Tutorial Draft Forma da Testo
Tutorial |
Argomento |
---|
Product design |
Livello di difficoltà |
Base |
Tempo di esecuzione |
30 minuti |
Autori |
r-frank e vocx |
Versione di FreeCAD |
0.17 o superiore |
Files di esempio |
Draft_Shapestring_Text |
Vedere anche |
Nessuno |
Introduzione
This tutorial was originally written by Roland Frank (†2017, r-frank), and it was rewritten and re-illustrated by vocx.
This tutorial describes a method to create 3D text and use it with solid objects in the Part Workbench. We will discuss how to
- insert outlined text with the Draft ShapeString tool,
- extrude it to be a 3D solid with Part Extrude,
- position it in 3D space using placement, and Draft Move (it uses a sketch as auxiliary geometry), and
- engrave the text by applying a boolean Part Cut.
To use ShapeStrings inside the PartDesign Workbench, the process is essentially the same as with the Part Workbench, but the ShapeString is placed inside the PartDesign Body to extrude it. Go to the end of this tutorial for more information.
Final model of the engraved text.
Per disegnare una linea ausiliaria viene utilizzato l'ambiente Sketcher. Maggiori informazioni sugli strumenti di questo workbench sono disponibili in
Setup
1. Open FreeCAD, create a new empty document with File → New, and switch to the Part Workbench.
- 1.1. Press the View isometric button, or press 0 in the numerical pad of your keyboard, to change the view to isometric to visualize the 3D solids better.
- 1.2. Press the View fit all button whenever you add objects in order to pan and zoom the 3D view so that all elements are seen in the view.
- 1.3. Hold Ctrl while you click to select multiple items. If you selected something wrong or want to de-select everything, just click on empty space in the 3D view.
Creare la forma di base
2. Insert a primitive cube by clicking on Box.
- 2.1. Select
Cube
in the tree view. - 2.2. Change the dimensions in the Data tab of the property editor.
- 2.3. Change Width to
31 mm
.
3. Create a chamfer.
- 3.1. Select the upper edge (
Edge6
) on the front face of theCube
in the 3D view. - 3.2. Press Chamfer.
- 3.3. In the Chamfer edges task panel go to Selection, choose Select edges. As Fillet type choose
Constant length
, then set Length to5 mm
. - 3.4. Press OK. This will create a
Chamfer
object. - 3.5. In the tree view, select
Chamfer
, in the View tab change the value of Line Width to2.0
.
Base object created from a cube and a chamfer operation.
Inserire il testo con lo strumento ShapeString di Draft
4. Switch to the Draft Workbench.
- 4.1. Make sure nothing is selected in the tree view.
- 4.2. Establish the working plane to XY (Top) by clicking on SelectPlane and pressing Top (XY).
5. Insert the text "FreeCAD".
- 5.1. Press on ShapeString.
- 5.2. Change X to
0 mm
. - 5.3. Change Y to
0 mm
. - 5.4. Change Z to
0 mm
. - 5.5. Or press Reset point.
- 5.6. Change String to
FreeCAD
; change Height to5 mm
; change Tracking to0 mm
. - 5.7. Make sure Font file points to a valid font, for example,
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/dejavu/DejaVuSans.ttf
. Press the ellipsis ... to open the operating system's dialog to find a font. - 5.8. Press OK. This will create a
ShapeString
object. - 5.9. Recompute the document by pressing Refresh.
- 5.10. In the tree view, select
ShapeString
, in the View tab change the value of Line Width to2.0
. - 5.11. In the tree view, select
Chamfer
, in the View tab change the value of Visibility tofalse
, or press Space in the keyboard. This will hide the object, so you can see theShapeString
better. - 5.12. To see the ShapeString from above change the view by pressing Top (XY), or 2 in the keyboard.
- 5.13. To restore the view to isometric, press View isometric, or 0 in the keyboard.
Text created as a ShapeString, that is, as a collection of edges in a plane.
Creare il testo 3D
- Passare all'ambiente Part
- Assicurarsi che nella struttura ad albero l'oggetto Shapestring sia selezionato
- Usare lo strumento Estrusione di Part con i parametri:
- estrusione Z=1 mm
- assicurarsi di spuntare "Crea solido"
- usare "OK" per terminare l'estrusione delle parti
- Assicurarsi che l'oggetto "Estrusione" sia selezionato nella vista ad albero e premere <Spazio> per commutare la visibilità in visibile
6. Switch back to the Part Workbench.
- 6.1. In the tree view, select
ShapeString
, then press Extrude. - 6.2. In the Extrude task panel go to Direction, choose Along normal; in Length, set Along to
1 mm
; also tick the Create solid option. - 6.3. Press OK. This will create an
Extrude
object. - 6.4. In the tree view, select
Extrude
, in the View tab change the value of Line Width to2.0
.
Text created as a ShapeString, and turned into a solid by extrusion.
Inserire lo schizzo per il posizionamento
- Passare nell'ambiente Schizzo
- Assicurarsi che l'oggetto "Smusso" sia selezionato nella vista ad albero e premere <Spazio> per commutare la visibilità in visibile
- Scegliere la faccia inclinata creata dall'operazione smusso
- Cliccare su per inserire un nuovo schizzo
- Disegnare una linea (può essere orizzontale o verticale, la lunghezza non è importante ...)
- Vincolare uno dei punti finali a +2,5 mm di distanza verticale e +2,5 mm di distanza orizzontale dall'origine
- Chiudere lo schizzo
Now we will draw a simple sketch that will be used as auxiliary geometry to position the ShapeString extrusion.
7. In the tree view, select Extrude
, and press Space in the keyboard to make it invisible.
8. Switch to the Sketcher Workbench.
9. In the tree view, select Chamfer
, and press Space in the keyboard to make it visible.
- 9.1. Choose the sloped face created by the chamfer operation (
Face3
). - 9.2. Click on NewSketch. In the Sketch attachment dialog, select
FlatFace
, and press OK. - 9.3. The view should adjust automatically so that the camera is parallel to the selected face.
- 9.4. Draw a horizontal line in a general position on top of the face. The length is not important; we are just interested in its position.
- 9.5. Constrain the left endpoint to be
2.5 mm
away from the local X axis and from the local Y axis, using ConstrainDistanceX and ConstrainDistanceY. - 9.6. Since the sketch is just an auxiliary object, we don't need to have it fully constrained. You can do this if you wish by assigning a fixed distance, say,
20 mm
, again with ConstrainDistanceX. - 9.7. Close the sketch.
Line being created with the sketcher, with constraints.
Sketch line created on top of the solid face, to be used as reference guide for positioning the extruded text.
Posizionare il testo 3D nello spazio 3D
- Assicurarsi che l'oggetto "Estrusione" sia selezionato nella vista ad albero e premere <Spazio> per commutare la visibilità in visibile
- Assicurarsi che nella vista ad albero sia selezionato l'oggetto "Estrusione"
- Applicare un posizionamento incrementale, asse di rotazione Z=90°
- Applicare un posizionamento incrementale, asse di rotazione Y=45°
- Passare nell'ambiente Draft
- Passare alla modalità di vista Wireframe
- Assicurarsi che sia attivo solo l'aggancio a un "Punto finale" Draft->Snap->Snap a un punto finale
- Selezionare l'oggetto "Estrusione"
- Cliccare su
- Nella vista 3D cliccare sul punto più alto dell'angolo sinistro dell'oggetto "Estrusione" (1) e quindi fare clic sul punto vincolato nello schizzo (2)
10. In the tree view, select Extrude
, and press Space in the keyboard to make it visible.
11. In the tree view, select Extrude
, in the Data tab of the property editor, click on the Placement value so the ellipsis button ... appears on the right.
- 11.1. Tick the option Apply incremental changes.
- 11.2. Change the Rotation to
Rotation axis with angle
; Axis toZ
, and Angle to90 deg
, then click on Apply. This will apply a rotation around the Z-axis, and will reset the Angle field to zero. - 11.3. Change the Rotation to
Rotation axis with angle
; Axis toY
, and Angle to45 deg
, then click on Apply. This will apply a rotation around the Y-axis, and will reset the Angle field to zero. - 11.4. Click on OK to close the dialog.
12. Switch again to the Draft Workbench.
- 12.1. Switch to "Wireframe" draw style with View → Draw style → Wireframe, or press the Wireframe button in the view toolbar. This will allow you to see the objects behind other objects.
- 12.2. Make sure the Draft Snap "Snap to endpoint" method is active. This can be done from the menu Draft → Snapping → File:Draft ToggleSnap.svg Toggle On/Off, and then → File:Snap Endpoint.svg Endpoint, or by pressing the File:Draft ToggleSnap.svg ToggleSnap and File:Snap Endpoint.svg Snap endpoint buttons in the Snap toolbar.
13. In the tree view, select Extrude
.
- 13.1. Click on Move.
- 13.2. In the 3D view click on the upper left corner point of the
Extrude
object (1), and then click on the leftmost point in the line drawn with the sketcher (2). - 13.3. If File:Snap Endpoint.svg Snap endpoint is active, as soon as you move the pointer close to a vertex, you should see that it attaches to it exactly.
- Note: if you have problems snapping to vertices, make sure only the File:Snap Endpoint.svg Snap endpoint method is enabled. Having multiple snapping methods active at the same time may make it difficult to select the right feature.
- 13.4. The extruded text should now be inside the body of the
Fillet
object.
The extruded ShapeString should be moved to the position of the sketched line that lies on the face of the base body.
Extruded ShapeString positioned in the Fillet
.
Creare il testo inciso
- Passare all'ambiente Part
- Passare alla modalità di vista "Come è"
- Nella vista ad albero selezionare il testo 3D ("estrusione") e poi l'oggetto di base ("smusso")
- Applicare un taglio booleano cliccando su
- Assicurarsi che nella vista ad albero sia selezionato l'oggetto "Sketch"
- Premere <Spazio> per commutare la visibilità
- Cliccare su per passare alla vista isometrica
- Cliccare su File:View-zoom-all.svg per adattare la vista all'oggetto
- Finito
14. Switch back to the Part Workbench.
- 14.1. Switch to "As is" draw style with View → Draw style → As is, or press the As is button in the view toolbar. This will show all objects with the normal shading and color.
- 14.2. In the tree view, select
Sketch
, and press Space in the keyboard to make it invisible.
15. In the tree view select Chamfer
first, and then Extrude
.
- 15.1. Then press Cut. This will create a
Cut
object. This is the final object. - Note: the order in which you select the objects is important for the cut operation. The base object is selected first, and the subtracting object comes at the end.
- 15.2. In the tree view, select
Cut
, in the View tab change the value of Line Width to2.0
.
Final model of a filleted cube, with carved text created from a ShapeString, Extrude, and boolean Cut operations.
Engraving 3D text with the PartDesign Workbench
A similar process as described above can be done with the PartDesign Workbench.
- Create the Draft ShapeString first.
- Create a PartDesign Body, make it active, and add a base solid by adding primitives, or using a Sketch and extruding it with PartDesign Pad.
- Move the
ShapeString
object into the active body. - Attach the
ShapeString
object to one of the faces of the solid, or to a PartDesign Plane, using Part Attachment. - Now create a PartDesign Pad or a PartDesign Pocket from the
ShapeString
, in order to produce an additive or a subtractive feature of the base body, respectively.
See the forum thread, How to use ShapeStrings in PartDesign.
Note
- Per creare un testo curvo è possibile utilizzare la macro Testo circolare
- Per importare un testo da Inkscape vedere il tutorial Importare testo e geometria da Inkscape
- L'estrusione della Forma stringa di testo può essere fatta anche con lo strumento Pad di PartDesign
- Ricordare che l'oggetto DraftShapestring non può essere mappato su una faccia (quindi non è possibile nessun comando Tasca )
- To create curved text you can use the macro Circular Text.
- To import text from an SVG file look at the Import text and geometry from Inkscape tutorial.
- Primitives: Box, Cylinder, Sphere, Cone, Torus, Tube, Create primitives, Shape builder
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- Subtractive tools: Pocket, Hole, Groove, Subtractive loft, Subtractive pipe, Subtractive helix, Subtractive box, Subtractive cylinder, Subtractive sphere, Subtractive cone, Subtractive ellipsoid, Subtractive torus, Subtractive prism, Subtractive wedge
- Boolean: Boolean operation
- Dress-up tools: Fillet, Chamfer, Draft, Thickness
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- Extras: Migrate, Sprocket, Involute gear, Shaft design wizard
- Context menu: Set tip, Move object to other body, Move object after other object, Appearance, Color per face
- Preferences: Preferences, Fine tuning
- General: Create sketch, Edit sketch, Attach sketch, Reorient sketch, Validate sketch, Merge sketches, Mirror sketch, Leave sketch, View sketch, View section, Toggle grid, Toggle snap, Configure rendering order, Stop operation
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- Other constraints: Refraction (Snell's law)
- Constraint tools: Toggle driving/reference constraint, Activate/deactivate constraint
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- Sketcher visual: Select unconstrained DoF, Select associated constraints, Select associated geometry, Select redundant constraints, Select conflicting constraints, Show/hide circular helper for arcs, Show/hide B-spline degree, Show/hide B-spline control polygon, Show/hide B-spline curvature comb, Show/hide B-spline knot multiplicity, Show/hide B-spline control point weight, Show/hide internal geometry, Switch virtual space
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