Sketcher Workbench/ko: Difference between revisions

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|[[Robot_Workbench/ko|로봇 작업대]]
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|[[Spreadsheet_Workbench/ko|스프레드시트 작업대]]
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[[Image:Workbench_Sketcher.svg|thumb|128px|스케치 작업대 아이콘]]
{{VeryImportantMessage|This page has been marked for translation. But it is still a work in progress!!!}}

[[Image:Workbench_Sketcher.svg|thumb|128px|Sketcher workbench icon]]


{{TOCright}}
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== 소개 ==
== 소개 ==


[[Image:Workbench_Sketcher.svg|24px]] 스케치 작업대에서는 다른 작업대에서 사용하기 위한 2D 스케치를 생성할 수 있습니다. 2D 스케치는 많은 CAD 모형의 출발점입니다. 스케치는 일반적으로 3D 형상을 생성하는 작업에 필요한 윤곽선(profile)과 경로를 정의합니다. 모형의 최종 형상은 다수의 스케치에 의존할 수 있습니다.
With the [[Image:Workbench_Sketcher.svg|24px]] [[Sketcher_Workbench|Sketcher Workbench]] 2D sketches intended for use in other workbenches can be created. 2D sketches are the starting point for many CAD models. They typically define the profiles and paths for operations to create 3D shapes. A model may depend on several sketches for its final shape.


[[Image:Workbench_Part.svg|16px]] [[Part Workbench/ko|부품 작업대]]에서 정의된 부울 연산과 함께 스케치 작업대는 고체를 구축하는 [[Constructive_solid_geometry/ko|구성적 고체 기하학(SCG:Constructive Solid Geometry)]]방법의 기초를 형성합니다. 그러나 다른 많은 작업대에서도 스케치를 사용합니다.
Together with boolean operations defined in the [[Image:Workbench_Part.svg|16px]] [[Part Workbench|Part Workbench]], the Sketcher Workbench, or "The Sketcher" for short, forms the basis of the [[Constructive_solid_geometry|constructive solid geometry]] (CSG) method of building solids. Together with [[Image:Workbench_PartDesign.svg|16px]] [[PartDesign_Workbench|PartDesign Workbench]] operations, it also forms the basis of the [[Feature_editing|feature editing]] methodology of creating solids. But many other workbenches use sketches as well.


스케치 작업대에는 2D 도형이 길이, 각도, 관계(수평, 수직, 직각 등) 측면에서 정확한 기하학적 정의를 따를 수 있도록 하는 [[#Constraints|구속]] 기능이 있습니다. 구속 조건 해결사는 2D 기하의 구속 범위를 계산하고 스케치의 자유도를 대화식으로 탐색할 수 있습니다.
The Sketcher workbench features [[#Constraints|constraints]], allowing 2D shapes to follow precise geometrical definitions in terms of length, angles, and relationships (horizontality, verticality, perpendicularity, etc.). A constraint solver calculates the constrained-extent of 2D geometry and allows interactive exploration of the degrees-of-freedom of the sketch.


스케치 작업대는 2D 설계도면 제작용이 아닙니다. 스케치를 사용하여 고체 도형특징을 생성하면 스케치는 자동으로 숨겨지고 구속조건은 스케치 편집 모드에서만 표시됩니다. 인쇄용 2D 뷰만 생성해야 하고 3D 모델을 생성하고 싶지 않은 경우 [[Draft_Workbench/ko|설계제도 작업대]]를 활용하세요.
The Sketcher is not intended for producing 2D blueprints. Once sketches are used to generate a solid feature, they are automatically hidden and Constraints are only visible in Sketch edit mode. If you only need to produce 2D views for print, and don't want to create 3D models, check out the [[Draft_Workbench|Draft workbench]].


[[File:FC_ConstrainedSketch.png|450px]]
[[File:FC_ConstrainedSketch.png|450px]]
{{Caption|A fully constrained sketch}}
{{Caption|완전히 구속된 스케치}}


== Constraints ==
<span id="Constraints"></span>
== 구속 ==


구속은 개체의 자유도를 제한하는 데 사용됩니다. 예를 들어, 구속이 없는 선분의 자유도(Degrees of Freedom 약어로 "DoF")는 4입니다: 수평 또는 수직으로 움직일 수 있고, 늘릴 수 있고, 회전할 수 있습니다.
Constraints are used to limit the degrees of freedom of an object. For example, a line without constraints has 4 degrees of freedom (abbreviated as "DoF"): it can be moved horizontally or vertically, it can be stretched, and it can be rotated.


수평 또는 수직 구속 또는 각도 구속(다른 선 또는 축 중 하나에 대한 기준)을 적용하면 회전 가능성을 제한하게 되고, 따라서 3개의 자유도를 갖게 됩니다. 선분의 양 끝점 중 하나를 원점에 대해 고정하면 2개의 자유도가 추가로 제거됩니다. 치수 구속을 적용하면 마지막 남은 자유도가 제거됩니다. 그러면 선이 '''완전히 구속'''된 것으로 간주됩니다.
Applying a horizontal or vertical constraint, or an angle constraint (relative to another line or to one of the axes), will limit its capacity to rotate, thus leaving it with 3 degrees of freedom. Locking one of its points in relation to the origin will remove another 2 degrees of freedom. And applying a dimension constraint will remove the last degree of freedom. The line is then considered '''fully-constrained'''.


개체는 서로 연관되어 구속될 수 있습니다. 일치점 구속조건을 사용하면 두 선이 해당 점 중 하나를 통해 결합될 수 있습니다. 그들 사이에 각도를 설정하거나 수직으로 설정할 수 있습니다. 선은 호나 원 등에 접할 수 있습니다. 여러 개체가 포함된 복잡한 스케치에는 완전 구속에 이르는 다양한 해결책이 있을 수 있습니다.
Objects can be constrained in relation to one another. Two lines can be joined through one of their points with the coincident point constraint. An angle can be set between them, or they can be set perpendicular. A line can be tangent to an arc or a circle, and so on. A complex Sketch with multiple objects may have a number of different solutions, and making it '''fully-constrained''' can mean that just one of these possible solutions has been reached based on the applied constraints.


구속에는 기하학적 구속과 치수 구속의 두 가지 종류가 있습니다. 아래의 [[#Tools|도구]] 부분에 자세히 설명되어 있습니다.
There are two kinds of constraints: geometric and dimensional. They are detailed in the [[#Tools|Tools]] section below.


<span id="Edit_constraints"></span>
=== Edit constraints ===
=== 구속 편집 ===


When a [[Sketcher_ToggleDrivingConstraint|driving dimensional constraint]] is created, and if the {{MenuCommand|Ask for value after creating a dimensional constraint}} [[Sketcher_Preferences#Display|preference]] is selected (default), a dialog opens to edit its value.
When a [[Sketcher_ToggleDrivingConstraint|driving dimensional constraint]] is created, and if the {{MenuCommand|Ask for value after creating a dimensional constraint}} [[Sketcher_Preferences#Display|preference]] is selected (default), a dialog opens to edit its value.
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Dimensional constraints can be repositioned in the 3D view by dragging. Hold down the left mouse button over the constraint value and move the mouse. The symbols of geometric constraints are positioned automatically and cannot be moved.
Dimensional constraints can be repositioned in the 3D view by dragging. Hold down the left mouse button over the constraint value and move the mouse. The symbols of geometric constraints are positioned automatically and cannot be moved.


<span id="Profile_sketches"></span>
== Profile sketches ==
== 윤곽(Profile) 스케치 ==


고체 생성을 위한 윤곽으로 사용할 수 있는 스케치를 생성하려면 다음과 같은 특정 규칙을 따라야 합니다.
To create a sketch that can be used as a profile for generating solids certain rules must be followed:
* 스케치에는 닫힌 경계선만 포함되어야 합니다. 끝점 사이의 간격은 작더라도 허용되지 않습니다.
* The sketch must contain only closed contours. Gaps between endpoints, however small, are not allowed.
* 경계선을 중첩하여 공백을 만들 수 있지만 스스로 교차하거나 다른 경계선과 교차해서는 안 됩니다.
* Contours can be nested, to create voids, but should not self-intersect or intersect other contours.
* 경계선은 다른 경계선과 모서리를 공유할 수 없습니다. 중복된 모서리는 피해야 합니다.
* Contours cannot share edges with other contours. Duplicate edges must be avoided.
* 공통점을 공유하는 두 개 이상의 모서리 또는 모서리에 닿는 점이 T-연결은 허용되지 않습니다.
* T-connections, that is more than two edges sharing a common point, or a point touching an edge, are not allowed.


이러한 규칙은 편집 모드 외부에 표시되지 않는 보조선(기본 색상 파란색)이나 스케치가 다른 용도로 사용되는 경우에는 적용되지 않습니다. 윤곽 스케치를 사용할 작업대 및 도구에 따라 추가 제한 사항이 적용될 수 있습니다.
These rules do not apply to construction geometry (default color blue), which is not shown outside edit mode, or if the sketch is used for a different purpose. Depending on the workbench and the tool that will use the profile sketch, additional restrictions may apply.


<span id="Drawing_aids"></span>
== Drawing aids ==
== 그리기 보조도구 ==


스케치 작업대에는 기하 요소를 생성하고 구속을 적용할 때 도움이 될 수 있는 여러 가지 그리기 보조 도구와 기타 기능이 있습니다.
The Sketcher Workbench has several drawing aids and other features that can help when creating geometry and applying constraints.


<span id="Continue_modes"></span>
=== Continue modes ===
=== 계속 모드 ===


There are two continue modes: '''Geometry creation "Continue Mode"''' and '''Constraint creation "Continue Mode"'''. If these are checked (default) in the [[Sketcher_Preferences#Display|preferences]], related tools will restart after finishing. To exit an continuous tool press {{KEY|Esc}} or the right mouse button. This must be repeated if a continuous geometry tool has already received input. You can also exit a continuous tool by starting another geometry or constraint creation tool. Note that pressing {{KEY|Esc}} if no tool is active will exit sketch edit mode. Uncheck the '''Esc can leave sketch edit mode''' [[Sketcher_Preferences#General|preference]] if you often inadvertently press {{KEY|Esc}} too many times.
There are two continue modes: '''Geometry creation "Continue Mode"''' and '''Constraint creation "Continue Mode"'''. If these are checked (default) in the [[Sketcher_Preferences#Display|preferences]], related tools will restart after finishing. To exit an continuous tool press {{KEY|Esc}} or the right mouse button. This must be repeated if a continuous geometry tool has already received input. You can also exit a continuous tool by starting another geometry or constraint creation tool. Note that pressing {{KEY|Esc}} if no tool is active will exit sketch edit mode. Uncheck the '''Esc can leave sketch edit mode''' [[Sketcher_Preferences#General|preference]] if you often inadvertently press {{KEY|Esc}} too many times.
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If the '''Show coordinates beside cursor while editing''' [[Sketcher_Preferences#Display|preference]] is checked (default), the parameters of the current geometry tool (coordinates, radius, or length and angle) are displayed next to the cursor. This is deactivated while On-View-Parameters are shown.
If the '''Show coordinates beside cursor while editing''' [[Sketcher_Preferences#Display|preference]] is checked (default), the parameters of the current geometry tool (coordinates, radius, or length and angle) are displayed next to the cursor. This is deactivated while On-View-Parameters are shown.


<span id="Selection_methods"></span>
== Selection methods ==
== 선택 방법 ==


스케치가 편집 모드에 있는 동안 다음 선택 방법을 사용할 수 있습니다:
While a sketch is in edit mode the following selection methods can be used:


=== 3D view element selection ===
=== 3D view element selection ===
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Edges and points can also be selected from the Elements section of the [[Sketcher_Dialog|Sketcher Dialog]], and constraints from the Constraints section of that dialog.
Edges and points can also be selected from the Elements section of the [[Sketcher_Dialog|Sketcher Dialog]], and constraints from the Constraints section of that dialog.


<span id="Copy,_cut_and_paste"></span>
== Copy, cut and paste ==
== 복사, 잘라내기, 붙여넣기 ==


{{Version|1.0}}
{{Version|1.0}}
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The standard keyboard shortcuts, {{KEY|Ctrl}}+{{KEY|C}}, {{KEY|Ctrl}}+{{KEY|X}} and {{KEY|Ctrl}}+{{KEY|V}}, can be used to copy, cut and paste selected Sketcher geometry including related constraints. But these tools are also available from the {{MenuCommand|Sketch → Sketcher tools}} menu. They can be used within the same sketch but also between different sketches or separate instances of FreeCAD. Since the data is copied to the clipboard in the form of Python code, it can be used in other ways too (e.g. shared on the forum).
The standard keyboard shortcuts, {{KEY|Ctrl}}+{{KEY|C}}, {{KEY|Ctrl}}+{{KEY|X}} and {{KEY|Ctrl}}+{{KEY|V}}, can be used to copy, cut and paste selected Sketcher geometry including related constraints. But these tools are also available from the {{MenuCommand|Sketch → Sketcher tools}} menu. They can be used within the same sketch but also between different sketches or separate instances of FreeCAD. Since the data is copied to the clipboard in the form of Python code, it can be used in other ways too (e.g. shared on the forum).


== Tools ==
<span id="Tools"></span>
== 도구 ==


스케치 작업대의 도구는 스케치 메뉴 및/또는 여러 도구 모음에 있습니다. {{Version|0.21}}: 거의 모든 스케치 도구 모음은 스케치가 편집 모드에 있는 동안에만 표시됩니다. 유일한 예외는 편집 모드에 스케치가 없는 경우에만 표시되는 [[#Sketcher_toolbar|스케치 도구 모음]]입니다.
The Sketcher Workbench tools are located in the Sketch menu and/or several toolbars. {{Version|0.21}}: Almost all Sketcher toolbars are only displayed while a sketch is in edit mode. The only exception is the [[#Sketcher_toolbar|Sketcher toolbar]] which is only displayed if no sketch is in edit mode.


일부 도구는 스케치가 편집 모드에 있는 동안 [[3D_view/ko|3D 보기]] 상황에 맞는 메뉴나 [[Sketcher_Dialog/ko|스케치 대화상자]]의 상황에 맞는 메뉴에서도 사용할 수 있습니다.
Some tools are also available from the [[3D_view|3D view]] context menu while a sketch is in edit mode, or from the context menus of the [[Sketcher_Dialog|Sketcher Dialog]].


{{Version|0.21}}: 스케치가 편집 모드에 있는 경우 구조 도구 모음은 해당 도구를 사용할 수 없으므로 숨겨집니다.
{{Version|0.21}}: If a sketch is in edit mode the Structure toolbar is hidden as none of its tools can then be used.


=== General ===
<span id="General"></span>
===일반===


<span id="Sketcher_toolbar"></span>
==== Sketcher toolbar ====
==== 스케치 도구 모음 ====


* [[Image:Sketcher_NewSketch.svg‎‎|32px]] [[Sketcher_NewSketch|Create sketch]]: Creates a new sketch and opens the [[Sketcher_Dialog|Sketcher Dialog]] to edit it.
* [[Image:Sketcher_NewSketch.svg‎‎|32px]] [[Sketcher_NewSketch|Create sketch]]: Creates a new sketch and opens the [[Sketcher_Dialog|Sketcher Dialog]] to edit it.
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* [[Image:Sketcher_CreatePoint.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreatePoint|Point]]: Creates a point.
* [[Image:Sketcher_CreatePoint.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreatePoint|Point]]: Creates a point.


* <span id="Sketcher_CompLine">[[Image:Sketcher_CreatePolyline.svg|x32px]][[Image:Toolbar_flyout_arrow_blue_background.svg|x32px]] Create (poly)line:</span><!--Do not edit span id: the Sketcher_CompLine pages redirect here-->
* [[Image:Sketcher_CreatePolyline.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreatePolyline|Polyline]]: Creates a series of line and arc segments connected by their endpoints. The tool has several modes.

:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreatePolyline.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreatePolyline|Polyline]]: Creates a series of line and arc segments connected by their endpoints. The tool has several modes.


:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateLine.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateLine|Line]]: Creates a line. {{Version|1.0}}: The tool has three modes.
* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateLine.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateLine|Line]]: Creates a line. {{Version|1.0}}: The tool has three modes.


* <span id="Sketcher_CompCreateArc">[[Image:Sketcher_CreateArc.svg|x32px]][[Image:Toolbar_flyout_arrow_blue_background.svg|x32px]] Create arc:</span><!--Do not edit span id: the Sketcher_CompCreateArc pages redirect here-->
* <span id="Sketcher_CompCreateArc">[[Image:Sketcher_CreateArc.svg|x32px]][[Image:Toolbar_flyout_arrow_blue_background.svg|x32px]] Create arc:</span><!--Do not edit span id: the Sketcher_CompCreateArc pages redirect here-->
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* [[File:Sketcher_RectangularArray.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_RectangularArray|Rectangular array]]: Creates an array of selected Sketcher elements. Not available in {{VersionPlus|1.0}}.
* [[File:Sketcher_RectangularArray.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_RectangularArray|Rectangular array]]: Creates an array of selected Sketcher elements. Not available in {{VersionPlus|1.0}}.


== Preferences ==
<span id="Preferences"></span>
== 환경설정 ==


* [[Image:Workbench_Sketcher.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Preferences|Preferences]]: Preferences for the Sketcher Workbench.
* [[Image:Workbench_Sketcher.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Preferences/ko|환경 설정]]: 스케치 작업대의 기본 설정입니다.


<span id="Best_practices"></span>
== Best practices ==
== 모범 사례 ==


모든 CAD 사용자는 시간이 지남에 따라 자신만의 작업 방식을 개발하지만 따라야 할 몇 가지 유용한 일반 원칙이 있습니다.
Every CAD user develops their own way of working over time, but there are some useful general principles to follow.


* 일련의 간단한 스케치는 복잡한 단일 스케치보다 관리하기가 더 쉽습니다. 예를 들어, 첫 번째 스케치는 기본 3D 도형의 특징(깔판 또는 회전)을 위해 만들고 두 번째 스케치에는 구멍이나 잘라내기(오목 자리)를 포함할 수 있습니다. 일부 세부 사항은 나중에 3D 도형특징으로 구현하기 위해 생략할 수 있습니다. 스케치에 모깎기가 너무 많은 경우 이를 피하고 3D 도형특징으로 추가하도록 선택할 수 있습니다.
* A series of simple sketches is easier to manage than a single complex one. For example, a first sketch can be created for the base 3D feature (either a pad or a revolve), while a second one can contain holes or cutouts (pockets). Some details can be left out, to be realized later on as 3D features. You can choose to avoid fillets in your sketch if there are too many, and add them as a 3D feature.
* Always create a closed profile, or your sketch won't produce a solid, but rather a set of open faces. If you don't want some of the objects to be included in the solid creation, turn them to construction elements with the Construction Mode tool.
* Always create a closed profile, or your sketch won't produce a solid, but rather a set of open faces. If you don't want some of the objects to be included in the solid creation, turn them to construction elements with the Construction Mode tool.
* Use the Auto constraints feature to limit the number of constraints you'll have to add manually.
* Use the Auto constraints feature to limit the number of constraints you'll have to add manually.
* As a general rule, apply geometric constraints first, then dimensional constraints, and lock your sketch last. But remember: rules are made to be broken. If you're having trouble manipulating your sketch, it may be useful to constrain a few objects first before completing your profile.
* As a general rule, apply geometric constraints first, then dimensional constraints, and lock your sketch last. But remember: rules are made to be broken. If you're having trouble manipulating your sketch, it may be useful to constrain a few objects first before completing your profile.
* If possible, center your sketch to the origin (0,0) with the Lock constraint. If your sketch is not symmetric, locate one of its points to the origin, or choose nice round numbers for the lock distances.
* If possible, center your sketch at the origin (0,0) with the Lock constraint. If your sketch is not symmetric, locate one of its points at the origin, or choose nice round numbers for the lock distances.
* If you have the possibility to choose between the Length constraint and the Horizontal or Vertical distance constraints, prefer the latter. Horizontal and Vertical distance constraints are computationally cheaper.
* If you have the possibility to choose between the Length constraint and the Horizontal or Vertical distance constraints, prefer the latter. Horizontal and Vertical distance constraints are computationally cheaper.
* In general, the best constraints to use are: Horizontal and Vertical constraints; Horizontal and Vertical length constraints; point-to-point Tangency. If possible, limit the use of these: the general Length constraint; edge-to-edge Tangency; Point on object constraint; Symmetric constraint.
* In general, the best constraints to use are: Horizontal and Vertical constraints; Horizontal and Vertical length constraints; point-to-point Tangency. If possible, limit the use of these: the general Length constraint; edge-to-edge Tangency; Point on object constraint; Symmetric constraint.
* If in doubt about the validity of a sketch once it is complete (features turn green), close the Sketcher dialog and use [[File:Sketcher_ValidateSketch.svg|24px]] [[Sketcher_ValidateSketch|Validate sketch]].
* If in doubt about the validity of a sketch once it is complete (features turn green), close the Sketcher dialog and use [[File:Sketcher_ValidateSketch.svg|24px]] [[Sketcher_ValidateSketch|Validate sketch]].


== Tutorials ==
<span id="Tutorials"></span>
== 자습서 ==


* [https://forum.freecadweb.org/viewtopic.php?f=36&t=30104 Sketcher Lecture] by chrisb. This is a more than 80 page PDF document that serves as a detailed manual for the Sketcher. It explains the basics of Sketcher usage, and goes into a lot of detail about the creation of geometrical shapes, and each of the constraints.
* [https://forum.freecadweb.org/viewtopic.php?f=36&t=30104 Sketcher Lecture] by chrisb. This is a more than 80 page PDF document that serves as a detailed manual for the Sketcher. It explains the basics of Sketcher usage, and goes into a lot of detail about the creation of geometrical shapes, and each of the constraints.
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Latest revision as of 15:10, 26 June 2024

스케치 작업대 아이콘

소개

스케치 작업대에서는 다른 작업대에서 사용하기 위한 2D 스케치를 생성할 수 있습니다. 2D 스케치는 많은 CAD 모형의 출발점입니다. 스케치는 일반적으로 3D 형상을 생성하는 작업에 필요한 윤곽선(profile)과 경로를 정의합니다. 모형의 최종 형상은 다수의 스케치에 의존할 수 있습니다.

부품 작업대에서 정의된 부울 연산과 함께 스케치 작업대는 고체를 구축하는 구성적 고체 기하학(SCG:Constructive Solid Geometry)방법의 기초를 형성합니다. 그러나 다른 많은 작업대에서도 스케치를 사용합니다.

스케치 작업대에는 2D 도형이 길이, 각도, 관계(수평, 수직, 직각 등) 측면에서 정확한 기하학적 정의를 따를 수 있도록 하는 구속 기능이 있습니다. 구속 조건 해결사는 2D 기하의 구속 범위를 계산하고 스케치의 자유도를 대화식으로 탐색할 수 있습니다.

스케치 작업대는 2D 설계도면 제작용이 아닙니다. 스케치를 사용하여 고체 도형특징을 생성하면 스케치는 자동으로 숨겨지고 구속조건은 스케치 편집 모드에서만 표시됩니다. 인쇄용 2D 뷰만 생성해야 하고 3D 모델을 생성하고 싶지 않은 경우 설계제도 작업대를 활용하세요.

완전히 구속된 스케치

구속

구속은 개체의 자유도를 제한하는 데 사용됩니다. 예를 들어, 구속이 없는 선분의 자유도(Degrees of Freedom 약어로 "DoF")는 4입니다: 수평 또는 수직으로 움직일 수 있고, 늘릴 수 있고, 회전할 수 있습니다.

수평 또는 수직 구속 또는 각도 구속(다른 선 또는 축 중 하나에 대한 기준)을 적용하면 회전 가능성을 제한하게 되고, 따라서 3개의 자유도를 갖게 됩니다. 선분의 양 끝점 중 하나를 원점에 대해 고정하면 2개의 자유도가 추가로 제거됩니다. 치수 구속을 적용하면 마지막 남은 자유도가 제거됩니다. 그러면 선이 완전히 구속된 것으로 간주됩니다.

개체는 서로 연관되어 구속될 수 있습니다. 일치점 구속조건을 사용하면 두 선이 해당 점 중 하나를 통해 결합될 수 있습니다. 그들 사이에 각도를 설정하거나 수직으로 설정할 수 있습니다. 선은 호나 원 등에 접할 수 있습니다. 여러 개체가 포함된 복잡한 스케치에는 완전 구속에 이르는 다양한 해결책이 있을 수 있습니다.

구속에는 기하학적 구속과 치수 구속의 두 가지 종류가 있습니다. 아래의 도구 부분에 자세히 설명되어 있습니다.

구속 편집

When a driving dimensional constraint is created, and if the Ask for value after creating a dimensional constraint preference is selected (default), a dialog opens to edit its value.

Sketcher_Edit_Constraint.png

You can enter a numerical value or an expression, and it is possible to name the constraint to facilitate its use in other expressions. You can also check the Reference checkbox to switch the constrain to reference mode.

To edit the value of an existing dimensional constraint do one of the following:

  • Double-click the constraint value in the 3D view.
  • Double-click the constraint in the Sketcher Dialog.
  • Right-click the constraint in the Sketcher Dialog and select the Change value option from the context menu.

Reposition constraints

Dimensional constraints can be repositioned in the 3D view by dragging. Hold down the left mouse button over the constraint value and move the mouse. The symbols of geometric constraints are positioned automatically and cannot be moved.

윤곽(Profile) 스케치

고체 생성을 위한 윤곽으로 사용할 수 있는 스케치를 생성하려면 다음과 같은 특정 규칙을 따라야 합니다.

  • 스케치에는 닫힌 경계선만 포함되어야 합니다. 끝점 사이의 간격은 작더라도 허용되지 않습니다.
  • 경계선을 중첩하여 공백을 만들 수 있지만 스스로 교차하거나 다른 경계선과 교차해서는 안 됩니다.
  • 경계선은 다른 경계선과 모서리를 공유할 수 없습니다. 중복된 모서리는 피해야 합니다.
  • 공통점을 공유하는 두 개 이상의 모서리 또는 모서리에 닿는 점이 T-연결은 허용되지 않습니다.

이러한 규칙은 편집 모드 외부에 표시되지 않는 보조선(기본 색상 파란색)이나 스케치가 다른 용도로 사용되는 경우에는 적용되지 않습니다. 윤곽 스케치를 사용할 작업대 및 도구에 따라 추가 제한 사항이 적용될 수 있습니다.

그리기 보조도구

스케치 작업대에는 기하 요소를 생성하고 구속을 적용할 때 도움이 될 수 있는 여러 가지 그리기 보조 도구와 기타 기능이 있습니다.

계속 모드

There are two continue modes: Geometry creation "Continue Mode" and Constraint creation "Continue Mode". If these are checked (default) in the preferences, related tools will restart after finishing. To exit an continuous tool press Esc or the right mouse button. This must be repeated if a continuous geometry tool has already received input. You can also exit a continuous tool by starting another geometry or constraint creation tool. Note that pressing Esc if no tool is active will exit sketch edit mode. Uncheck the Esc can leave sketch edit mode preference if you often inadvertently press Esc too many times.

Auto constraints

In sketches that have Auto constraints checked (default) several constraints are applied automatically. The icon of a proposed automatic constraint is shown next to the cursor when it is placed correctly. Left-Clicking will then apply that constraint. This is a per-sketch setting that can be changed in the Sketcher Dialog or by changing the 보기Autoconstraints property of the sketch.

The following constraints are applied automatically:

Snapping

introduced in version 0.21

It is possible to snap to grid lines and grid intersection, to edges of geometry and midpoints of lines and arcs, and to certain angles. Please note that snapping does not produce constraints in and of itself. For example, only if Auto constraints is switched on will snapping to an edge produce a Point on object constraint. But just picking a point on the edge would then have the same result.

On-View-Parameters

introduced in version 1.0

Depending on the selected option in the preferences only the dimensional On-View-Parameters or both the dimensional and the positional On-View-Parameters can be enabled. Positional parameters allow the input of exact coordinates, for example the center of a circle, or the start point of a line. Dimensional parameters allow the input of exact dimensions, for example the radius of a circle, or the length and angle of a line. On-View-Parameters are not available for all tools.

Determining the center point of a circle with the positional parameters enabled

Determining the radius of a circle with the dimensional parameters enabled

If values are entered and confirmed by pressing Enter or Tab, related constraints are added automatically. If two parameters are displayed at the same time, for example the X and Y coordinate of a point, it is possible to enter one value and pick a point to define the other. Depending on the object additional constraints may be required to fully constrain it. Constraints resulting from On-View-Parameters take precedence over those that may result from Auto constraints.

Arc created by entering all On-View-Parameters with resulting automatically created constraints

Coordinate display

If the Show coordinates beside cursor while editing preference is checked (default), the parameters of the current geometry tool (coordinates, radius, or length and angle) are displayed next to the cursor. This is deactivated while On-View-Parameters are shown.

선택 방법

스케치가 편집 모드에 있는 동안 다음 선택 방법을 사용할 수 있습니다:

3D view element selection

As elsewhere in FreeCAD, an element can be selected in the 3D view with a single left mouse click. But there is no need to hold down the Ctrl key when selecting multiple elements. Holding down that key is possible though and has the advantage that you can miss-click without losing the selection. Edges, points and constraints can be selected in this manner.

3D view box selection

Box selection in the 3D view works without using Std BoxSelection or Std BoxElementSelection:

  1. Make sure that no tool is active.
  2. Do one of the following:
    • Click in an empty area and drag a rectangle from left to right to select elements that lie completely inside the rectangle.
    • Click in an empty area and drag a rectangle from right to left to also select elements that touch or cross the rectangle.

You can box-select edges and points, constraints cannot be box-selected.

3D view connected geometry selection

introduced in version 1.0

Double-clicking an edge in the 3D view will select all edges directly and indirectly connected with that edge via endpoints. There is no need for the edges to be connected with Coincident constraints, endpoints need only have the same coordinates.

Sketcher Dialog selection

Edges and points can also be selected from the Elements section of the Sketcher Dialog, and constraints from the Constraints section of that dialog.

복사, 잘라내기, 붙여넣기

introduced in version 1.0

The standard keyboard shortcuts, Ctrl+C, Ctrl+X and Ctrl+V, can be used to copy, cut and paste selected Sketcher geometry including related constraints. But these tools are also available from the Sketch → Sketcher tools menu. They can be used within the same sketch but also between different sketches or separate instances of FreeCAD. Since the data is copied to the clipboard in the form of Python code, it can be used in other ways too (e.g. shared on the forum).

도구

스케치 작업대의 도구는 스케치 메뉴 및/또는 여러 도구 모음에 있습니다. introduced in version 0.21: 거의 모든 스케치 도구 모음은 스케치가 편집 모드에 있는 동안에만 표시됩니다. 유일한 예외는 편집 모드에 스케치가 없는 경우에만 표시되는 스케치 도구 모음입니다.

일부 도구는 스케치가 편집 모드에 있는 동안 3D 보기 상황에 맞는 메뉴나 스케치 대화상자의 상황에 맞는 메뉴에서도 사용할 수 있습니다.

introduced in version 0.21: 스케치가 편집 모드에 있는 경우 구조 도구 모음은 해당 도구를 사용할 수 없으므로 숨겨집니다.

일반

스케치 도구 모음

  • Edit sketch: Opens the Sketcher Dialog to edit an existing sketch.
  • Reorient sketch: Places a sketch on one of the main planes with an optional offset. It can also be used to detach a sketch.
  • Validate sketch: Can analyze and repair a sketch that is no longer editable or has invalid constraints, or add missing coincident constraints.
  • Mirror sketch: Mirrors sketches across their X axis, Y axis, or origin.

Sketcher Edit Mode toolbar

  • View section: Toggles a temporary section plane that hides any objects and parts of objects in front of the sketch plane.

Sketcher edit tools toolbar

Other

  • Stop operation: Stops any currently running geometry or constraint creation tool.

Sketcher geometries

These are tools for creating objects.

  • Polyline: Creates a series of line and arc segments connected by their endpoints. The tool has several modes.
  • Create arc:
  • Create circle/ellipse:
  • Ellipse by center: Creates an ellipse by its center, an endpoint of one of its axes, and a point along the ellipse. introduced in version 1.0: Or by both endpoints of one of its axes and a point along the ellipse.
  • Create rectangle:
  • Create regular polygon:
  • Square: Creates a square. Idem.
  • Octagon: Creates an octagon. Idem.
  • Regular polygon: Creates a regular polygon. The number of sides can be specified.
  • Create slot:
  • Slot: Creates a slot.
  • Create B-spline:
  • Toggle construction geometry: Either toggles the geometry creation tools to/from construction mode, or toggles selected geometry to/from construction geometry.

Sketcher constraints

These are tools for creating constraints. Some constraints require the use of Helper constraints.

  • Dimensional constraints:
  • Dimension: Is the context-sensitive constraint tool of the Sketcher Workbench. Based on the current selection, it offers appropriate dimensional constraints, but also geometric constraints. introduced in version 1.0
  • Horizontal distance: Fixes the horizontal distance between two points or the endpoints of a line. If a single point is pre-selected, the distance is relative to the origin of the sketch.
  • Vertical distance: Fixes the vertical distance between two points or the endpoints of a line. If a single point is pre-selected, the distance is relative to the origin of the sketch.
  • Distance: Fixes the length of a line, the distance between two points, the perpendicular distance between a point and a line; or, introduced in version 0.21, the distance between the edges of two circles or arcs, or between the edge of a circle or arc and a line; or, introduced in version 1.0, the length of an arc.
  • Auto radius/diameter: Fixes the radius of arcs and B-spline weight circles, and the diameter of circles.
  • Radius: Fixes the radius of circles, arcs and B-spline weight circles.
  • Diameter: Fixes the diameter of circles and arcs.
  • Angle: Fixes the angle between two edges, the angle of a line with the horizontal axis of the sketch, or the aperture angle of a circular arc.
  • Lock: Applies Horizontal distance and Vertical distance constraints to points. If a single point is selected the constraints reference the origin of the sketch. If two or more points are selected the constraints reference the last point in the selection.
  • Coincident: Creates a coincident constraint between points, or a concentric constraint.
  • Horizontal/vertical constraints:
  • Horizontal: Constrains lines or pairs of points to be horizontal.
  • Vertical: Constrains lines or pairs of points to be vertical.
  • Parallel: Constrains lines to be parallel.
  • Perpendicular: Constrains two lines to be perpendicular, or two edges, or an edge and an axis, to be perpendicular at their intersection. The constraint can also connect two edges, forcing them to be perpendicular at the joint.
  • Tangent or collinear: Constrains two edges, or an edge and an axis, to be tangent. The constraint can also connect two edges, forcing them to be tangent at the joint. If two lines are selected they are made collinear.
  • Equal: Constrains edges to have an equal length (lines) or curvature (other edges except B-splines).
  • Symmetric: Constrains two points to be symmetrical around a line or axis, or around a third point.
  • Block: Blocks edges in place with a single constraint. It is mainly intended for B-splines.
  • Refraction (Snell's law): Constrains two lines to follow the law of refraction of light as it penetrates through an interface.
  • Toggle constraints:
  • Toggle driving/reference constraint: Toggles the dimensional constraint creation tools between driving and reference mode, or toggles selected dimensional constraints between those modes.

Sketcher tools

  • Create fillet/chamfer:
  • Edit edge:
  • Trim: Trims an edge at the nearest intersections with other edges.
  • Split: Splits an edge while transferring most constraints.
  • Extend: Extends or shortens a line or an arc to an arbitrary location, or to a target edge or point.
  • External geometry: Projects edges and/or vertices belonging to objects outside the sketch onto the sketch plane.
  • Carbon copy: Copies all geometry and constraints from another sketch into the active sketch.
  • Symmetry: Creates mirrored copies of selected elements.

Sketcher B-spline tools

  • Insert knot: Inserts a knot into a B-spline or increases the multiplicity of an existing knot.

Sketcher visual

  • Show/hide B-spline information layer:

Obsolete tools

  • Clone: Clones a Sketcher element. Not available in version 1.0 and above.
  • Close shape: Creates a closed shape by applying coincident constraints to endpoints. Not available in version 0.21 and above.
  • Corner-preserving fillet: Creates a fillet between two non-parallel lines while preserving their corner point. Not available in version 1.0 and above.
  • Connect edges: Connect Sketcher elements by applying coincident constraints to endpoints. Not available in version 0.21 and above.
  • Copy: Copies a Sketcher element. Not available in version 1.0 and above.
  • Move: Moves the selected geometry taking as reference the last selected point. Not available in version 1.0 and above.
  • Rectangular array: Creates an array of selected Sketcher elements. Not available in version 1.0 and above.

환경설정

모범 사례

모든 CAD 사용자는 시간이 지남에 따라 자신만의 작업 방식을 개발하지만 따라야 할 몇 가지 유용한 일반 원칙이 있습니다.

  • 일련의 간단한 스케치는 복잡한 단일 스케치보다 관리하기가 더 쉽습니다. 예를 들어, 첫 번째 스케치는 기본 3D 도형의 특징(깔판 또는 회전)을 위해 만들고 두 번째 스케치에는 구멍이나 잘라내기(오목 자리)를 포함할 수 있습니다. 일부 세부 사항은 나중에 3D 도형특징으로 구현하기 위해 생략할 수 있습니다. 스케치에 모깎기가 너무 많은 경우 이를 피하고 3D 도형특징으로 추가하도록 선택할 수 있습니다.
  • Always create a closed profile, or your sketch won't produce a solid, but rather a set of open faces. If you don't want some of the objects to be included in the solid creation, turn them to construction elements with the Construction Mode tool.
  • Use the Auto constraints feature to limit the number of constraints you'll have to add manually.
  • As a general rule, apply geometric constraints first, then dimensional constraints, and lock your sketch last. But remember: rules are made to be broken. If you're having trouble manipulating your sketch, it may be useful to constrain a few objects first before completing your profile.
  • If possible, center your sketch at the origin (0,0) with the Lock constraint. If your sketch is not symmetric, locate one of its points at the origin, or choose nice round numbers for the lock distances.
  • If you have the possibility to choose between the Length constraint and the Horizontal or Vertical distance constraints, prefer the latter. Horizontal and Vertical distance constraints are computationally cheaper.
  • In general, the best constraints to use are: Horizontal and Vertical constraints; Horizontal and Vertical length constraints; point-to-point Tangency. If possible, limit the use of these: the general Length constraint; edge-to-edge Tangency; Point on object constraint; Symmetric constraint.
  • If in doubt about the validity of a sketch once it is complete (features turn green), close the Sketcher dialog and use Validate sketch.

자습서

Scripting

The Sketcher scripting page contains examples on how to create constraints from Python scripts.

Examples

For some ideas of what can be achieved with Sketcher tools, have a look at: Sketcher examples.