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{{Docnav
|[[Inspection_Workbench|Inspection Workbench]]
|[[OpenSCAD_Workbench|OpenSCAD Workbench]]
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[[Image:Workbench_Mesh.svg|thumb|128px|Mesh workbench icon]]

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==Introduction==

<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
'''メッシュワークベンチ'''では[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangle_mesh 三角形メッシュ]を取り扱えます。メッシュは3Dオブジェクトの特別なタイプの一つで、エッジと角(頂点とも呼ばれます)によってつながった三角形によって構成されます。
'''メッシュワークベンチ'''では[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangle_mesh 三角形メッシュ]を取り扱えます。メッシュは3Dオブジェクトの特別なタイプの一つで、エッジと角(頂点とも呼ばれます)によってつながった三角形によって構成されます。
</div>


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[[Image:Mesh_example.jpg|An example of a mesh object]]
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sketchup Sketchup]、[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blender_(software) Blender]、 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_(software) Maya]、[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3d_max 3d studio max]といった多くの3Dアプリケーションでは基本となる3Dオブジェクトのタイプとしてメッシュを使用しています。これはメッシュが頂点(点)、エッジ、(三角形)面のみからなる非常にシンプルなオブジェクトで作成や変更、分割、伸縮をとても簡単に行うことができ、劣化なしで容易にアプリケーション間でのやり取りができるためです。また非常にシンプルなデータからできているので3Dアプリケーションは非常に大量のデータであっても普通は問題を起こすことなく扱うことができます。これらの理由からしばしばメッシュは映画やアニメーション、画像作成といったアプリケーションで取り扱う3Dオブジェクトの選択肢となります。
</div>


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An example of a mesh object
しかしエンジニアリング分野ではメッシュには大きな欠点があります。点とラインと面だけでできているせいで非常に融通がききづらいのです。メッシュは面だけで形づくられ、体積情報がないのでソリッドとして振る舞うことができません。メッシュではある点がオブジェクトの内側にあるのか外側にあるのか自動で判定する方法がありません。つまり加算や減算に代表される全てのソリッドベースの操作はメッシュに対して行うことがかなり難しく、エラーが起きやすいのです。
</div>


[[Image:Mesh_example.jpg|500px]]
Many 3D applications use meshes as their primary type of 3D object, like [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sketchup sketchup], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blender_(software) blender], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_(software) maya] or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3d_max 3d studio max]. Since meshes are very simple objects, containing only vertices (points), edges and (triangular) faces, they are very easy to create, modify, subdivide, stretch, and can easily be passed from one application to another without any loss. Besides, since they contain very simple data, 3D applications can usually manage very large quantities of them without any problem. For those reasons, meshes are often the 3D object type of choice for applications dealing with movies, animation, and image creation.


<span id="Tools"></span>
In the field of engineering, however, meshes present one big limitation: They are very dumb objects, only composed of points, lines and faces. They are only made of surfaces, and have no mass information, so they don't behave as solids. In a mesh there is no automatic way to know if a point is inside or outside the object. This means that all solid-based operations, such as addition or subtraction, are always a bit difficult to perform on meshes, and return errors often.
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== メッシュモジュールの使用方法 ==
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In FreeCAD, since it is an engineering application, we would obviously prefer to work with more intelligent types of 3D objects, that can carry more information, such as mass, solid behaviour, or even custom parameters. The mesh module was first created to serve as a testbed, but to be able to read, manipulate and convert meshes is also highly important for FreeCAD. Very often, in your workflow, you will receive 3D data in mesh format. You will need to handle that data, analyse it to detect errors or other problems that prevent converting them to more intelligent objects, and finally, convert them to more intelligent objects, handled by the [[Part Module]].
メッシュモジュールの現在のインターフェイスは非常にシンプルで全ての機能は'''Mesh'''メニューにまとめられています。メッシュに対して行うことのできる操作の中でももっとも重要なものは以下の通りです:


* 複数のファイルフォーマットでのメッシュのインポート
== Using the mesh module ==
* 複数のファイルフォーマットでのメッシュのエクスポート
* [[Part_Workbench|パート]]オブジェクトのメッシュへの変換
* 曲率、面の解析とメッシュを問題なくソリッドに変換できるかどうかのチェック
* メッシュ[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_normal 法線]の反転
* メッシュに開いた穴の穴埋め
* メッシュ面の除去
* メッシュの結合、減算、交差
* 直方体、球、円錐、円筒といったメッシュプリミティブの作成
* ラインに沿ったメッシュの切断
</div>


* [[Image:Mesh_Import.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_Import|Import mesh...]]: Imports a mesh object from a file.
The mesh module has currently a very simple interface, all its functions are grouped in the '''Mesh''' menu entry. The most important operations you can currently do with meshes are:
* [[Image:Mesh_ImportMesh.png|32px]] [[Mesh Import|Import Mesh]]: Import meshes in several file formats
* [[Image:Mesh_ExportMesh.png|32px]] [[Mesh Export|Export Mesh]]: Export meshes in several file formats
* [[Image:Mesh MeshFromShape.png|32px]] [[Mesh MeshFromShape|Create Mesh from shape]]: Convert [[Part Module|Part]] objects into meshes
* [[Image:Mesh HarmonizeNormals.png|32px]] [[Mesh HarmonizeNormals|Harmonize Normals]]: Harmonize normals
* [[Image:Mesh_FlipNormals.png|32px]] [[Mesh FlipNormals|Flip Normals]]: Flip [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_normal normals]
* [[Mesh FillHoles|Fill Holes...]]: Fill up holes
* [[Image:Mesh_FillInteractiveHole.png|32px]] [[Mesh FillInteractiveHole|Close hole]]: Close holes in meshes
* [[Image:Mesh_RemoveComponents.png|32px]] [[Mesh RemoveComponents|Remove components...]]: Remove components of meshes
* [[Mesh RemoveCompByHand|Remove components by hand...]]: Remove components of meshes by hand
* [[Mesh AddTriangle|Add triangle]]: Add triangle
* [[Mesh Smooth|Smooth...]]: Smooth mesh


* [[Image:Mesh_Export.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_Export|Export mesh...]]: Exports a mesh object to a file.


* [[Image:Mesh_FromPartShape.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_FromPartShape|Create mesh from shape...]]: Creates mesh objects from shape objects.
* '''Analyze''' curvature, faces, and check if a mesh can be safely converted into a solid
** [[Mesh EvaluateRepair|Evaluate & Repair mesh...]]: Evaluates and repairs meshes
** [[Image:Mesh EvaluateFacet.png|32px]] [[Mesh EvaluateFacet|Face Info]]: Gives info on faces
** [[Mesh EvaluateCurvature|Curvature Info]]: Gives info on curvature
** [[Mesh EvaluateSolid|Check solid mesh]]: Checks the solid if it can be converted to a mesh
** [[Mesh BoundingBox|Boundings info...]]: Evaluates the bounding box of a mesh


* [[Image:Mesh_RemeshGmsh.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_RemeshGmsh|Refinement...]]: Remeshes a mesh object.


* Analyze
* [[Image:Mesh_Regular_Solid.png|32px]] [[Mesh BuildRegularSolid|Regular solid...]] Create mesh primitives, like cubes, cylinders, cones, or spheres:
** [[Image:Mesh_Cube.png|32px]] Create a mesh cube
** [[Image:Mesh_Evaluation.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_Evaluation|Evaluate and repair mesh...]]: Evaluates and repairs a mesh object.
** [[Image:Mesh_Cylinder.png|32px]] Create a mesh cylinder
** [[Image:Mesh_EvaluateFacet.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_EvaluateFacet|Face info]]: Shows information about faces of mesh objects.
** [[Image:Mesh_CurvatureInfo.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_CurvatureInfo|Curvature info]]: Shows the absolute curvature of [[Mesh_VertexCurvature|curvature objects]] at selected points.
** [[Image:Mesh_Cone.png|32px]] Create a mesh cone
** [[Image:Mesh_Sphere.png|32px]] Create a mesh sphere
** [[Image:Mesh_EvaluateSolid.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_EvaluateSolid|Check solid mesh]]: Checks if a mesh object is solid.
** [[Image:Mesh_Ellipsoid.png|32px]] Create a mesh ellipsoid
** [[Image:Mesh_BoundingBox.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_BoundingBox|Boundings info...]]: Shows the bounding box coordinates of a mesh object.
** [[Image:Mesh_Torus.png|32px]] Create a mesh torus


* [[Image:Mesh_VertexCurvature.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_VertexCurvature|Curvature plot]]: Creates Mesh Curvature objects for mesh objects.


* [[Image:Mesh_HarmonizeNormals.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_HarmonizeNormals|Harmonize normals]]: Harmonizes the normals of mesh objects.
* Do '''Boolean''' operations with meshes
** [[Mesh Union|Union]]: Does a union (fusion) on meshes
** [[Mesh Intersection|Intersection]]: Does an intersection (common) on meshes
** [[Mesh Difference|Difference]]: Does a difference (cut) on meshes


* [[Image:Mesh_FlipNormals.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_FlipNormals|Flip normals]]: Flips the normals of mesh objects.


* [[Image:Mesh_FillupHoles.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_FillupHoles|Fill holes...]]: Fills holes in mesh objects.
* [[Mesh Merge|Merge]]: Merges meshes
* [[Mesh SelectMesh|Select Mesh]]: Selects meshes
* [[Image:Mesh Cut.png|32px]] [[Mesh Cut|Cut mesh]]: Cut meshes along a line
* [[Mesh SplitMesh|Split Mesh]]: Splits meshes
* [[Image:Mesh MakeSegment.png|32px]] [[Mesh MakeSegment|Make segment]]: Makes a segment
* [[Mesh TrimMesh|Trim mesh]]: Trims meshes
* [[Mesh TrimMeshWithPlane|Trim mesh with a plane]]: Trims meshes with a plane
* [[Mesh CreateMeshSegment|Create mesh segments...]]: Creates mesh segments
* [[Image:Mesh_CurvaturePlot.png|32px]] [[Mesh CurvaturePlot|Curvature Plot]]: Creates a curvature plot


* [[Image:Mesh_FillInteractiveHole.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_FillInteractiveHole|Close hole]]: Fills selected holes in mesh objects.


* [[Image:Mesh_AddFacet.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_AddFacet|Add triangle]]: Adds faces along a boundary of an open mesh object.
* [[Image:Preferences-import-export.svg|32px]] [[Import_Export_Preference|Preference ...]] Import Export


* [[Image:Mesh_RemoveComponents.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_RemoveComponents|Remove components...]]: Removes faces from mesh objects.
These are only some of the basic operations currently present in the Mesh module interface.
<br />
More mesh tools are available in the [[OpenSCAD Workbench]].
<br />
But the FreeCAD meshes can also be handled in many more ways by [[Mesh Scripting| scripting]].


* [[Image:Mesh_RemoveCompByHand.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_RemoveCompByHand|Remove components by hand...]]: Removes components from mesh objects.
==Links==


* [[Image:Mesh_Segmentation.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_Segmentation|Create mesh segments...]]: Creates separate mesh segments for specified surface types of a mesh object.
* [[FreeCAD_and_Mesh_Import|FreeCAD and Mesh Import]]


* [[Image:Mesh_SegmentationBestFit.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_SegmentationBestFit|Create mesh segments from best-fit surfaces...]]: Creates separate mesh segments for specified surface types of a mesh object, and can identify their parameters.

* [[Image:Mesh_Smoothing.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_Smoothing|Smooth...]]: Smooths mesh objects.

* [[Image:Mesh_Decimating.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_Decimating|Decimation...]]: Reduces the number of faces in mesh objects.

* [[Image:Mesh_Scale.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_Scale|Scale...]]: Scales mesh objects.

* [[Image:Mesh_BuildRegularSolid.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_BuildRegularSolid|Regular solid...]]: Creates a regular parametric solid mesh object.

* Boolean
** [[Image:Mesh_Union.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_Union|Union]]: Creates a mesh object that is the union of two mesh objects.
** [[Image:Mesh_Intersection.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_Intersection|Intersection]]: Creates a mesh object that is the intersection of two mesh objects.
** [[Image:Mesh_Difference.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_Difference|Difference]]: Creates a mesh object that is the difference of two mesh objects.

* Cutting
** [[Image:Mesh_PolyCut.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_PolyCut|Cut mesh]]: Cuts whole faces from mesh objects.
** [[Image:Mesh_PolyTrim.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_PolyTrim|Trim mesh]]: Trims faces and parts of faces from mesh objects.
** [[Image:Mesh_TrimByPlane.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_TrimByPlane|Trim mesh with a plane]]: Trims faces and parts of faces on one side of a plane from a mesh object.
** [[Image:Mesh_SectionByPlane.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_SectionByPlane|Create section from mesh and plane]]: Creates a cross section across a mesh object.
** [[Image:Mesh_CrossSections.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_CrossSections|Cross-sections...]]: Creates multiple cross sections across mesh objects.

* [[Image:Mesh_Merge.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_Merge|Merge]]: Creates a mesh object by combining the meshes of two or more mesh objects.

* [[Image:Mesh_SplitComponents.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_SplitComponents|Split by components]]: Splits a mesh object into its components.

* [[Image:MeshPart_CreateFlatMesh.svg|32px]] [[MeshPart_CreateFlatMesh|Unwrap mesh]]: Creates a flat representation of a mesh object.

* [[Image:MeshPart_CreateFlatFace.svg|32px]] [[MeshPart_CreateFlatFace|Unwrap face]]: Creates a flat representation of a face of a shape object.

==Preferences==

There are some [[Import_Export_Preferences#Mesh_Formats|export preferences related to Mesh Formats]] but these are not used by commands belonging to this workbench. They are used by the [[Std_Export|Std Export]] command.

Mesh Workbench preferences can be found in the following categories of the [[Preferences_Editor|Preferences Editor]]:
* [[Image:Preferences-display.svg|32px]] [[Preferences_Editor#Display|Display]]: On the [[Preferences_Editor#Mesh_view|Mesh view]] tab several preferences can be set.
* [[Image:Preferences-openscad.svg|32px]] [[OpenSCAD_Preferences|OpenSCAD]]: The [[Mesh_Union|Mesh Union]], [[Mesh_Intersection|Mesh Intersection]] and [[Mesh_Difference|Mesh Difference]] commands require [http://www.openscad.org/ OpenSCAD] and use the '''OpenSCAD executable''' preference to find its executable.

<span id="Notes"></span>
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==リンク==
</div>

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* [[FreeCAD_and_Mesh_Import|FreeCAD and Mesh Import]]
</div>




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{{docnav|PartDesign Workbench|OpenSCAD Module}}
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Latest revision as of 13:17, 26 November 2023

Mesh workbench icon

Introduction

メッシュワークベンチでは三角形メッシュを取り扱えます。メッシュは3Dオブジェクトの特別なタイプの一つで、エッジと角(頂点とも呼ばれます)によってつながった三角形によって構成されます。

SketchupBlenderMaya3d studio maxといった多くの3Dアプリケーションでは基本となる3Dオブジェクトのタイプとしてメッシュを使用しています。これはメッシュが頂点(点)、エッジ、(三角形)面のみからなる非常にシンプルなオブジェクトで作成や変更、分割、伸縮をとても簡単に行うことができ、劣化なしで容易にアプリケーション間でのやり取りができるためです。また非常にシンプルなデータからできているので3Dアプリケーションは非常に大量のデータであっても普通は問題を起こすことなく扱うことができます。これらの理由からしばしばメッシュは映画やアニメーション、画像作成といったアプリケーションで取り扱う3Dオブジェクトの選択肢となります。

しかしエンジニアリング分野ではメッシュには大きな欠点があります。点とラインと面だけでできているせいで非常に融通がききづらいのです。メッシュは面だけで形づくられ、体積情報がないのでソリッドとして振る舞うことができません。メッシュではある点がオブジェクトの内側にあるのか外側にあるのか自動で判定する方法がありません。つまり加算や減算に代表される全てのソリッドベースの操作はメッシュに対して行うことがかなり難しく、エラーが起きやすいのです。

メッシュモジュールの使用方法

メッシュモジュールの現在のインターフェイスは非常にシンプルで全ての機能はMeshメニューにまとめられています。メッシュに対して行うことのできる操作の中でももっとも重要なものは以下の通りです:

  • 複数のファイルフォーマットでのメッシュのインポート
  • 複数のファイルフォーマットでのメッシュのエクスポート
  • パートオブジェクトのメッシュへの変換
  • 曲率、面の解析とメッシュを問題なくソリッドに変換できるかどうかのチェック
  • メッシュ法線の反転
  • メッシュに開いた穴の穴埋め
  • メッシュ面の除去
  • メッシュの結合、減算、交差
  • 直方体、球、円錐、円筒といったメッシュプリミティブの作成
  • ラインに沿ったメッシュの切断
  • Close hole: Fills selected holes in mesh objects.
  • Add triangle: Adds faces along a boundary of an open mesh object.
  • Boolean
    • Union: Creates a mesh object that is the union of two mesh objects.
    • Intersection: Creates a mesh object that is the intersection of two mesh objects.
    • Difference: Creates a mesh object that is the difference of two mesh objects.
  • Merge: Creates a mesh object by combining the meshes of two or more mesh objects.
  • Unwrap mesh: Creates a flat representation of a mesh object.
  • Unwrap face: Creates a flat representation of a face of a shape object.

Preferences

There are some export preferences related to Mesh Formats but these are not used by commands belonging to this workbench. They are used by the Std Export command.

Mesh Workbench preferences can be found in the following categories of the Preferences Editor:

リンク