-to-insert fasteners objects like screws, bolts, rods, washers and nuts. Many options and settings are available.
- The Assembly2 Workbench offers a series of tools to mount and work with assemblies.
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