Part Module/zh-cn: Difference between revisions

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<span id="Tools"></span>
== 工具 ==
== 工具 ==


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<span id="Primitives"></span>
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===图元===
===图元===
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* [[Image:Part_Cone.svg|32px]] [[Part_Cone|Cone]]: Creates a cone.
* [[Image:Part_Cone.svg|32px]] [[Part_Cone|Cone]]: Creates a cone.


* [[Image:Part_Torus.svg|32px]] [[Part_Torus|Torus]]: Creates a torus (ring).
* [[Image:Part_Torus.svg|32px]] [[Part_Torus|Torus]]: Creates a torus.


* [[File:Part_Tube.svg|32px]] [[Part_Tube|Tube]]: Creates a tube. {{Version|0.19}}
* [[File:Part_Tube.svg|32px]] [[Part_Tube|Tube]]: Creates a tube.


* [[Image:Part_Primitives.svg|32px]] [[Part_Primitives|Primitives]]: A tool to create one of the following primitives:
* [[Image:Part_Primitives.svg|32px]] [[Part_Primitives|Create primitives...]]: A tool to create one of the following primitives:
**[[Image:Part_Plane.svg|32px]] [[Part_Plane|Plane]]: Creates a plane.
**[[Image:Part_Plane.svg|32px]] [[Part_Plane|Plane]]: Creates a plane.
**[[Image:Tree_Part_Box_Parametric.svg|32px]] [[Part_Box|Box]]: Creates a box. This object can also be created with the [[Image:Part_Box.svg|32px]] [[Part_Box|Box]] tool.
**[[Image:Tree_Part_Box_Parametric.svg|32px]] [[Part_Box|Box]]: Creates a box. This object can also be created with the [[Image:Part_Box.svg|32px]] [[Part_Box|Box]] tool.
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**[[Image:Part_Helix.svg|32px]] [[Part_Helix|Helix]]: Creates a helix.
**[[Image:Part_Helix.svg|32px]] [[Part_Helix|Helix]]: Creates a helix.
**[[Image:Part_Spiral.svg|32px]] [[Part_Spiral|Spiral]]: Creates a spiral.
**[[Image:Part_Spiral.svg|32px]] [[Part_Spiral|Spiral]]: Creates a spiral.
**[[Image:Part_Circle.svg|32px]] [[Part_Circle|Circle]]: Creates a circular edge.
**[[Image:Part_Circle.svg|32px]] [[Part_Circle|Circle]]: Creates a circular arc.
**[[Image:Part_Ellipse.svg|32px]] [[Part_Ellipse|Ellipse]]: Creates an elliptical edge.
**[[Image:Part_Ellipse.svg|32px]] [[Part_Ellipse|Ellipse]]: Creates an elliptical arc.
**[[Image:Part_Point.svg|32px]] [[Part_Point|Point]]: Creates a point (vertex).
**[[Image:Part_Point.svg|32px]] [[Part_Point|Point]]: Creates a point.
**[[Image:Part_Line.svg|32px]] [[Part_Line|Line]]: Creates a line (edge).
**[[Image:Part_Line.svg|32px]] [[Part_Line|Line]]: Creates a line.
**[[Image:Part_RegularPolygon.svg|32px]] [[Part_RegularPolygon|Regular Polygon]]: Creates a regular polygon.
**[[Image:Part_RegularPolygon.svg|32px]] [[Part_RegularPolygon|Regular polygon]]: Creates a regular polygon.


* [[Image:Part_Builder.svg|32px]] [[Part_Builder|Builder]]: Creates shapes from various primitives.
* [[Image:Part_Builder.svg|32px]] [[Part_Builder|Shape builder...]]: Creates shapes from various primitives.


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==修改对象==
==修改对象==
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* [[Image:Part_Mirror.svg|32px]] [[Part_Mirror|Mirror]]: Mirrors the selected object across a mirror plane.
* [[Image:Part_Mirror.svg|32px]] [[Part_Mirror|Mirror]]: Mirrors the selected object across a mirror plane.

* [[Image:Part_Scale.svg|32px]] [[Part_Scale|Scale]]: Scales one or more shapes. {{Version|0.22}}


* [[Image:Part_Fillet.svg|32px]] [[Part_Fillet|Fillet]]: Fillets (rounds) edges of an object.
* [[Image:Part_Fillet.svg|32px]] [[Part_Fillet|Fillet]]: Fillets (rounds) edges of an object.
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* [[Image:Part_Chamfer.svg|32px]] [[Part_Chamfer|Chamfer]]: Chamfers edges of an object.
* [[Image:Part_Chamfer.svg|32px]] [[Part_Chamfer|Chamfer]]: Chamfers edges of an object.


* [[File:Part_MakeFace.svg|32px]] [[Part_MakeFace|Make face from wires]]: Makes a face from a set of wires (contours). {{Version|0.19}}
* [[File:Part_MakeFace.svg|32px]] [[Part_MakeFace|Make face from wires]]: Makes a face from a set of wires (contours).


* [[Image:Part_RuledSurface.svg|32px]] [[Part_RuledSurface|Ruled Surface]]: Creates a ruled surface.
* [[Image:Part_RuledSurface.svg|32px]] [[Part_RuledSurface|Ruled Surface]]: Creates a ruled surface.
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** [[Image:Part Compound‏‎Filter.svg|32px]] [[Part_Compound‏‎Filter|Compound Filter]]: Extracts the individual pieces from compounds.
** [[Image:Part Compound‏‎Filter.svg|32px]] [[Part_Compound‏‎Filter|Compound Filter]]: Extracts the individual pieces from compounds.


* [[Image:Part_Boolean.svg|32px]] [[Part_Boolean|Boolean]]: 在对象上执行布尔运算
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* [[Image:Part_Booleans.png|32px]] [[Part_Booleans|Booleans]]: 在对象上执行布尔运算
* [[Image:Part_Union.png|32px]] [[Part_Union|Union]]: 将两个对象融为一体 (并集)
* [[Image:Part_Common.png|32px]] [[Part_Common|Common]]: 提取出两个对象中的共有部分(交集)
* [[Image:Part_Cut.png|32px]] [[Part_Cut|Cut]]: 从一个对象中去掉另一个对象(差集)
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* [[Image:Part_Cut.svg|32px]] [[Part_Cut|Cut]]: Cuts (subtracts) one object from another.
* [[Image:Part_Cut.svg|32px]] [[Part_Cut|Cut]]: Cuts (subtracts) one object from another.


* [[Image:Part_Fuse.svg|32px]] [[Part_Fuse|Fuse]]: Fuses (unions) two objects.
* [[Image:Part_Fuse.svg|32px]] [[Part_Fuse|Fuse]]: Fuses (unions) two or more objects.


* [[Image:Part_Common.svg|32px]] [[Part_Common|Common]]: Extracts the common (intersection) part of two objects.
* [[Image:Part_Common.svg|32px]] [[Part_Common|Common]]: Extracts the common (intersection) part of two objects.
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* [[Image:Part_CompSplittingTools.png|48px]] [[Part CompSplittingTools|Splitting tools]]:
* [[Image:Part_CompSplittingTools.png|48px]] [[Part CompSplittingTools|Splitting tools]]:
** [[Image:Part_BooleanFragments.svg|32px]] [[Part_BooleanFragments|Boolean fragments]]: Creates all pieces obtained from Boolean operations.
** [[Image:Part_BooleanFragments.svg|32px]] [[Part_BooleanFragments|Boolean fragments]]: Creates all pieces obtained from Boolean operations.
** [[Image:Part SliceApart.svg|32px]] [[Part_SliceApart|Slice a part]]: Slices and splits an object by intersecting it with other objects.
** [[Image:Part SliceApart.svg|32px]] [[Part_SliceApart|Slice apart]]: Slices and splits an object by intersecting it with other objects.
** [[Image:Part_Slice.svg|32px]] [[Part_Slice|Slice]]: Slices an object by intersecting it with other objects.
** [[Image:Part_Slice.svg|32px]] [[Part_Slice|Slice]]: Slices an object by intersecting it with other objects.
** [[Image:Part_XOR.svg|32px]] [[Part_XOR|XOR]]: Removes space shared by an even number of objects (symmetric version of [[Part_Cut|Cut]]).
** [[Image:Part_XOR.svg|32px]] [[Part_XOR|XOR]]: Removes space shared by an even number of objects.


=== Measure ===
=== Measure ===

[[File:Part Measure Menu.png|64px]] [[Part Measure Menu|Measure]]: Tools for linear and angular measurements.


* [[Image:Part_Measure_Linear.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Linear|Measure Linear]]: Creates a linear measurement.
* [[Image:Part_Measure_Linear.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Linear|Measure Linear]]: Creates a linear measurement.
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* [[Image:Part_Measure_Toggle_All.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Toggle_All|Toggle All]]: Shows or hides all measurements.
* [[Image:Part_Measure_Toggle_All.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Toggle_All|Toggle All]]: Shows or hides all measurements.


* [[Image:Part_Measure_Toggle_3d.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Toggle_3d|Toggle 3D]]: Shows or hides 3D measurements.
* [[Image:Part_Measure_Toggle_3D.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Toggle_3D|Toggle 3D]]: Shows or hides 3D measurements.


* [[Image:Part_Measure_Toggle_Delta.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Toggle_Delta|Toggle Delta]]: Shows or hides delta measurements.
* [[Image:Part_Measure_Toggle_Delta.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Toggle_Delta|Toggle Delta]]: Shows or hides delta measurements.


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===其他工具===
===其他工具===
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* [[Image:Part ImportCAD.png|32px]] [[Part ImportCAD|Import CAD]]: 您可利用此工具为当前文档添加*.IGES、*.STEP、*.BREP文档。
* [[Image:Part Import.svg|32px]] [[Part Import/zh-cn|Import]]: 您可利用此工具为当前文档添加*.IGES、*.STEP、*.BREP文档。
* [[Image:Part ExportCAD.png|32px]] [[Part ExportCAD|Export CAD]]: 您可利用此工具将一个零件对象导出至一个*.IGES、*.STEP、*.BREP文件。
* [[Image:Part ShapeFromMesh.png|32px]] [[Part ShapeFromMesh|Shape from Mesh]]: 根据一个网格对象创建一个几何形状对象。
* [[Part ConvertToSolid|Convert to solid]]: 将一个几何形状对象转换为一个实体对象。
* [[Part ReverseShapes|Reverse shapes]]: 调转选中对象所有表面上的法线方向。
* [[Image:Part SimpleCopy‎.svg|32px]] [[Part CreateSimpleCopy|Create simple copy]]: 为选中的对象创建一个简单的副本。
* [[Image:Part RefineShape.png|32px]] [[Part RefineShape|Refine shape]]: 通过去除不必要的线条来清理表面。
* [[Image:Part CheckGeometry.png|32px]] [[Part CheckGeometry|Check geometry]]: 检测选中对象的几何体是否存在错误。
* [[Std Measure Menu|Measure]]: 令用户可以实现点/边/面间的线性测量与角度测量。
* [[Image:Part Attachment.svg|32px]] [[Part Attachment|Attachment]]: 本工具的功能为令一个对象附着于另一对象之上。
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* [[File:Part_Export.svg|32px]] [[Part_Export|Export]]: Exports to *.IGES, *.STEP, or *.BREP files.
* [[File:Part_Export.svg|32px]] [[Part_Export|Export]]: Exports to *.IGES, *.STEP, or *.BREP files.


* [[File:Part_BoxSelection.svg|32px]] [[Part_BoxSelection|BoxSelection]]: Selects faces from a rectangular area.
* [[File:Part_BoxSelection.svg|32px]] [[Part_BoxSelection|Box selection]]: Selects faces from a rectangular area.


* [[File:Part_ShapeFromMesh.svg|32px]] [[Part_ShapeFromMesh|Shape from Mesh]]: Creates a shape object from a mesh object.
* [[File:Part_ShapeFromMesh.svg|32px]] [[Part_ShapeFromMesh|Create shape from mesh]]: Creates a shape object from a mesh object.


* [[File:Part_PointsFromMesh.svg|32px]] [[Part_PointsFromMesh|Points from mesh]]: Creates a shape object made of points from a mesh object. {{Version|0.19}}
* [[File:Part_PointsFromMesh.svg|32px]] [[Part_PointsFromMesh|Create points object from geometry]]: Creates a points object from a geometric object.


* [[File:Part_MakeSolid.svg|32px]] [[Part_MakeSolid|Convert to solid]]: Converts a shape object to a solid object.
* [[File:Part_MakeSolid.svg|32px]] [[Part_MakeSolid|Convert to solid]]: Converts a shape object to a solid object.


* [[File:Part_ReverseShapes.svg|32px]] [[Part_ReverseShapes|Reverse shapes]]: Flips the normals of all faces of selected objects.
* [[File:Part_ReverseShape.svg|32px]] [[Part_ReverseShape|Reverse shapes]]: Flips the normals of all faces of selected objects.


* Create a copy:
* Create a copy:
** [[File:Part_SimpleCopy‎.svg|32px]] [[Part_SimpleCopy|Create simple copy]]: Creates a simple copy of a selected object.
** [[File:Part_SimpleCopy‎.svg|32px]] [[Part_SimpleCopy|Create simple copy]]: Creates a simple copy of a selected object.
** [[File:Part_TransformedCopy.svg|32px]] [[Part_TransformedCopy|Create transformed copy]]: Creates a transformed copy of a selected object. {{Version|0.19}}
** [[File:Part_TransformedCopy.svg|32px]] [[Part_TransformedCopy|Create transformed copy]]: Creates a transformed copy of a selected object.
** [[File:Part_ElementCopy.svg|32px]] [[Part_ElementCopy|Create shape element copy]]: Creates a copy from an element (vertex, edge, face) of a selected object. {{Version|0.19}}
** [[File:Part_ElementCopy.svg|32px]] [[Part_ElementCopy|Create shape element copy]]: Creates a copy from an element (vertex, edge, face) of a selected object.
** [[Image:Part_RefineShape.svg|32px]] [[Part_RefineShape|Refine shape]]: Cleans faces by removing unnecessary lines.
** [[Image:Part_RefineShape.svg|32px]] [[Part_RefineShape|Refine shape]]: Cleans faces by removing unnecessary lines.


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* [[File:Std_SetAppearance.svg|32px]] [[Std_SetAppearance|Appearance]]: Determines the appearance of a whole object (color, transparency etc.).
* [[File:Std_SetAppearance.svg|32px]] [[Std_SetAppearance|Appearance]]: Determines the appearance of a whole object (color, transparency etc.).


* [[File:Part_FaceColors.svg|32px]] [[Part_FaceColors|Set colors]]: Assigns colors to individual faces of objects.
* [[File:Part_ColorPerFace.svg|32px]] [[Part_ColorPerFace|Color per face]]: Assigns colors to individual faces of objects.


<span id="Preferences"></span>
== 首选项 ==
== 首选项 ==


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* [[Image:Preferences-import-export.svg|32px]] [[Import_Export_Preference|Preference ...]] 导入 导出
* [[Image:Preferences-import-export.svg|32px]] [[Import_Export_Preferences|Preference ...]] 导入 导出
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<span id="Scripting"></span>
== 脚本 ==
== 脚本 ==


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<span id="Tutorials"></span>
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== 教程 ==
== 教程 ==

Revision as of 18:05, 13 April 2024


Part workbench icon

Introduction

简介

FreeCAD的实体建模能力都是基于 Open Cascade Technology (OCCT)内核——一种具有创建与处理高级3D几何体等特性的专业级CAD系统。零件工作台(Part Workbench)是一种建立于OCCT库之上的层级,为用户提供了访问OCCT几何图元与函数的功能。每种工作台(如底图工作台, 草图工作台, 零件设计工作台等等)的一切2D与3D绘制功能其实都是基于零件工作台暴露出的函数实现的。因此,可以认为零件工作台是FreeCAD建模功能的核心组件。

A more detailed discussion of Part workbench versus Part Design workbench can be found here: Part and Part Design.

以零件工作台创建的对象相对简单;为了构建更为复杂的几何图形,可以为之运用布尔运算(并集与减运算)。此建模范式就是尽人皆知的构造实体几何 (CSG) 工作流程,它是早期CAD系统中所用的传统方法。另一方面,零件设计工作台(PartDesign Workbench)还提供了更为现代的工作流程来构建几何图形:它利用参数化方式来定义草图,再将其挤压成型为基本的实体对象,最后通过参数化变换(特征编辑)来修改模型,直到用户获取预期的最终模型为止。

零件对象比网格工作台(Mesh Workbench)创建的网格对象更为复杂,因为用户可以对前者执行更为高级的操作,如连续的布尔运算、修改历史与参数化处理。

零件工作台是最基础的层级,它为FreeCAD中的其他工作台暴露出OCCT的各种绘制函数

工具

这些工具皆位于Part菜单。

图元

以下这些工具用于创建图元对象。

  • Box: 根据指定的规格绘制一个立方体
  • Cylinder: 根据指定的规格绘制一个圆柱体
  • Sphere: 根据指定的规格绘制一个球体
  • Cone: 根据指定的规格绘制一个圆锥体
  • Torus: 根据指定的规格绘制一个环面(torus)(圆环 (ring))
  • CreatePrimitives: 一种用于创建各类参数化几何图元的工具
  • Shapebuilder: 一种利用各种参数化几何图元创建更加复杂几何图形的工具
  • Cone: Creates a cone.
  • Tube: Creates a tube.
  • Create primitives...: A tool to create one of the following primitives:
    • Plane: Creates a plane.
    • Box: Creates a box. This object can also be created with the Box tool.
    • Cylinder: Creates a cylinder. This object can also be created with the Cylinder tool.
    • Cone: Creates a cone. This object can also be created with the Cone tool.
    • Sphere: Creates a sphere. This object can also be created with the Sphere tool.
    • Ellipsoid: Creates a ellipsoid.
    • Torus: Creates a torus. This object can also be created with the Torus tool.
    • Prism: Creates a prism.
    • Wedge: Creates a wedge.
    • Helix: Creates a helix.
    • Spiral: Creates a spiral.
    • Circle: Creates a circular arc.
    • Ellipse: Creates an elliptical arc.
    • Point: Creates a point.
    • Line: Creates a line.
    • Regular polygon: Creates a regular polygon.

修改对象

这些工具用于修改已存在的对象。通过它们即可选取待修改的对象。

  • Extrude: 将对象的平面端面挤压成型
  • Revolve: 通过令一(非实体)对象绕某轴旋转来创建另一个实体对象
  • Mirror: 根据指定的镜面对选中的对象进行镜像操作
  • Fillet: 为对象的边倒(圆)角
  • Chamfer: 为对象的边倒角
  • Ruled Surface:
  • Loft: 对轮廓进行放样操作(放样成另一种轮廓)
  • Sweep: 沿路径对一个或多个轮廓进行扫描
  • Revolve: Creates a solid by revolving an object (not a solid) around an axis.
  • Mirror: Mirrors the selected object across a mirror plane.
  • Fillet: Fillets (rounds) edges of an object.
  • Chamfer: Chamfers edges of an object.
  • Loft: Lofts from one profile to another.
  • Sweep: Sweeps one or more profiles along a path.
  • Section: Creates a section by intersecting an object with a section plane.
  • Offset tools:
    • 3D Offset: 根据原始几何形状在特定的距离处构建一个平行的副本。
    • 2D Offset: 根据原始连线在特定的距离处创建一个平行的副本,或者缩放一个平面端面。(v0.17)
  • Thickness: 镂空一个实体,在选中的面上留下开口。
  • Projection on surface: 向表面上投影logo、文本或任意表面、连线、边。可以为投影部分创建一个示例或连线。(v0.19)
  • Attachment: Attaches an object to another object.

Boolean

These tools perform boolean operations.

  • Boolean: 在对象上执行布尔运算
  • Cut: Cuts (subtracts) one object from another.
  • Fuse: Fuses (unions) two or more objects.
  • Common: Extracts the common (intersection) part of two objects.
  • Join features:
    • Connect: Connects interiors of walled objects.
    • Embed: Embeds a walled object into another walled object.
    • Cutout: Creates a cutout in a wall of an object for another walled object.
  • Splitting tools:
    • Boolean fragments: Creates all pieces obtained from Boolean operations.
    • Slice apart: Slices and splits an object by intersecting it with other objects.
    • Slice: Slices an object by intersecting it with other objects.
    • XOR: Removes space shared by an even number of objects.

Measure

其他工具

  • Import: 您可利用此工具为当前文档添加*.IGES、*.STEP、*.BREP文档。
  • Export: Exports to *.IGES, *.STEP, or *.BREP files.

Context menu items

  • Appearance: Determines the appearance of a whole object (color, transparency etc.).

首选项

脚本

参见: 零件脚本

教程