Sketcher Workbench: Difference between revisions

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{{VeryImportantMessage|This page has been marked for translation. But it is still a work in progress!!!}}


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With the FreeCAD [[Image:Workbench_Sketcher.svg|24px]] [[Sketcher_Workbench|Sketcher Workbench]] 2D sketches intended for use in other workbenches can be created. 2D sketches are the starting point for many CAD models. They typically define the profiles and paths for operations to create 3D shapes. A model may depend on several sketches for its final shape.
With the [[Image:Workbench_Sketcher.svg|24px]] [[Sketcher_Workbench|Sketcher Workbench]] 2D sketches intended for use in other workbenches can be created. 2D sketches are the starting point for many CAD models. They typically define the profiles and paths for operations to create 3D shapes. A model may depend on several sketches for its final shape.


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Together with boolean operations defined in the [[Image:Workbench_Part.svg|16px]] [[Part Workbench|Part Workbench]], the Sketcher Workbench, or "The Sketcher" for short, forms the basis of the [[constructive solid geometry|constructive solid geometry]] (CSG) method of building solids. Together with [[Image:Workbench_PartDesign.svg|16px]] [[PartDesign_Workbench|PartDesign Workbench]] operations, it also forms the basis of the [[feature editing|feature editing]] methodology of creating solids. But many other workbenches use sketches as well.
Together with boolean operations defined in the [[Image:Workbench_Part.svg|16px]] [[Part Workbench|Part Workbench]], the Sketcher Workbench, or "The Sketcher" for short, forms the basis of the [[constructive solid geometry|constructive solid geometry]] (CSG) method of building solids. Together with [[Image:Workbench_PartDesign.svg|16px]] [[PartDesign_Workbench|PartDesign Workbench]] operations, it also forms the basis of the [[feature editing|feature editing]] methodology of creating solids. But many other workbenches use sketches as well.


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The Sketcher workbench features [[#What_are_constraints?|constraints]], allowing 2D shapes to follow precise geometrical definitions in terms of length, angles, and relationships (horizontality, verticality, perpendicularity, etc.). A constraint solver calculates the constrained-extent of 2D geometry and allows interactive exploration of the degrees-of-freedom of the sketch.
The Sketcher workbench features [[#Constraints|constraints]], allowing 2D shapes to follow precise geometrical definitions in terms of length, angles, and relationships (horizontality, verticality, perpendicularity, etc.). A constraint solver calculates the constrained-extent of 2D geometry and allows interactive exploration of the degrees-of-freedom of the sketch.


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{{Caption|A fully constrained sketch}}
{{Caption|A fully constrained sketch}}


== Constraints ==
== Constraints == <!--T:199-->


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Constraints are used to limit the degrees of freedom of an object. For example, a line without constraints has 4 Degrees Of Freedom (abbreviated as "DoF"): it can be moved horizontally or vertically, it can be stretched, and it can be rotated.
Constraints are used to limit the degrees of freedom of an object. For example, a line without constraints has 4 degrees of freedom (abbreviated as "DoF"): it can be moved horizontally or vertically, it can be stretched, and it can be rotated.


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There are two kinds of constraints: geometric and dimensional. They are detailed in the [[#Tools|Tools]] section below.
There are two kinds of constraints: geometric and dimensional. They are detailed in the [[#Tools|Tools]] section below.


=== Driving vs. reference constraints ===
=== Edit constraints === <!--T:201-->

=== Edit constraints ===


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When a [[Sketcher_ToggleDrivingConstraint|driving constraint]] is created, and if the {{MenuCommand|Ask for value after creating a dimensional constraint}} [[Sketcher_Preferences#Display|preference]] is selected (default), a dialog opens to edit its value.
When a [[Sketcher_ToggleDrivingConstraint|driving dimensional constraint]] is created, and if the {{MenuCommand|Ask for value after creating a dimensional constraint}} [[Sketcher_Preferences#Display|preference]] is selected (default), a dialog opens to edit its value.


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[[Image:Sketcher_Edit_Constraint.png|Sketcher_Edit_Constraint.png]]
[[Image:Sketcher_Edit_Constraint.png|Sketcher_Edit_Constraint.png]]


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You can enter a numerical value or an [[Expressions|expression]], and it is possible to name the constraint to facilitate its use in other expressions. You can also check the {{MenuCommand|Reference}} checkbox to switch the constrain to reference mode.
You can enter a numerical value or an [[Expressions|expression]], and it is possible to name the constraint to facilitate its use in other expressions. You can also check the {{MenuCommand|Reference}} checkbox to switch the constrain to reference mode.


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To edit the value of an existing dimensional constraint do one of the following:
To edit the value of an existing dimensional constraint do one of the following:
* Double-click the constraint value in the [[3D_view|3D view]].
* Double-click the constraint value in the [[3D_view|3D view]].
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* Right-click the constraint in the Sketcher Dialog and select the {{MenuCommand|Change value}} option from the context menu.
* Right-click the constraint in the Sketcher Dialog and select the {{MenuCommand|Change value}} option from the context menu.


=== Reposition constraints ===
=== Reposition constraints === <!--T:206-->


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Constraints can be repositioned in the 3D view by dragging. Hold down the left mouse button over the constraint value and move the mouse.
Dimensional constraints can be repositioned in the 3D view by dragging. Hold down the left mouse button over the constraint value and move the mouse. The symbols of geometric constraints are positioned automatically and cannot be moved.


== Profile sketches ==
== Profile sketches == <!--T:208-->


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To create a sketch that can be used as a profile for generating solids certain rules must be followed:
To create a sketch that can be used as a profile for generating solids certain rules must be followed:
* The sketch must contain only closed contours. Gaps between endpoints, however small, are not allowed.
* The sketch must contain only closed contours. Gaps between endpoints, however small, are not allowed.
* Contours can be nested, to create voids, but should not self-intersect or intersect other contours.
* Contours can be nested, to create voids, but should not self-intersect or intersect other contours.
* Contours cannot share edges with other contours. Duplicate edges should be avoided.
* Contours cannot share edges with other contours. Duplicate edges must be avoided.
* T-connections, that is more than two edges sharing a common point, or a point touching an edge, are not allowed.
* T-connections, that is more than two edges sharing a common point, or a point touching an edge, are not allowed.


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These rules do not apply to construction geometry (default color blue), which is not shown outside edit mode, or if the sketch is used for a different purpose. Depending on the workbench and the tool that will use the profile sketch, additional restrictions may apply.
These rules do not apply to construction geometry (default color blue), which is not shown outside edit mode, or if the sketch is used for a different purpose. Depending on the workbench and the tool that will use the profile sketch, additional restrictions may apply.


== Drawing aids ==
== Drawing aids == <!--T:211-->


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The Sketcher Workbench has several drawing aids and other features that can help when creating geometry and applying constraints.
The Sketcher Workbench has several drawing aids and other features that can help when creating geometry and applying constraints.


=== Continue modes ===
=== Continue modes === <!--T:213-->


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There are two continue modes: '''Geometry creation "Continue Mode"''' and '''Constraint creation "Continue Mode"'''. If these are checked (default) in the [[Sketcher_Preferences#Display|preferences]], related tools will restart after finishing. To exit an continuous tool press {{KEY|Esc}} or the right mouse button. This must be repeated if a continuous geometry tool has already received input. You can also exit a continuous tool by starting another geometry or constraint creation tool. Note that pressing {{KEY|Esc}} if no tool is active will exit sketch edit mode. Uncheck the '''Esc can leave sketch edit mode''' [[Sketcher_Preferences#General|preference]] if you often inadvertently press {{KEY|Esc}} too many times.
There are two continue modes: '''Geometry creation "Continue Mode"''' and '''Constraint creation "Continue Mode"'''. If these are checked (default) in the [[Sketcher_Preferences#Display|preferences]], related tools will restart after finishing. To exit an continuous tool press {{KEY|Esc}} or the right mouse button. This must be repeated if a continuous geometry tool has already received input. You can also exit a continuous tool by starting another geometry or constraint creation tool. Note that pressing {{KEY|Esc}} if no tool is active will exit sketch edit mode. Uncheck the '''Esc can leave sketch edit mode''' [[Sketcher_Preferences#General|preference]] if you often inadvertently press {{KEY|Esc}} too many times.


=== Auto constraints ===
=== Auto constraints === <!--T:215-->


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In sketches that have '''Auto constraints''' checked (default) several constraints are applied automatically. This is a per-sketch setting that can be changed in the [[Sketcher_Dialog#Constraints|Sketcher Dialog]] or by changing the {{PropertyView|Autoconstraints}} [[Property_editor|property]] of the sketch.
In sketches that have '''Auto constraints''' checked (default) several constraints are applied automatically. The icon of a proposed automatic constraint is shown next to the cursor when it is placed correctly. Left-Clicking will then apply that constraint. This is a per-sketch setting that can be changed in the [[Sketcher_Dialog#Constraints|Sketcher Dialog]] or by changing the {{PropertyView|Autoconstraints}} [[Property_editor|property]] of the sketch.


The following constraints are applied automatically:
=== Snapping ===
* [[Image:Sketcher_ConstrainCoincident.svg|16px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainCoincident|Coincident]]
* [[Image:Sketcher_ConstrainPointOnObject.svg|16px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainPointOnObject|Point on object]]
* [[Image:Sketcher_ConstrainHorizontal.svg|16px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainHorizontal|Horizontal]]
* [[Image:Sketcher_ConstrainVertical.svg|16px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainVertical|Vertical]]
* [[Image:Sketcher_ConstrainTangent.svg|16px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainTangent|Tangent]]
* {{Version|1.0}}: [[Image:Sketcher_ConstrainSymmetric.svg|16px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainSymmetric|Symmetric]] (line midpoint)


=== Snapping === <!--T:217-->

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{{Version|0.21}}
{{Version|0.21}}


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It is possible to [[Sketcher_Snap|snap]] to grid lines and grid intersection, to edges of geometry and midpoints of lines and arcs, and to certain angles. Please note that snapping does not produce constraints in and of itself. For example, only if Auto constraints is switched on will snapping to the midpoint of an edge produce a [[Sketcher_ConstrainPointOnObject|point onto object constraint]]. But just picking a point on the edge would then have the same result (there is currently no midpoint constraint, the [[Sketcher_ConstrainSymmetric|symmetrical contraint]] has to be applied instead).
It is possible to [[Sketcher_Snap|snap]] to grid lines and grid intersection, to edges of geometry and midpoints of lines and arcs, and to certain angles. Please note that snapping does not produce constraints in and of itself. For example, only if Auto constraints is switched on will snapping to an edge produce a [[Sketcher_ConstrainPointOnObject|Point on object constraint]]. But just picking a point on the edge would then have the same result.


=== On-View-Parameters ===
=== On-View-Parameters === <!--T:220-->


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{{Version|0.22}}
{{Version|1.0}}


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Depending on the selected option in the [[Sketcher_Preferences#General|preferences]] only the dimensional On-View-Parameters or both the dimensional and the positional On-View-Parameters can be enabled. Positional parameters allow the input of exact coordinates, for example the center of a circle, or the start point of a line. Dimensional parameters allow the input of exact dimensions, for example the radius of a circle, or the length and angle of a line. On-View-Parameters are not available for all tools.
Depending on the selected option in the [[Sketcher_Preferences#General|preferences]] only the dimensional On-View-Parameters or both the dimensional and the positional On-View-Parameters can be enabled. Positional parameters allow the input of exact coordinates, for example the center of a circle, or the start point of a line. Dimensional parameters allow the input of exact dimensions, for example the radius of a circle, or the length and angle of a line. On-View-Parameters are not available for all tools.


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[[Image:Sketcher_On_view_parameters_positional.png]]
[[Image:Sketcher_On_view_parameters_positional.png]]
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{{Caption|Determining the center point of a circle with the positional parameters enabled}}
{{Caption|Determining the center point of a circle with the positional parameters enabled}}


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[[Image:Sketcher_On_view_parameters_dimensional.png]]
[[Image:Sketcher_On_view_parameters_dimensional.png]]
<translate>
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{{Caption|Determining the radius of a circle with the dimensional parameters enabled}}
{{Caption|Determining the radius of a circle with the dimensional parameters enabled}}


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If values are entered and confirmed by pressing {{KEY|Enter}} or {{KEY|Tab}}, related constraints are added automatically. If two parameters are displayed at the same time, for example the X and Y coordinate of a point, it is possible to enter one value and pick a point to define the other. Depending on the object additional constraints may be required to fully constrain it. Constraints resulting from On-View-Parameters take precedence over those that may result from [[Sketcher_Dialog#Constraints|Auto constraints]].
If values are entered and confirmed by pressing {{KEY|Enter}} or {{KEY|Tab}}, related constraints are added automatically. If two parameters are displayed at the same time, for example the X and Y coordinate of a point, it is possible to enter one value and pick a point to define the other. Depending on the object additional constraints may be required to fully constrain it. Constraints resulting from On-View-Parameters take precedence over those that may result from [[Sketcher_Dialog#Constraints|Auto constraints]].


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[[Image:Sketcher_ArcExample3.png|300px]]
[[Image:Sketcher_ArcExample3.png|300px]]
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{{Caption|Arc created by entering all On-View-Parameters with resulting automatically created constraints}}
{{Caption|Arc created by entering all On-View-Parameters with resulting automatically created constraints}}


=== Coordinate display ===
=== Coordinate display === <!--T:227-->


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If the '''Show coordinates beside cursor while editing''' [[Sketcher_Preferences#Display|preference]] is checked (default), the parameters of the current geometry tool (coordinates, radius, or length and angle) are displayed next to the cursor. This is deactivated while On-View-Parameters are shown.
If the '''Show coordinates beside cursor while editing''' [[Sketcher_Preferences#Display|preference]] is checked (default), the parameters of the current geometry tool (coordinates, radius, or length and angle) are displayed next to the cursor. This is deactivated while On-View-Parameters are shown.


== Selection methods == <!--T:229-->
== Copy, cut and paste ==

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While a sketch is in edit mode the following selection methods can be used:

=== 3D view element selection ===

As elsewhere in FreeCAD, an element can be selected in the [[3D_view|3D view]] with a single left mouse click. But there is no need to hold down the {{KEY|Ctrl}} key when selecting multiple elements. Holding down that key is possible though and has the advantage that you can miss-click without losing the selection. Edges, points and constraints can be selected in this manner.

=== 3D view box selection === <!--T:231-->

Box selection in the 3D view works without using [[Std_BoxSelection|Std BoxSelection]] or [[Std_BoxElementSelection|Std BoxElementSelection]]:
# Make sure that no tool is active.
# Do one of the following:
#* Click in an empty area and drag a rectangle from left to right to select elements that lie completely inside the rectangle.
#* Click in an empty area and drag a rectangle from right to left to also select elements that touch or cross the rectangle.

You can box-select edges and points, constraints cannot be box-selected.

=== 3D view connected geometry selection === <!--T:232-->

{{Version|1.0}}

Double-clicking an edge in the 3D view will select all edges directly and indirectly connected with that edge via endpoints. There is no need for the edges to be connected with [[Sketcher_ConstrainCoincident|Coincident constraints]], endpoints need only have the same coordinates.

=== Sketcher Dialog selection ===

Edges and points can also be selected from the Elements section of the [[Sketcher_Dialog|Sketcher Dialog]], and constraints from the Constraints section of that dialog.

== Copy, cut and paste == <!--T:233-->


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{{Version|0.22}}
{{Version|1.0}}


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The standard keyboard shortcuts can be used to copy, {{KEY|Ctrl}}+{{KEY|C}}, cut, {{KEY|Ctrl}}+{{KEY|X}}, and paste, {{KEY|Ctrl}}+{{KEY|V}}, the currently selected Sketcher geometry including related constraints. But these tools are also available from the {{MenuCommand|Sketch → Sketcher tools}} menu. They can be used within a single sketch but also between different sketches or separate instances of FreeCAD. Since the data is copied to the clipboard in the form of a Python code, it can be used in other ways too (e.g. shared on the forum).
The standard keyboard shortcuts, {{KEY|Ctrl}}+{{KEY|C}}, {{KEY|Ctrl}}+{{KEY|X}} and {{KEY|Ctrl}}+{{KEY|V}}, can be used to copy, cut and paste selected Sketcher geometry including related constraints. But these tools are also available from the {{MenuCommand|Sketch → Sketcher tools}} menu. They can be used within the same sketch but also between different sketches or separate instances of FreeCAD. Since the data is copied to the clipboard in the form of Python code, it can be used in other ways too (e.g. shared on the forum).


== Tools == <!--T:144-->
== Tools == <!--T:144-->
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The Sketcher Workbench tools are located in the Sketch menu and/or several toolbars. {{Version|0.21}}: Almost all Sketcher toolbars are only displayed while a sketch is in edit mode. The only exception is the [[#Sketcher_toolbar|Sketcher toolbar]] which is only displayed if no sketch is in edit mode.
The Sketcher Workbench tools are located in the Sketch menu and/or several toolbars. {{Version|0.21}}: Almost all Sketcher toolbars are only displayed while a sketch is in edit mode. The only exception is the [[#Sketcher_toolbar|Sketcher toolbar]] which is only displayed if no sketch is in edit mode.

Some tools are also available from the [[3D_view|3D view]] context menu while a sketch is in edit mode, or from the context menus of the [[Sketcher_Dialog|Sketcher Dialog]].


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* [[Image:Sketcher_NewSketch.svg‎‎|32px]] [[Sketcher_NewSketch|Create sketch]]: Creates‎ a new sketch on a selected face or plane. If no face is selected while this tool is executed the user is prompted to select a plane from a pop-up window.
* [[Image:Sketcher_NewSketch.svg‎‎|32px]] [[Sketcher_NewSketch|Create sketch]]: Creates a new sketch and opens the [[Sketcher_Dialog|Sketcher Dialog]] to edit it.


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* [[Image:Sketcher_EditSketch.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_EditSketch|Edit sketch]]: Edit the selected Sketch. This will open the [[Sketcher_Dialog|Sketcher Dialog]].
* [[Image:Sketcher_EditSketch.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_EditSketch|Edit sketch]]: Opens the Sketcher Dialog to edit an existing sketch.


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* [[Image:Sketcher_MapSketch.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_MapSketch|Map sketch to face]]: Maps a sketch to the previously selected face of a solid.
* [[Image:Sketcher_MapSketch.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_MapSketch|Attach sketch]]: Attaches a sketch to selected geometry.


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* [[File:Sketcher_ReorientSketch.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ReorientSketch|Reorient sketch]]: Allows you to attach the sketch to one of the main planes.
* [[File:Sketcher_ReorientSketch.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ReorientSketch|Reorient sketch]]: Places a sketch on one of the main planes with an optional offset. It can also be used to detach a sketch.


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* [[File:Sketcher_ValidateSketch.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ValidateSketch|Validate sketch]]: Analyze and repair a sketch that is no longer editable, has invalid constraints, or is missing coincident constraints.
* [[File:Sketcher_ValidateSketch.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ValidateSketch|Validate sketch]]: Can analyze and repair a sketch that is no longer editable or has invalid constraints, or add missing coincident constraints.


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* [[Image:Sketcher_MergeSketches.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_MergeSketches|Merge sketches]]: Merge two or more sketches.
* [[Image:Sketcher_MergeSketches.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_MergeSketches|Merge sketches]]: Merges two or more sketches.


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* [[Image:Sketcher_MirrorSketch.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_MirrorSketch|Mirror sketch]]: Mirror a sketch along the x-axis, the y-axis or the origin.
* [[Image:Sketcher_MirrorSketch.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_MirrorSketch|Mirror sketch]]: Mirrors sketches across their X axis, Y axis, or origin.


==== Sketcher Edit Mode toolbar ==== <!--T:165-->
==== Sketcher Edit Mode toolbar ==== <!--T:165-->


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* [[Image:Sketcher_LeaveSketch.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_LeaveSketch|Leave sketch]]: Leave the Sketch editing mode.
* [[Image:Sketcher_LeaveSketch.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_LeaveSketch|Leave sketch]]: Finishes sketch edit mode and closes the [[Sketcher_Dialog|Sketcher Dialog]].


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* [[Image:Sketcher_ViewSketch.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ViewSketch|View sketch]]: Sets the model view perpendicular to the sketch plane.
* [[Image:Sketcher_ViewSketch.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ViewSketch|View sketch]]: Aligns the [[3D_view|3D view]] with the sketch.


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* [[Image:Sketcher_ViewSection.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ViewSection|View section]]: Creates a section plane that temporarily hides any matter in front of the sketch plane.
* [[Image:Sketcher_ViewSection.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ViewSection|View section]]: Toggles a temporary section plane that hides any objects and parts of objects in front of the sketch plane.


==== Sketcher edit tools toolbar ==== <!--T:175-->
==== Sketcher edit tools toolbar ==== <!--T:175-->
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* [[File:Sketcher_StopOperation.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_StopOperation|Stop operation]]: When in edit mode, stop the current operation, whether that is drawing, setting constraints, etc.
* [[File:Sketcher_StopOperation.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_StopOperation|Stop operation]]: Stops any currently running geometry or constraint creation tool.


===Sketcher geometries=== <!--T:33-->
===Sketcher geometries=== <!--T:33-->
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* [[Image:Sketcher_CreatePoint.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreatePoint|Point]]: Draws a point.
* [[Image:Sketcher_CreatePoint.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreatePoint|Point]]: Creates a point.

* <span id="Sketcher_CompLine">[[Image:Sketcher_CreatePolyline.svg|x32px]][[Image:Toolbar_flyout_arrow_blue_background.svg|x32px]] Create (poly)line:</span><!--Do not edit span id: the Sketcher_CompLine pages redirect here-->

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:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreatePolyline.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreatePolyline|Polyline]]: Creates a series of line and arc segments connected by their endpoints. The tool has several modes.


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* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateLine.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateLine|Line]]: Draws a line segment between 2 points. Lines are infinite regarding certain constraints.
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateLine.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateLine|Line]]: Creates a line. {{Version|1.0}}: The tool has three modes.


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:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateArc.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateArc|Arc]]: Draws an arc segment from center, radius, start angle and end angle.
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateArc.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateArc|Arc by center]]: Creates an arc by its center and its endpoints. {{Version|1.0}}: Or by its endpoints and a point along the arc.


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:* [[Image:Sketcher_Create3PointArc.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Create3PointArc|Arc by 3 points]]: Draws an arc segment from two endpoints and another point on the circumference.
:* [[Image:Sketcher_Create3PointArc.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Create3PointArc|Arc by 3 points]]: Creates an arc by its endpoints and a point along the arc. {{Version|1.0}}: This is the same tool as [[Sketcher_CreateArc|Arc by center]] but with a different initial mode.


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:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateCircle.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateCircle|Circle]]: Draws a circle from center and radius.
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateCircle.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateCircle|Circle by center]]: Creates a circle by its center and a point along the circle. {{Version|1.0}}: Or by three points along the circle.


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:* [[Image:Sketcher_Create3PointCircle.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Create3PointCircle|Circle by 3 points]]: Draws a circle from three points on the circumference.
:* [[Image:Sketcher_Create3PointCircle.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Create3PointCircle|Circle by 3 points]]: Creates a circle by three points along the circle. {{Version|1.0}}: This is the same tool as [[Sketcher_CreateCircle|Circle by center]] but with a different initial mode.


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* <span id="Sketcher_CompCreateConic">[[Image:Sketcher_Conics.svg|x32px]][[Image:Toolbar_flyout_arrow_blue_background.svg|x32px]] Create conic:</span><!--Do not edit span id: the Sketcher_CompCreateConic pages redirect here-->
* <span id="Sketcher_CompCreateConic">[[Image:Sketcher_Conics.svg|x32px]][[Image:Toolbar_flyout_arrow_blue_background.svg|x32px]] Create conic:</span><!--Do not edit span id: the Sketcher_CompCreateConic pages redirect here-->

: Ellipses, hyperbolas and parabolas are called "conics" because they are types of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conic_section conic sections].


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:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateEllipseByCenter.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateEllipseByCenter|Ellipse by center]]: Draws an ellipse by center point, major radius point and minor radius point.
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateEllipseByCenter.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateEllipseByCenter|Ellipse by center]]: Creates an ellipse by its center, an endpoint of one of its axes, and a point along the ellipse. {{Version|1.0}}: Or by both endpoints of one of its axes and a point along the ellipse.


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:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateEllipseBy3Points.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateEllipseBy3Points|Ellipse by 3 points]]: Draws an ellipse by major diameter (2 points) and minor radius point.
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateEllipseBy3Points.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateEllipseBy3Points|Ellipse by 3 points]]: Creates an ellipse by the endpoints of one of its axes and a point along the ellipse. {{Version|1.0}}: This is the same tool as [[Sketcher_CreateEllipseByCenter|Ellipse by center]] but with a different initial mode.


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:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateArcOfEllipse.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateArcOfEllipse|Arc of ellipse]]: Draws an arc of ellipse by center point, major radius point, starting point and ending point.
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateArcOfEllipse.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateArcOfEllipse|Arc of ellipse]]: Creates an arc of ellipse.


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:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateArcOfHyperbola.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateArcOfHyperbola|Arc of hyperbola]]: Draws an arc of hyperbola.
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateArcOfHyperbola.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateArcOfHyperbola|Arc of hyperbola]]: Creates an arc of hyperbola.


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:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateArcOfParabola.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateArcOfParabola|Arc of parabola]]: Draws an arc of parabola.
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateArcOfParabola.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateArcOfParabola|Arc of parabola]]: Creates an arc of parabola.


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* <span id="Sketcher_CompCreateBSpline">[[Image:Sketcher_CreateBSpline.svg|x32px]][[Image:Toolbar_flyout_arrow_blue_background.svg|x32px]] B-spline:</span><!--Do not edit span id: the Sketcher_CompCreateBSpline pages redirect here-->
* <span id="Sketcher_CompCreateBSpline">[[Image:Sketcher_CreateBSpline.svg|x32px]][[Image:Toolbar_flyout_arrow_blue_background.svg|x32px]] Create B-spline:</span><!--Do not edit span id: the Sketcher_CompCreateBSpline pages redirect here-->


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<!--T:155-->
:* [[File:Sketcher_CreateBSpline.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateBSpline|B-spline by control points]]: Draws a B-spline curve by its control points.
:* [[File:Sketcher_CreateBSpline.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateBSpline|B-spline by control points]]: Creates a B-spline curve from control points.


<!--T:156-->
<!--T:156-->
:* [[File:Sketcher_CreatePeriodicBSpline.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreatePeriodicBSpline|Periodic B-spline by control points]]: Draws a periodic (closed) B-spline curve by its control points.
:* [[File:Sketcher_CreatePeriodicBSpline.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreatePeriodicBSpline|Periodic B-spline by control points]]: Creates a periodic (closed) B-spline curve from control points.


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<!--T:169-->
:* [[File:Sketcher_CreateBSplineByInterpolation.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateBSplineByInterpolation|B-spline by knots]]: Draws a B-spline curve by its knots. {{Version|0.21}}
:* [[File:Sketcher_CreateBSplineByInterpolation.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateBSplineByInterpolation|B-spline by knots]]: Creates a B-spline curve through knot points. {{Version|0.21}}


<!--T:170-->
<!--T:170-->
:* [[File:Sketcher_CreatePeriodicBSplineByInterpolation.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreatePeriodicBSplineByInterpolation|Periodic B-spline by knots]]: Draws a periodic (closed) B-spline curve by its knots. {{Version|0.21}}
:* [[File:Sketcher_CreatePeriodicBSplineByInterpolation.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreatePeriodicBSplineByInterpolation|Periodic B-spline by knots]]: Creates a periodic (closed) B-spline curve through knot points. {{Version|0.21}}

<!--T:42-->
* [[Image:Sketcher_CreatePolyline.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreatePolyline|Polyline (multiple-point line)]]: Draws a line made of multiple line segments. Pressing the {{KEY|M}} key while drawing a Polyline toggles between the different polyline modes.


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<!--T:43-->
<!--T:43-->
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateRectangle.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateRectangle|Rectangle]]: Draws a rectangle from 2 opposite points.
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateRectangle.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateRectangle|Rectangle]]: Creates a rectangle. {{Version|1.0}}: The tool has four modes. Rounded corners and creating an offset copy are optional features.


<!--T:136-->
<!--T:136-->
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateRectangle_Center.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateRectangle_Center|Centered rectangle]]: Draws a rectangle from a central point and an edge point. {{Version|0.20}}
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateRectangle_Center.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateRectangle_Center|Centered rectangle]]: Creates a centered rectangle. {{Version|1.0}}: This is the same tool as [[Sketcher_CreateRectangle|Rectangle]] but with a different initial mode.


<!--T:137-->
<!--T:137-->
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateOblong.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateOblong|Rounded rectangle]]: Draws a rounded rectangle from 2 opposite points. {{Version|0.20}}
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateOblong.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateOblong|Rounded rectangle]]: Creates a rounded rectangle. Idem.


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<!--T:44-->
<!--T:44-->
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateTriangle.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateTriangle|Triangle]]: Draws a regular triangle inscribed in a construction geometry circle.
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateTriangle.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateTriangle|Triangle]]: creates an equilateral triangle. {{Version|1.0}}: This is the same tool as [[Sketcher_CreateRegularPolygon|Regular polygon]] but with the number of sides preset to a specif value.


<!--T:45-->
<!--T:45-->
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateSquare.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateSquare|Square]]: Draws a regular square inscribed in a construction geometry circle.
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateSquare.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateSquare|Square]]: Creates a square. Idem.


<!--T:46-->
<!--T:46-->
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreatePentagon.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreatePentagon|Pentagon]]: Draws a regular pentagon inscribed in a construction geometry circle.
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreatePentagon.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreatePentagon|Pentagon]]: Creates a pentagon. Idem.


<!--T:47-->
<!--T:47-->
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateHexagon.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateHexagon|Hexagon]]: Draws a regular hexagon inscribed in a construction geometry circle.
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateHexagon.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateHexagon|Hexagon]]: Creates a hexagon. Idem.


<!--T:48-->
<!--T:48-->
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateHeptagon.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateHeptagon|Heptagon]]: Draws a regular heptagon inscribed in a construction geometry circle.
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateHeptagon.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateHeptagon|Heptagon]]: Creates a heptagon. Idem.


<!--T:49-->
<!--T:49-->
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateOctagon.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateOctagon|Octagon]]: Draws a regular octagon inscribed in a construction geometry circle.
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateOctagon.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateOctagon|Octagon]]: Creates an octagon. Idem.


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<!--T:118-->
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateRegularPolygon.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateRegularPolygon|Regular polygon]] : Draws a regular polygon by selecting the number of sides and picking two points: the center and one corner.
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateRegularPolygon.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateRegularPolygon|Regular polygon]]: Creates a regular polygon. The number of sides can be specified.


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<!--T:50-->
<!--T:50-->
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateSlot.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateSlot|Slot]]: Draws an oval by selecting the center of one semicircle and an endpoint of the other semicircle.
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateSlot.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateSlot|Slot]]: Creates a slot.


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<!--T:178-->
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateArcSlot.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateArcSlot|Arc slot]]: Draws an arc slot consisting of two semicircles connected by two parallel concentric arcs. {{Version|0.22}}
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateArcSlot.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateArcSlot|Arc slot]]: Creates an arc slot. {{Version|1.0}}


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<!--T:51-->
<!--T:51-->
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateFillet.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateFillet|Fillet]]: Creates a fillet between two non-parallel edges.
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateFillet.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateFillet|Fillet]]: Creates a fillet between two non-parallel edges. {{Version|1.0}}: The tool can also create a chamfer.


<!--T:236-->
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateChamfer.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateChamfer|Chamfer]]: Creates a chamfer between two non-parallel edges.
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateChamfer.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateChamfer|Chamfer]]: creates a chamfer between two non-parallel edges. This is the same tool as [[Sketcher_CreateFillet|Fillet]] but with a different initial mode. {{Version|1.0}}


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<!--T:52-->
<!--T:52-->
:* [[Image:Sketcher_Trimming.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Trimming|Trim]]: Trims a line, circle or arc with respect to the clicked point.
:* [[Image:Sketcher_Trimming.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Trimming|Trim]]: Trims an edge at the nearest intersections with other edges.


<!--T:134-->
<!--T:134-->
:* [[Image:Sketcher_Split.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Split|Split]]: Splits an edge into two while keeping most of the constraints. {{Version|0.20}}
:* [[Image:Sketcher_Split.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Split|Split]]: Splits an edge while transferring most constraints.


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<!--T:115-->
:* [[File:Sketcher_Extend.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Extend|Extend]]: Extends a line or an arc to a boundary line, arc, ellipse, arc of ellipse or a point in space.
:* [[File:Sketcher_Extend.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Extend|Extend]]: Extends or shortens a line or an arc to an arbitrary location, or to a target edge or point.


<!--T:53-->
<!--T:53-->
* [[Image:Sketcher_External.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_External|External geometry]]: Creates an edge linked to external geometry.
* [[Image:Sketcher_External.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_External|External geometry]]: Projects edges and/or vertices belonging to objects outside the sketch onto the sketch plane.


<!--T:116-->
<!--T:116-->
* [[File:Sketcher_CarbonCopy.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CarbonCopy|Carbon copy]]: Copies the geometry of another sketch.
* [[File:Sketcher_CarbonCopy.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CarbonCopy|Carbon copy]]: Copies all geometry and constraints from another sketch into the active sketch.


<!--T:54-->
<!--T:54-->
* [[File:Sketcher_ToggleConstruction.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ToggleConstruction|Toggle construction geometry]]: Toggles sketch geometry from/to construction mode. Construction geometry is shown in blue and is discarded outside of Sketch editing mode.
* [[File:Sketcher_ToggleConstruction.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ToggleConstruction|Toggle construction geometry]]: Either toggles the geometry creation tools to/from construction mode, or toggles selected geometry to/from construction geometry.


===Sketcher constraints=== <!--T:55-->
===Sketcher constraints=== <!--T:55-->


<!--T:56-->
<!--T:56-->
Constraints are used to define lengths, set rules between sketch elements, and to lock the sketch along the vertical and horizontal axes. Some constraints require use of [[Sketcher_helper_constraint|Helper constraints]].
These are tools for creating [[#Constraints|constraints]]. Some constraints require the use of [[Sketcher_helper_constraint|Helper constraints]].


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<!--T:196-->
* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainCoincidentUnified.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainCoincidentUnified|Coincident (unified)]]: Can replace the [[Sketcher_ConstrainCoincident|Coincident]] and [[Sketcher_ConstrainPointOnObject|Point on object]] constraints. {{Version|0.22}}
* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainCoincidentUnified.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainCoincidentUnified|Coincident (unified)]]: Creates a coincident constraint between points, fixes points on edges or axes, or creates a concentric constraint. It combines the [[Sketcher_ConstrainCoincident|Coincident]] and [[Sketcher_ConstrainPointOnObject|Point on object]] tools. {{Version|1.0}}


<!--T:58-->
<!--T:58-->
* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainCoincident.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainCoincident|Coincident]]: Affixes a point onto (coincident with) one or more other points. It acts as a concentric constraint if two or more circles, arcs, ellipses or arcs of ellipses are selected.
* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainCoincident.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainCoincident|Coincident]]: Creates a coincident constraint between points, or a concentric constraint.


<!--T:59-->
<!--T:59-->
* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainPointOnObject.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainPointOnObject|Point on object]]: Affixes a point onto another object such as a line, arc, or axis.
* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainPointOnObject.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainPointOnObject|Point on object]]: Fixes points on edges or axes.


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<!--T:189-->
* <span id="Sketcher_CompHorVer">[[Image:Sketcher_ConstrainHorVer.svg|x32px]][[Image:Toolbar_flyout_arrow_blue_background.svg|x32px]]Horizontal/Vertical constraints:</span><!--Do not edit span id: the Sketcher_CompHorVer pages redirect here-->
* <span id="Sketcher_CompHorVer">[[Image:Sketcher_ConstrainHorVer.svg|x32px]][[Image:Toolbar_flyout_arrow_blue_background.svg|x32px]]Horizontal/vertical constraints:</span><!--Do not edit span id: the Sketcher_CompHorVer pages redirect here-->


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<!--T:190-->
:* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainHorVer.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainHorVer|Horizontal/Vertical]]: Automatically applies [[Sketcher_ConstrainHorizontal|Horizontal]] or [[Sketcher_ConstrainVertical|Vertical]] constraint depending on the orientation of a line. {{Version|0.22}}
:* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainHorVer.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainHorVer|Horizontal/vertical]]: Constrains lines or pairs of points to be horizontal or vertical, whichever is closest to the current alignment. It combines the [[Sketcher_ConstrainHorizontal|Horizontal]] and [[Sketcher_ConstrainVertical|Vertical]] tools. {{Version|1.0}}


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<!--T:61-->
:* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainHorizontal.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainHorizontal|Horizontal]]: Constrains the selected lines or polyline elements to a true horizontal orientation. More than one object can be selected before applying this constraint.
:* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainHorizontal.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainHorizontal|Horizontal]]: Constrains lines or pairs of points to be horizontal.


<!--T:60-->
<!--T:60-->
:* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainVertical.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainVertical|Vertical]]: Constrains the selected lines or polyline elements to a true vertical orientation. More than one object can be selected before applying this constraint.
:* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainVertical.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainVertical|Vertical]]: Constrains lines or pairs of points to be vertical.


<!--T:62-->
<!--T:62-->
* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainParallel.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainParallel|Parallel]]: Constrains two or more lines parallel to one another.
* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainParallel.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainParallel|Parallel]]: Constrains lines to be parallel.


<!--T:63-->
<!--T:63-->
* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainPerpendicular.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainPerpendicular|Perpendicular]]: Constrains two lines perpendicular to one another, or constrains a line perpendicular to an arc endpoint.
* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainPerpendicular.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainPerpendicular|Perpendicular]]: Constrains two lines to be perpendicular, or two edges, or an edge and an axis, to be perpendicular at their intersection. The constraint can also connect two edges, forcing them to be perpendicular at the joint.


<!--T:64-->
<!--T:64-->
* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainTangent.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainTangent|Tangent]]: Creates a tangent constraint between two selected entities, or a co-linear constraint between two line segments. A line segment does not have to lie directly on an arc or circle to be constrained tangent to that arc or circle.
* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainTangent.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainTangent|Tangent or collinear]]: Constrains two edges, or an edge and an axis, to be tangent. The constraint can also connect two edges, forcing them to be tangent at the joint. If two lines are selected they are made collinear.


<!--T:65-->
<!--T:65-->
* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainEqual.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainEqual|Equal]]: Constrains two selected entities equal to one another. If used on circles or arcs their radii will be set equal.
* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainEqual.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainEqual|Equal]]: Constrains edges to have an equal length (lines) or curvature (other edges except B-splines).


<!--T:66-->
<!--T:66-->
* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainSymmetric.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainSymmetric|Symmetric]]: Constrains two points symmetrically about a line, or constrains the first two selected points symmetrically about a third selected point.
* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainSymmetric.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainSymmetric|Symmetric]]: Constrains two points to be symmetrical around a line or axis, or around a third point.


<!--T:67-->
<!--T:67-->
* [[Image:Sketcher_ConstrainBlock.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainBlock|Block]]: it blocks an edge from moving, that is, it prevents its vertices from changing their current positions. It should be particularly useful to fix the position of B-Splines. See the [https://forum.freecadweb.org/viewtopic.php?f=9&t=26572 Block Constraint forum topic].
* [[Image:Sketcher_ConstrainBlock.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainBlock|Block]]: Blocks edges in place with a single constraint. It is mainly intended for B-splines.


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<!--T:192-->
<!--T:192-->
:* [[File:Sketcher_Dimension.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Dimension|Dimension]]: TBD. {{Version|0.22}}
:* [[File:Sketcher_Dimension.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Dimension|Dimension]]: Is the context-sensitive constraint tool of the Sketcher Workbench. Based on the current selection, it offers appropriate dimensional constraints, but also geometric constraints. {{Version|1.0}}


<!--T:70-->
<!--T:70-->
:* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainDistanceX.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainDistanceX|Horizontal distance]]: Fixes the horizontal distance between two points or line endpoints. If only one item is selected, the distance is set to the origin.
:* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainDistanceX.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainDistanceX|Horizontal distance]]: Fixes the horizontal distance between two points or the endpoints of a line. If a single point is pre-selected, the distance is relative to the origin of the sketch.


<!--T:71-->
<!--T:71-->
:* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainDistanceY.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainDistanceY|Vertical distance]]: Fixes the vertical distance between 2 points or line endpoints. If only one item is selected, the distance is set to the origin.
:* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainDistanceY.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainDistanceY|Vertical distance]]: Fixes the vertical distance between two points or the endpoints of a line. If a single point is pre-selected, the distance is relative to the origin of the sketch.


<!--T:72-->
<!--T:72-->
:* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainDistance.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainDistance|Distance]]: Defines the length of a line, the perpendicular distance between a point and a line, the distance between two points, or, {{Version|0.21}}, the distance between the edges of two circles.
:* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainDistance.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainDistance|Distance]]: Fixes the length of a line, the distance between two points, the perpendicular distance between a point and a line; or, {{Version|0.21}}, the distance between the edges of two circles or arcs, or between the edge of a circle or arc and a line; or, {{Version|1.0}}, the length of an arc.


<!--T:159-->
<!--T:159-->
:* <span id="Sketcher_CompConstrainRadDia">[[File:Sketcher_ConstrainRadiam.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainRadiam|Auto radius/diameter]]: Defines the radius of an arc, the diameter of a circle or the weight of a B-spline pole. {{Version|0.20}}</span><!--Do not edit span id: the Sketcher_CompConstrainRadDia pages redirect here-->
:* <span id="Sketcher_CompConstrainRadDia">[[File:Sketcher_ConstrainRadiam.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainRadiam|Auto radius/diameter]]: Fixes the radius of arcs and B-spline weight circles, and the diameter of circles.</span><!--Do not edit span id: the Sketcher_CompConstrainRadDia pages redirect here-->


<!--T:73-->
<!--T:73-->
:* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainRadius.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainRadius|Radius]]: Defines the radius of an arc or circle or the weight of a B-spline pole.
:* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainRadius.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainRadius|Radius]]: Fixes the radius of circles, arcs and B-spline weight circles.


<!--T:158-->
<!--T:158-->
:* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainDiameter.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainDiameter|Diameter]]: Defines the diameter of an arc or circle.
:* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainDiameter.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainDiameter|Diameter]]: Fixes the diameter of circles and arcs.


<!--T:160-->
<!--T:160-->
:* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainAngle.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainAngle|Angle]]: Defines the internal angle between two selected lines.
:* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainAngle.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainAngle|Angle]]: Fixes the angle between two edges, the angle of a line with the horizontal axis of the sketch, or the aperture angle of a circular arc.


<!--T:69-->
<!--T:69-->
:* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainLock.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainLock|Lock]]: Constrains the selected item by setting vertical and horizontal distances relative to the origin, thereby locking the location of that item. These constraint distances can be edited later.
:* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainLock.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainLock|Lock]]: Applies [[Sketcher_ConstrainDistanceX|Horizontal distance]] and [[Sketcher_ConstrainDistanceY|Vertical distance]] constraints to points. If a single point is selected the constraints reference the origin of the sketch. If two or more points are selected the constraints reference the last point in the selection.


==== Special constraints ==== <!--T:130-->
==== Special constraints ==== <!--T:130-->


<!--T:74-->
<!--T:74-->
* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainSnellsLaw.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainSnellsLaw|Refraction (Snell's law)]]: Constrains two lines to obey a refraction law to simulate the light going through an interface.
* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainSnellsLaw.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainSnellsLaw|Refraction (Snell's law)]]: Constrains two lines to follow the law of refraction of light as it penetrates through an interface.


==== Constraint tools ==== <!--T:147-->
==== Constraint tools ==== <!--T:147-->


<!--T:131-->
<!--T:131-->
The following tools can be used the change the effect of constraints:
The these tools change the effect of constraints.


<!--T:76-->
<!--T:76-->
* [[File:Sketcher_ToggleDrivingConstraint.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ToggleDrivingConstraint|Toggle driving/reference constraint]]: Toggles the toolbar or the selected constraints to/from reference mode.
* [[File:Sketcher_ToggleDrivingConstraint.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ToggleDrivingConstraint|Toggle driving/reference constraint]]: Toggles the dimensional constraint creation tools between driving and reference mode, or toggles selected dimensional constraints between those modes.


<!--T:124-->
<!--T:124-->
* [[File:Sketcher_ToggleActiveConstraint.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ToggleActiveConstraint|Activate/deactivate constraint]]: Enable or disable an already placed constraint.
* [[File:Sketcher_ToggleActiveConstraint.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ToggleActiveConstraint|Activate/deactivate constraint]]: Activates or deactivates selected constraints.


===Sketcher tools=== <!--T:77-->
===Sketcher tools=== <!--T:77-->


<!--T:78-->
<!--T:78-->
* [[File:Sketcher_SelectElementsWithDoFs.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_SelectElementsWithDoFs|Select unconstrained DoF]]: Highlights in green the geometry with degrees of freedom (DoFs), i.e. not fully constrained.
* [[File:Sketcher_SelectElementsWithDoFs.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_SelectElementsWithDoFs|Select unconstrained DoF]]: Selects the not fully constrained elements in the sketch.


<!--T:81-->
<!--T:81-->
* [[File:Sketcher_SelectConstraints.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_SelectConstraints|Select associated constraints]]: Selects the constraints of a Sketcher element.
* [[File:Sketcher_SelectConstraints.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_SelectConstraints|Select associated constraints]]: Selects the constraints associated with sketch elements.


<!--T:87-->
<!--T:87-->
* [[File:Sketcher_SelectElementsAssociatedWithConstraints.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_SelectElementsAssociatedWithConstraints|Select associated geometry]]: Select Sketcher elements associated with constraints.
* [[File:Sketcher_SelectElementsAssociatedWithConstraints.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_SelectElementsAssociatedWithConstraints|Select associated geometry]]: Selects the sketch elements associated with constraints.


<!--T:85-->
<!--T:85-->
* [[File:Sketcher_SelectRedundantConstraints.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_SelectRedundantConstraints|Select redundant constraints]]: Selects redundant constraints of a sketch.
* [[File:Sketcher_SelectRedundantConstraints.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_SelectRedundantConstraints|Select redundant constraints]]: Selects the redundant constraints in the sketch.


<!--T:86-->
<!--T:86-->
* [[File:Sketcher_SelectConflictingConstraints.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_SelectConflictingConstraints|Select conflicting constraints]]: Selects conflicting constraints of a sketch.
* [[File:Sketcher_SelectConflictingConstraints.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_SelectConflictingConstraints|Select conflicting constraints]]: Selects the conflicting constraints in the sketch.


<!--T:89-->
<!--T:89-->
* [[File:Sketcher_RestoreInternalAlignmentGeometry.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_RestoreInternalAlignmentGeometry|Show/hide internal geometry]]: Recreates missing/deletes unneeded internal geometry of a selected ellipse, arc of ellipse/hyperbola/parabola or B-spline.
* [[File:Sketcher_RestoreInternalAlignmentGeometry.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_RestoreInternalAlignmentGeometry|Show/hide internal geometry]]: Deletes the internal geometry of elements, or recreates missing internal geometry.


<!--T:82-->
<!--T:82-->
* [[File:Sketcher_SelectOrigin.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_SelectOrigin|Select origin]]: Selects the origin of a sketch.
* [[File:Sketcher_SelectOrigin.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_SelectOrigin|Select origin]]: Selects the origin of the sketch.


<!--T:84-->
<!--T:84-->
* [[File:Sketcher_SelectHorizontalAxis.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_SelectHorizontalAxis|Select horizontal axis]]: Selects the horizontal axis of a sketch.
* [[File:Sketcher_SelectHorizontalAxis.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_SelectHorizontalAxis|Select horizontal axis]]: Selects the horizontal axis of the sketch.


<!--T:83-->
<!--T:83-->
* [[File:Sketcher_SelectVerticalAxis.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_SelectVerticalAxis|Select vertical axis]]: Selects the vertical axis of a sketch.
* [[File:Sketcher_SelectVerticalAxis.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_SelectVerticalAxis|Select vertical axis]]: Selects the vertical axis of the sketch.


<!--T:179-->
<!--T:238-->
* [[File:Sketcher_Offset.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Offset|Offset geometry]]: Adds an equidistant outline around selected edges. {{Version|0.22}}
* [[File:Sketcher_Translate.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Translate|Array transform]]: Moves or optionally creates copies of selected elements. {{Version|1.0}}


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* [[File:Sketcher_Rotate.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Rotate|Polar transform]]: Rotates and optionally copies (to create polar patterns) selected geometries. {{Version|0.22}}
* [[File:Sketcher_Rotate.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Rotate|Polar transform]]: Rotates or optionally creates rotated copies of selected elements. {{Version|1.0}}


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* [[File:Sketcher_Scale.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Scale|Scale transform]]: Scales and optionally copies selected geometries. {{Version|0.22}}
* [[File:Sketcher_Scale.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Scale|Scale transform]]: Scales or optionally creates scaled copies of selected elements. {{Version|1.0}}


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* [[File:Sketcher_Symmetry.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Symmetry|Symmetry]]: Copies a Sketcher element symmetrically to a chosen line.
* [[File:Sketcher_Offset.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Offset|Offset geometry]]: Creates equidistant edges around selected edges. {{Version|1.0}}


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* [[File:Sketcher_Translate.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Translate|Array transform]]: Translates and optionally copies (to create linear patterns) selected geometries. {{Version|0.22}}
* [[File:Sketcher_Symmetry.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Symmetry|Symmetry]]: Creates mirrored copies of selected elements.


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* [[File:Sketcher_RemoveAxesAlignment.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_RemoveAxesAlignment|Remove axes alignment]]: Remove axes alignment while trying to preserve the constraint relationship of the selection. {{Version|0.20}}
* [[File:Sketcher_RemoveAxesAlignment.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_RemoveAxesAlignment|Remove axes alignment]]: Removes the axes alignment of selected edges by replacing [[Sketcher_ConstrainHorizontal|Horizontal]] and [[Sketcher_ConstrainVertical|Vertical]] constraints with [[Sketcher_ConstrainParallel|Parallel]] and [[Sketcher_ConstrainPerpendicular|Perpendicular]] constraints.


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* [[File:Sketcher_DeleteAllGeometry.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_DeleteAllGeometry|Delete all geometry]]: Deletes all geometry from the sketch.
* [[File:Sketcher_DeleteAllGeometry.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_DeleteAllGeometry|Delete all geometry]]: Deletes all geometry and all constraints from the sketch.


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* [[File:Sketcher_DeleteAllConstraints.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_DeleteAllConstraints|Delete all constraints]]: Deletes all constraints from the sketch.
* [[File:Sketcher_DeleteAllConstraints.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_DeleteAllConstraints|Delete all constraints]]: Deletes all constraints from the sketch.


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* <span id="Sketcher_CopyClipboard">[[File:Edit-copy.svg|32px]] Copy in Sketcher: See [[#Copy,_cut_and_paste|Copy, cut and paste]].</span><!--Do not edit span id: the Sketcher_CopyClipboard pages redirect here-->
* <span id="Sketcher_CopyClipboard">[[File:Edit-copy.svg|32px]] Copy in Sketcher: See [[#Copy,_cut_and_paste|Copy, cut and paste]].</span><!--Do not edit span id: the Sketcher_CopyClipboard pages redirect here-->


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* <span id="Sketcher_Cut">[[File:Edit-cut.svg|32px]] Cut in Sketcher: See [[#Copy,_cut_and_paste|Copy, cut and paste]].</span><!--Do not edit span id: the Sketcher_Cut pages redirect here-->
* <span id="Sketcher_Cut">[[File:Edit-cut.svg|32px]] Cut in Sketcher: See [[#Copy,_cut_and_paste|Copy, cut and paste]].</span><!--Do not edit span id: the Sketcher_Cut pages redirect here-->


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* <span id="Sketcher_Paste">[[File:Edit-paste.svg|32px]] Paste in Sketcher: See [[#Copy,_cut_and_paste|Copy, cut and paste]].</span><!--Do not edit span id: the Sketcher_Paste pages redirect here-->
* <span id="Sketcher_Paste">[[File:Edit-paste.svg|32px]] Paste in Sketcher: See [[#Copy,_cut_and_paste|Copy, cut and paste]].</span><!--Do not edit span id: the Sketcher_Paste pages redirect here-->


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* [[File:Sketcher_BSplineApproximate.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_BSplineApproximate|Convert geometry to B-spline]]: Converts compatible geometry, edges and curves, into a B-spline.
* [[File:Sketcher_BSplineConvertToNURBS.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_BSplineConvertToNURBS|Convert geometry to B-spline]]: Converts edges to B-splines.


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* [[File:Sketcher_BSplineIncreaseDegree.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_BSplineIncreaseDegree|Increase B-spline degree]]: Increases the degree (order) of a B-spline.
* [[File:Sketcher_BSplineIncreaseDegree.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_BSplineIncreaseDegree|Increase B-spline degree]]: Increases the degree (order) of B-splines.


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* [[File:Sketcher_BSplineDecreaseDegree.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_BSplineDecreaseDegree|Decrease B-spline degree]]: Decreases the degree (order) of a B-spline.
* [[File:Sketcher_BSplineDecreaseDegree.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_BSplineDecreaseDegree|Decrease B-spline degree]]: Decreases the degree (order) of B-splines.


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* [[File:Sketcher_BSplineInsertKnot.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_BSplineInsertKnot|Insert knot]]: Inserts a knot into an existing B-spline. {{Version|0.20}}
* [[File:Sketcher_BSplineInsertKnot.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_BSplineInsertKnot|Insert knot]]: Inserts a knot into a B-spline or increases the multiplicity of an existing knot.


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* [[File:Sketcher_JoinCurves.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_JoinCurves|Join curves]]: Joins two curves at selected end points. {{Version|0.21}}
* [[File:Sketcher_JoinCurves.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_JoinCurves|Join curves]]: Creates a B-spline by joining two existing B-splines or other edges. {{Version|0.21}}


===Sketcher visual=== <!--T:194-->
===Sketcher visual=== <!--T:194-->


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* [[File:Sketcher_SwitchVirtualSpace.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_SwitchVirtualSpace|Switch virtual space]]: Allows you to hide all constraints of a sketch and make them visible again.
* [[File:Sketcher_SwitchVirtualSpace.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_SwitchVirtualSpace|Switch virtual space]]: (un)hides constraints or switches the visible virtual space.


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* [[File:Sketcher_BSplineDegree.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_BSplineDegree|Show/hide B-spline degree]]: Shows or hides the display of the degree of a B-spline.
* [[File:Sketcher_BSplineDegree.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_BSplineDegree|Show/hide B-spline degree]]: Shows or hides the B-spline degree in all sketches.


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* [[File:Sketcher_BSplinePolygon.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_BSplinePolygon|Show/hide B-spline control polygon]]: Shows or hides the display of the defining polygon of a B-spline.
* [[File:Sketcher_BSplinePolygon.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_BSplinePolygon|Show/hide B-spline control polygon]]: Shows or hides the B-spline control polygon in all sketches.


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* [[File:Sketcher_BSplineComb.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_BSplineComb|Show/hide B-spline curvature comb]]: Shows or hides the display of the curvature comb of a B-spline.
* [[File:Sketcher_BSplineComb.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_BSplineComb|Show/hide B-spline curvature comb]]: Shows or hides the B-spline curvature comb in all sketches.


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* [[File:Sketcher_BSplineKnotMultiplicity.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_BSplineKnotMultiplicity|Show/hide B-spline knot multiplicity]]: Shows or hides the display of the knot multiplicity of a B-spline.
* [[File:Sketcher_BSplineKnotMultiplicity.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_BSplineKnotMultiplicity|Show/hide B-spline knot multiplicity]]: Shows or hides the B-spline knot multiplicity in all sketches.


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* [[File:Sketcher_BSplinePoleWeight.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_BSplinePoleWeight|Show/hide B-spline control point weight]]: Shows or hides the display of the weights for the control points of a B-spline.
* [[File:Sketcher_BSplinePoleWeight.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_BSplinePoleWeight|Show/hide B-spline control point weight]]: Shows or hides the B-spline control point weight in all sketches.


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* [[File:Sketcher_ArcOverlay.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ArcOverlay|Show/hide circular helper for arcs]]: Shows or hides the circular helpers (circle outlines) for arcs. {{Version|0.22}}
* [[File:Sketcher_ArcOverlay.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ArcOverlay|Show/hide circular helper for arcs]]: Shows or hides the circular helpers (underlying virtual circles) for arcs in all sketches. {{Version|1.0}}


===Obsolete tools=== <!--T:173-->
===Obsolete tools=== <!--T:173-->


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* [[File:Sketcher_Clone.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Clone|Clone]]: Clones a Sketcher element. Not available in {{VersionPlus|0.22}}.
* [[File:Sketcher_Clone.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Clone|Clone]]: Clones a Sketcher element. Not available in {{VersionPlus|1.0}}.


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* [[File:Sketcher_CloseShape.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CloseShape|Close shape]]: Creates a closed shape by applying coincident constraints to endpoints. Not available in {{VersionPlus|0.21}}.
* [[File:Sketcher_CloseShape.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CloseShape|Close shape]]: Creates a closed shape by applying coincident constraints to endpoints. Not available in {{VersionPlus|0.21}}.

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* [[File:Sketcher_CreatePointFillet.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreatePointFillet|Corner-preserving fillet]]: Creates a fillet between two non-parallel lines while preserving their corner point. Not available in {{VersionPlus|1.0}}.


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* [[File:Sketcher_Copy.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Copy|Copy]]: Copies a Sketcher element. Not available in {{VersionPlus|0.22}}.
* [[File:Sketcher_Copy.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Copy|Copy]]: Copies a Sketcher element. Not available in {{VersionPlus|1.0}}.


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* [[File:Sketcher_Move.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Move|Move]]: Moves the selected geometry taking as reference the last selected point. Not available in {{VersionPlus|0.22}}.
* [[File:Sketcher_Move.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Move|Move]]: Moves the selected geometry taking as reference the last selected point. Not available in {{VersionPlus|1.0}}.


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* [[File:Sketcher_RectangularArray.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_RectangularArray|Rectangular array]]: Creates an array of selected Sketcher elements. Not available in {{VersionPlus|0.22}}.
* [[File:Sketcher_RectangularArray.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_RectangularArray|Rectangular array]]: Creates an array of selected Sketcher elements. Not available in {{VersionPlus|1.0}}.


== Preferences == <!--T:108-->
== Preferences == <!--T:108-->
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* A series of simple sketches is easier to manage than a single complex one. For example, a first sketch can be created for the base 3D feature (either a pad or a revolve), while a second one can contain holes or cutouts (pockets). Some details can be left out, to be realized later on as 3D features. You can choose to avoid fillets in your sketch if there are too many, and add them as a 3D feature.
* A series of simple sketches is easier to manage than a single complex one. For example, a first sketch can be created for the base 3D feature (either a pad or a revolve), while a second one can contain holes or cutouts (pockets). Some details can be left out, to be realized later on as 3D features. You can choose to avoid fillets in your sketch if there are too many, and add them as a 3D feature.
* Always create a closed profile, or your sketch won't produce a solid, but rather a set of open faces. If you don't want some of the objects to be included in the solid creation, turn them to construction elements with the Construction Mode tool.
* Always create a closed profile, or your sketch won't produce a solid, but rather a set of open faces. If you don't want some of the objects to be included in the solid creation, turn them to construction elements with the Construction Mode tool.
* Use the auto constraints feature to limit the number of constraints you'll have to add manually.
* Use the Auto constraints feature to limit the number of constraints you'll have to add manually.
* As a general rule, apply geometric constraints first, then dimensional constraints, and lock your sketch last. But remember: rules are made to be broken. If you're having trouble manipulating your sketch, it may be useful to constrain a few objects first before completing your profile.
* As a general rule, apply geometric constraints first, then dimensional constraints, and lock your sketch last. But remember: rules are made to be broken. If you're having trouble manipulating your sketch, it may be useful to constrain a few objects first before completing your profile.
* If possible, center your sketch to the origin (0,0) with the lock constraint. If your sketch is not symmetric, locate one of its points to the origin, or choose nice round numbers for the lock distances.
* If possible, center your sketch to the origin (0,0) with the Lock constraint. If your sketch is not symmetric, locate one of its points to the origin, or choose nice round numbers for the lock distances.
* If you have the possibility to choose between the Length constraint and the Horizontal or Vertical Distance constraints, prefer the latter. Horizontal and Vertical Distance constraints are computationally cheaper.
* If you have the possibility to choose between the Length constraint and the Horizontal or Vertical distance constraints, prefer the latter. Horizontal and Vertical distance constraints are computationally cheaper.
* In general, the best constraints to use are: Horizontal and Vertical Constraints; Horizontal and Vertical Length Constraints; Point-to-Point Tangency. If possible, limit the use of these: the general Length Constraint; Edge-to-Edge Tangency; Fix Point Onto a Line Constraint; Symmetry Constraint.
* In general, the best constraints to use are: Horizontal and Vertical constraints; Horizontal and Vertical length constraints; point-to-point Tangency. If possible, limit the use of these: the general Length constraint; edge-to-edge Tangency; Point on object constraint; Symmetric constraint.
* If in doubt about the validity of a sketch once it is complete (features turn green), close the Sketcher dialog and use [[File:Sketcher_ValidateSketch.svg|24px]] [[Sketcher_ValidateSketch|Validate sketch]].
* If in doubt about the validity of a sketch once it is complete (features turn green), close the Sketcher dialog and use [[File:Sketcher_ValidateSketch.svg|24px]] [[Sketcher_ValidateSketch|Validate sketch]].



Latest revision as of 08:33, 27 April 2024

This page has been marked for translation. But it is still a work in progress!!!
Sketcher workbench icon

Introduction

With the Sketcher Workbench 2D sketches intended for use in other workbenches can be created. 2D sketches are the starting point for many CAD models. They typically define the profiles and paths for operations to create 3D shapes. A model may depend on several sketches for its final shape.

Together with boolean operations defined in the Part Workbench, the Sketcher Workbench, or "The Sketcher" for short, forms the basis of the constructive solid geometry (CSG) method of building solids. Together with PartDesign Workbench operations, it also forms the basis of the feature editing methodology of creating solids. But many other workbenches use sketches as well.

The Sketcher workbench features constraints, allowing 2D shapes to follow precise geometrical definitions in terms of length, angles, and relationships (horizontality, verticality, perpendicularity, etc.). A constraint solver calculates the constrained-extent of 2D geometry and allows interactive exploration of the degrees-of-freedom of the sketch.

The Sketcher is not intended for producing 2D blueprints. Once sketches are used to generate a solid feature, they are automatically hidden and Constraints are only visible in Sketch edit mode. If you only need to produce 2D views for print, and don't want to create 3D models, check out the Draft workbench.

A fully constrained sketch

Constraints

Constraints are used to limit the degrees of freedom of an object. For example, a line without constraints has 4 degrees of freedom (abbreviated as "DoF"): it can be moved horizontally or vertically, it can be stretched, and it can be rotated.

Applying a horizontal or vertical constraint, or an angle constraint (relative to another line or to one of the axes), will limit its capacity to rotate, thus leaving it with 3 degrees of freedom. Locking one of its points in relation to the origin will remove another 2 degrees of freedom. And applying a dimension constraint will remove the last degree of freedom. The line is then considered fully-constrained.

Objects can be constrained in relation to one another. Two lines can be joined through one of their points with the coincident point constraint. An angle can be set between them, or they can be set perpendicular. A line can be tangent to an arc or a circle, and so on. A complex Sketch with multiple objects may have a number of different solutions, and making it fully-constrained can mean that just one of these possible solutions has been reached based on the applied constraints.

There are two kinds of constraints: geometric and dimensional. They are detailed in the Tools section below.

Edit constraints

When a driving dimensional constraint is created, and if the Ask for value after creating a dimensional constraint preference is selected (default), a dialog opens to edit its value.

Sketcher_Edit_Constraint.png

You can enter a numerical value or an expression, and it is possible to name the constraint to facilitate its use in other expressions. You can also check the Reference checkbox to switch the constrain to reference mode.

To edit the value of an existing dimensional constraint do one of the following:

  • Double-click the constraint value in the 3D view.
  • Double-click the constraint in the Sketcher Dialog.
  • Right-click the constraint in the Sketcher Dialog and select the Change value option from the context menu.

Reposition constraints

Dimensional constraints can be repositioned in the 3D view by dragging. Hold down the left mouse button over the constraint value and move the mouse. The symbols of geometric constraints are positioned automatically and cannot be moved.

Profile sketches

To create a sketch that can be used as a profile for generating solids certain rules must be followed:

  • The sketch must contain only closed contours. Gaps between endpoints, however small, are not allowed.
  • Contours can be nested, to create voids, but should not self-intersect or intersect other contours.
  • Contours cannot share edges with other contours. Duplicate edges must be avoided.
  • T-connections, that is more than two edges sharing a common point, or a point touching an edge, are not allowed.

These rules do not apply to construction geometry (default color blue), which is not shown outside edit mode, or if the sketch is used for a different purpose. Depending on the workbench and the tool that will use the profile sketch, additional restrictions may apply.

Drawing aids

The Sketcher Workbench has several drawing aids and other features that can help when creating geometry and applying constraints.

Continue modes

There are two continue modes: Geometry creation "Continue Mode" and Constraint creation "Continue Mode". If these are checked (default) in the preferences, related tools will restart after finishing. To exit an continuous tool press Esc or the right mouse button. This must be repeated if a continuous geometry tool has already received input. You can also exit a continuous tool by starting another geometry or constraint creation tool. Note that pressing Esc if no tool is active will exit sketch edit mode. Uncheck the Esc can leave sketch edit mode preference if you often inadvertently press Esc too many times.

Auto constraints

In sketches that have Auto constraints checked (default) several constraints are applied automatically. The icon of a proposed automatic constraint is shown next to the cursor when it is placed correctly. Left-Clicking will then apply that constraint. This is a per-sketch setting that can be changed in the Sketcher Dialog or by changing the ViewAutoconstraints property of the sketch.

The following constraints are applied automatically:

Snapping

introduced in version 0.21

It is possible to snap to grid lines and grid intersection, to edges of geometry and midpoints of lines and arcs, and to certain angles. Please note that snapping does not produce constraints in and of itself. For example, only if Auto constraints is switched on will snapping to an edge produce a Point on object constraint. But just picking a point on the edge would then have the same result.

On-View-Parameters

introduced in version 1.0

Depending on the selected option in the preferences only the dimensional On-View-Parameters or both the dimensional and the positional On-View-Parameters can be enabled. Positional parameters allow the input of exact coordinates, for example the center of a circle, or the start point of a line. Dimensional parameters allow the input of exact dimensions, for example the radius of a circle, or the length and angle of a line. On-View-Parameters are not available for all tools.

Determining the center point of a circle with the positional parameters enabled

Determining the radius of a circle with the dimensional parameters enabled

If values are entered and confirmed by pressing Enter or Tab, related constraints are added automatically. If two parameters are displayed at the same time, for example the X and Y coordinate of a point, it is possible to enter one value and pick a point to define the other. Depending on the object additional constraints may be required to fully constrain it. Constraints resulting from On-View-Parameters take precedence over those that may result from Auto constraints.

Arc created by entering all On-View-Parameters with resulting automatically created constraints

Coordinate display

If the Show coordinates beside cursor while editing preference is checked (default), the parameters of the current geometry tool (coordinates, radius, or length and angle) are displayed next to the cursor. This is deactivated while On-View-Parameters are shown.

Selection methods

While a sketch is in edit mode the following selection methods can be used:

3D view element selection

As elsewhere in FreeCAD, an element can be selected in the 3D view with a single left mouse click. But there is no need to hold down the Ctrl key when selecting multiple elements. Holding down that key is possible though and has the advantage that you can miss-click without losing the selection. Edges, points and constraints can be selected in this manner.

3D view box selection

Box selection in the 3D view works without using Std BoxSelection or Std BoxElementSelection:

  1. Make sure that no tool is active.
  2. Do one of the following:
    • Click in an empty area and drag a rectangle from left to right to select elements that lie completely inside the rectangle.
    • Click in an empty area and drag a rectangle from right to left to also select elements that touch or cross the rectangle.

You can box-select edges and points, constraints cannot be box-selected.

3D view connected geometry selection

introduced in version 1.0

Double-clicking an edge in the 3D view will select all edges directly and indirectly connected with that edge via endpoints. There is no need for the edges to be connected with Coincident constraints, endpoints need only have the same coordinates.

Sketcher Dialog selection

Edges and points can also be selected from the Elements section of the Sketcher Dialog, and constraints from the Constraints section of that dialog.

Copy, cut and paste

introduced in version 1.0

The standard keyboard shortcuts, Ctrl+C, Ctrl+X and Ctrl+V, can be used to copy, cut and paste selected Sketcher geometry including related constraints. But these tools are also available from the Sketch → Sketcher tools menu. They can be used within the same sketch but also between different sketches or separate instances of FreeCAD. Since the data is copied to the clipboard in the form of Python code, it can be used in other ways too (e.g. shared on the forum).

Tools

The Sketcher Workbench tools are located in the Sketch menu and/or several toolbars. introduced in version 0.21: Almost all Sketcher toolbars are only displayed while a sketch is in edit mode. The only exception is the Sketcher toolbar which is only displayed if no sketch is in edit mode.

Some tools are also available from the 3D view context menu while a sketch is in edit mode, or from the context menus of the Sketcher Dialog.

introduced in version 0.21: If a sketch is in edit mode the Structure toolbar is hidden as none of its tools can then be used.

General

Sketcher toolbar

  • Edit sketch: Opens the Sketcher Dialog to edit an existing sketch.
  • Reorient sketch: Places a sketch on one of the main planes with an optional offset. It can also be used to detach a sketch.
  • Validate sketch: Can analyze and repair a sketch that is no longer editable or has invalid constraints, or add missing coincident constraints.
  • Mirror sketch: Mirrors sketches across their X axis, Y axis, or origin.

Sketcher Edit Mode toolbar

  • View section: Toggles a temporary section plane that hides any objects and parts of objects in front of the sketch plane.

Sketcher edit tools toolbar

Other

  • Stop operation: Stops any currently running geometry or constraint creation tool.

Sketcher geometries

These are tools for creating objects.

  • Create (poly)line:
  • Polyline: Creates a series of line and arc segments connected by their endpoints. The tool has several modes.
  • Create arc:
  • Create circle:
  • Create conic:
Ellipses, hyperbolas and parabolas are called "conics" because they are types of conic sections.
  • Ellipse by center: Creates an ellipse by its center, an endpoint of one of its axes, and a point along the ellipse. introduced in version 1.0: Or by both endpoints of one of its axes and a point along the ellipse.
  • Create B-spline:
  • Create rectangle:
  • Create regular polygon:
  • Square: Creates a square. Idem.
  • Octagon: Creates an octagon. Idem.
  • Regular polygon: Creates a regular polygon. The number of sides can be specified.
  • Create slot:
  • Slot: Creates a slot.
  • Create fillet/chamfer:
  • Edit edge:
  • Trim: Trims an edge at the nearest intersections with other edges.
  • Split: Splits an edge while transferring most constraints.
  • Extend: Extends or shortens a line or an arc to an arbitrary location, or to a target edge or point.
  • External geometry: Projects edges and/or vertices belonging to objects outside the sketch onto the sketch plane.
  • Carbon copy: Copies all geometry and constraints from another sketch into the active sketch.
  • Toggle construction geometry: Either toggles the geometry creation tools to/from construction mode, or toggles selected geometry to/from construction geometry.

Sketcher constraints

These are tools for creating constraints. Some constraints require the use of Helper constraints.

  • Coincident: Creates a coincident constraint between points, or a concentric constraint.
  • Horizontal/vertical constraints:
  • Horizontal: Constrains lines or pairs of points to be horizontal.
  • Vertical: Constrains lines or pairs of points to be vertical.
  • Parallel: Constrains lines to be parallel.
  • Perpendicular: Constrains two lines to be perpendicular, or two edges, or an edge and an axis, to be perpendicular at their intersection. The constraint can also connect two edges, forcing them to be perpendicular at the joint.
  • Tangent or collinear: Constrains two edges, or an edge and an axis, to be tangent. The constraint can also connect two edges, forcing them to be tangent at the joint. If two lines are selected they are made collinear.
  • Equal: Constrains edges to have an equal length (lines) or curvature (other edges except B-splines).
  • Symmetric: Constrains two points to be symmetrical around a line or axis, or around a third point.
  • Block: Blocks edges in place with a single constraint. It is mainly intended for B-splines.
  • Dimensional constraints:
  • Dimension: Is the context-sensitive constraint tool of the Sketcher Workbench. Based on the current selection, it offers appropriate dimensional constraints, but also geometric constraints. introduced in version 1.0
  • Horizontal distance: Fixes the horizontal distance between two points or the endpoints of a line. If a single point is pre-selected, the distance is relative to the origin of the sketch.
  • Vertical distance: Fixes the vertical distance between two points or the endpoints of a line. If a single point is pre-selected, the distance is relative to the origin of the sketch.
  • Distance: Fixes the length of a line, the distance between two points, the perpendicular distance between a point and a line; or, introduced in version 0.21, the distance between the edges of two circles or arcs, or between the edge of a circle or arc and a line; or, introduced in version 1.0, the length of an arc.
  • Auto radius/diameter: Fixes the radius of arcs and B-spline weight circles, and the diameter of circles.
  • Radius: Fixes the radius of circles, arcs and B-spline weight circles.
  • Diameter: Fixes the diameter of circles and arcs.
  • Angle: Fixes the angle between two edges, the angle of a line with the horizontal axis of the sketch, or the aperture angle of a circular arc.
  • Lock: Applies Horizontal distance and Vertical distance constraints to points. If a single point is selected the constraints reference the origin of the sketch. If two or more points are selected the constraints reference the last point in the selection.

Special constraints

  • Refraction (Snell's law): Constrains two lines to follow the law of refraction of light as it penetrates through an interface.

Constraint tools

The these tools change the effect of constraints.

  • Toggle driving/reference constraint: Toggles the dimensional constraint creation tools between driving and reference mode, or toggles selected dimensional constraints between those modes.

Sketcher tools

  • Symmetry: Creates mirrored copies of selected elements.

Sketcher B-spline tools

  • Insert knot: Inserts a knot into a B-spline or increases the multiplicity of an existing knot.

Sketcher visual

Obsolete tools

  • Clone: Clones a Sketcher element. Not available in version 1.0 and above.
  • Close shape: Creates a closed shape by applying coincident constraints to endpoints. Not available in version 0.21 and above.
  • Corner-preserving fillet: Creates a fillet between two non-parallel lines while preserving their corner point. Not available in version 1.0 and above.
  • Connect edges: Connect Sketcher elements by applying coincident constraints to endpoints. Not available in version 0.21 and above.
  • Copy: Copies a Sketcher element. Not available in version 1.0 and above.
  • Move: Moves the selected geometry taking as reference the last selected point. Not available in version 1.0 and above.
  • Rectangular array: Creates an array of selected Sketcher elements. Not available in version 1.0 and above.

Preferences

Best practices

Every CAD user develops their own way of working over time, but there are some useful general principles to follow.

  • A series of simple sketches is easier to manage than a single complex one. For example, a first sketch can be created for the base 3D feature (either a pad or a revolve), while a second one can contain holes or cutouts (pockets). Some details can be left out, to be realized later on as 3D features. You can choose to avoid fillets in your sketch if there are too many, and add them as a 3D feature.
  • Always create a closed profile, or your sketch won't produce a solid, but rather a set of open faces. If you don't want some of the objects to be included in the solid creation, turn them to construction elements with the Construction Mode tool.
  • Use the Auto constraints feature to limit the number of constraints you'll have to add manually.
  • As a general rule, apply geometric constraints first, then dimensional constraints, and lock your sketch last. But remember: rules are made to be broken. If you're having trouble manipulating your sketch, it may be useful to constrain a few objects first before completing your profile.
  • If possible, center your sketch to the origin (0,0) with the Lock constraint. If your sketch is not symmetric, locate one of its points to the origin, or choose nice round numbers for the lock distances.
  • If you have the possibility to choose between the Length constraint and the Horizontal or Vertical distance constraints, prefer the latter. Horizontal and Vertical distance constraints are computationally cheaper.
  • In general, the best constraints to use are: Horizontal and Vertical constraints; Horizontal and Vertical length constraints; point-to-point Tangency. If possible, limit the use of these: the general Length constraint; edge-to-edge Tangency; Point on object constraint; Symmetric constraint.
  • If in doubt about the validity of a sketch once it is complete (features turn green), close the Sketcher dialog and use Validate sketch.

Tutorials

Scripting

The Sketcher scripting page contains examples on how to create constraints from Python scripts.

Examples

For some ideas of what can be achieved with Sketcher tools, have a look at: Sketcher examples.