Debian Unstable

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Revision as of 17:53, 24 August 2021 by Kaktus (talk | contribs)

Debian Unstable jest dystrybucją rozwijaną, używaną dla rozwoju dystrybucji Debian i zalecaną dla zaawansowanych użytkowników w rozwijaniu i pakietowaniu programów FreeCAD. Nowe pakiety są gotowe jak tylko zostaną przesłane i zbudowane, chyba, że przesyłający oznaczył je jako Debian Experimental, co wymaga wyraźnej instalacji (po pewnych ustawieniach, aby włączyć dodatkową dystrybucję) poprzez sudo apt install -t experimental <packagename>.

Frequently, people using Debian Testing should actually use Debian Unstable; Debian Testing should only be considered a "QA release pocket", since, while it may appear to be more stable than Unstable, there's actually a downside. New packages are uploaded to Debian Unstable and migrate to Testing after some time, and so security fixes and important packaging changes can be inappropriately delayed.

There are two key things to a good user experience in Unstable. The first is to never blindly run sudo apt full-upgrade or its equivalents without first checking the results of the operation. If it's saying you'll free up hundreds of MB of space, there's a package transition underway which will remove a good portion of your system. Instead, one can safely run sudo apt upgrade and get new packages. Sometimes, this will result in packages being held back, which means it may be appropriate to run full-upgrade as package uninstallation may actually be necessary.

The second key is to embrace that you're taking part in Debian development, and use the appropriate tools and methods. For example, that may mean installing packages like apt-listbugs or apt-listchanges or subscribing to Debian mailing lists like debian-devel-announce@lists.debian.org.

While Debian Unstable is perfectly suitable as a long-term daily driver, it's also very easy to run in a virtual machine, where breakages won't be such a big deal. Simply download a Debian Testing ISO, install it into a VM and update it, and then edit /etc/apt/sources.list to contain something like:

deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ testing main contrib non-free
# deb-src http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ testing main contrib non-free

deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security testing/updates main contrib non-free
# deb-src http://security.debian.org/debian-security testing/updates main contrib non-free

deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ unstable main contrib non-free
# deb-src http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ unstable main contrib non-free

Jeśli chcesz włączyć pakiety z wersji Experimental, umieść poniższe linie w pliku konfiguracyjnym /etc/apt/sources.list.d/experimental.list:

deb http://deb.debian.org/debian experimental main contrib non-free
# deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian experimental main contrib non-free