Part Module/ja: Difference between revisions

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{{Docnav
{{Docnav
|[[OpenSCAD Module|OpenSCAD Module]]
|[[OpenSCAD_Workbench|OpenSCAD Workbench]]
|[[PartDesign Workbench|PartDesign Workbench]]
|[[PartDesign_Workbench|PartDesign Workbench]]
|IconL=Workbench_OpenSCAD.svg
|IconL=Workbench_OpenSCAD.svg
|IconR=Workbench_PartDesign.svg
|IconR=Workbench_PartDesign.svg
}}
}}


[[Image:Workbench_Part.svg|240px|center]]
[[Image:Workbench_Part.svg|thumb|128px|Part workbench icon]]

{{Caption|align=center|The FreeCAD Part Workbench Icon}}
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== Introduction ==


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FreeCADのCAD機能は[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_CASCADE OpenCasCade]カーネルをその基礎としています。FreeCADはパートモジュールによってOpenCasCadeオブジェクトとその機能へのアクセス・利用を行なっています。OpenCascadeはプロフェッショナル用のCADカーネルでその機能は3D形状操作、3D形状オブジェクトに特化しています。[[Mesh Module/jp|メッシュモジュール]] のオブジェクトと異なりパートオブジェクトはより複雑で、明確なブーリアン演算、変更履歴、パラメトリックな動作などのより高度な処理が可能です。
FreeCADのCAD機能は[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_CASCADE OpenCasCade]カーネルをその基礎としています。FreeCADはパートモジュールによってOpenCasCadeオブジェクトとその機能へのアクセス・利用を行なっています。OpenCascadeはプロフェッショナル用のCADカーネルでその機能は3D形状操作、3D形状オブジェクトに特化しています。[[Mesh Workbench/ja|メッシュモジュール]] のオブジェクトと異なりパートオブジェクトはより複雑で、明確なブーリアン演算、変更履歴、パラメトリックな動作などのより高度な処理が可能です。
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A more detailed discussion of Part workbench versus Part Design workbench can be found here: [[Part_and_PartDesign|Part and Part Design]].
The objects created with the Part Workbench are relatively simple; they are intended to be used with boolean operations (unions and cuts) in order to build more complex shapes. '''This modeling paradigm is known as the [[constructive solid geometry]] (CSG) workflow, and it was the traditional methodology used in early CAD systems.''' On the other hand, the [[PartDesign Workbench|PartDesign Workbench]] provides a more modern workflow to constructing shapes: it uses a parametrically defined sketch, that is extruded to form a basic solid body, which is then modified by parametric transformations ([[feature editing|feature editing]]), until the final object is obtained.


The objects created with the Part Workbench are relatively simple; they are intended to be used with boolean operations (unions and cuts) in order to build more complex shapes. '''This modeling paradigm is known as the [[Constructive_solid_geometry|constructive solid geometry]] (CSG) workflow, and it was the traditional methodology used in early CAD systems.''' On the other hand, the [[PartDesign_Workbench|PartDesign Workbench]] provides a more modern workflow to constructing shapes: it uses a parametrically defined sketch, that is extruded to form a basic solid body, which is then modified by parametric transformations ([[feature_editing|feature editing]]), until the final object is obtained.
Part objects are more complex than mesh objects created with the [[Mesh Workbench|Mesh Workbench]], as they permit more advanced operations like coherent boolean operations, modifications history, and parametric behaviour.


Part objects are more complex than mesh objects created with the [[Mesh_Workbench|Mesh Workbench]], as they permit more advanced operations like coherent boolean operations, modifications history, and parametric behaviour.
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[[Image:Part example.jpg]]


[[Image:Part_Workbench_relationships.svg|600px]]
[[Image:Part_Workbench_relationships.svg|600px]]


{{Caption|The Part Workbench is the basic layer that exposes the OCCT drawing functions to all workbenches in FreeCAD}}
{{Caption|The Part Workbench is the basic layer that exposes the OCCT drawing functions to all workbenches in FreeCAD.}}


<span id="Tools"></span>
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=== ツール ===
=== ツール ===
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===Primitives===
=== Primitives ===


These are tools for creating primitive objects.
These are tools for creating primitive objects.


* [[Image:Part_Box.svg|32px]] [[Part_Box|Box]]: Draws a box by specifying its dimensions
* [[Image:Part_Box.svg|32px]] [[Part_Box|Box]]: Creates a box.
* [[Image:Part_Cylinder.svg|32px]] [[Part_Cylinder|Cylinder]]: Draws a cylinder by specifying its dimensions
* [[Image:Part_Sphere.svg|32px]] [[Part_Sphere|Sphere]]: Draws a sphere by specifying its dimensions
* [[Image:Part_Cone.svg|32px]] [[Part_Cone|Cone]]: Draws a cone by specifying its dimensions
* [[Image:Part_Torus.svg|32px]] [[Part_Torus|Torus]]: Draws a torus (ring) by specifying its dimensions
* [[Image:Part_CreatePrimitives.svg|32px]] [[Part_CreatePrimitives|CreatePrimitives]]: A tool to create various parametric geometric primitives
* [[Image:Part_Shapebuilder.svg|32px]] [[Part_Shapebuilder|Shapebuilder]]: A tool to create more complex shapes from various parametric geometric primitives


* [[Image:Part_Cylinder.svg|32px]] [[Part_Cylinder|Cylinder]]: Creates a cylinder.
===Modifying objects===


* [[Image:Part_Sphere.svg|32px]] [[Part_Sphere|Sphere]]: Creates a sphere.
These are tools for modifying existing objects. They will allow you to choose which object to modify.


* [[Image:Part_Extrude.svg|32px]] [[Part_Extrude|Extrude]]: Extrudes planar faces of an object
* [[Image:Part_Cone.svg|32px]] [[Part_Cone|Cone]]: Creates a cone.
* [[Image:Part_Revolve.svg|32px]] [[Part_Revolve|Revolve]]: Creates a solid by revolving another object (not solid) around an axis
* [[Image:Part_Mirror.svg|32px]] [[Part_Mirror|Mirror]]: Mirrors the selected object on a given mirror plane
* [[Image:Part_Fillet.svg|32px]] [[Part_Fillet|Fillet]]: Fillets (rounds) edges of an object
* [[Image:Part_Chamfer.svg|32px]] [[Part_Chamfer|Chamfer]]: Chamfers edges of an object
* [[Image:Part_RuledSurface.svg|32px]] [[Part_RuledSurface|Ruled Surface]]:
* [[Image:Part_Loft.svg|32px]] [[Part_Loft|Loft]]: Lofts from one profile to another
* [[Image:Part_Sweep.svg|32px]] [[Part_Sweep|Sweep]]: Sweeps one or more profiles along a path


* [[Image:Part_CompOffsetTools.png|48px]] [[Part_CompOffsetTools|Offset tools]]:
* [[Image:Part_Torus.svg|32px]] [[Part_Torus|Torus]]: Creates a torus.
** [[Image:Part_Offset.svg|32px]] [[Part_Offset|3D Offset]]: Constructs a parallel shape at a certain distance from original.
** [[Image:Part_Offset2D.svg|32px]] [[Part_Offset2D|2D Offset]]: Constructs a parallel wire at certain distance from original, or enlarges/shrinks a planar face. {{Version|0.17}}


* [[Image:Part_Thickness.svg|32px]] [[Part_Thickness|Thickness]]: Hollows out a solid, leaving openings next to select faces.
* [[File:Part_Tube.svg|32px]] [[Part_Tube|Tube]]: Creates a tube.


* [[Image:Part_Primitives.svg|32px]] [[Part_Primitives|Create primitives...]]: A tool to create one of the following primitives:
* [[Image:Part_ProjectionOnSurface.png|32px]] [[Part_ProjectionOnSurface|Projection on surface]]: Project a logo, text or any face,wire,edge to a surface. With the projection part it is possible to create a solid or wire. {{Version|0.19}}
**[[Image:Part_Plane.svg|32px]] [[Part_Plane|Plane]]: Creates a plane.
**[[Image:Tree_Part_Box_Parametric.svg|32px]] [[Part_Box|Box]]: Creates a box. This object can also be created with the [[Image:Part_Box.svg|32px]] [[Part_Box|Box]] tool.
**[[Image:Tree_Part_Cylinder_Parametric.svg|32px]] [[Part_Cylinder|Cylinder]]: Creates a cylinder. This object can also be created with the [[Image:Part_Cylinder.svg|32px]] [[Part_Cylinder|Cylinder]] tool.
**[[Image:Tree_Part_Cone_Parametric.svg|32px]] [[Part_Cone|Cone]]: Creates a cone. This object can also be created with the [[Image:Part_Cone.svg|32px]] [[Part_Cone|Cone]] tool.
**[[Image:Tree_Part_Sphere_Parametric.svg|32px]] [[Part_Sphere|Sphere]]: Creates a sphere. This object can also be created with the [[Image:Part_Sphere.svg|32px]] [[Part_Sphere|Sphere]] tool.
**[[Image:Part_Ellipsoid.svg|32px]] [[Part_Ellipsoid|Ellipsoid]]: Creates a ellipsoid.
**[[Image:Tree_Part_Torus_Parametric.svg|32px]] [[Part_Torus|Torus]]: Creates a torus. This object can also be created with the [[Image:Part_Torus.svg|32px]] [[Part_Torus|Torus]] tool.
**[[Image:Part_Prism.svg|32px]] [[Part_Prism|Prism]]: Creates a prism.
**[[Image:Part_Wedge.svg|32px]] [[Part_Wedge|Wedge]]: Creates a wedge.
**[[Image:Part_Helix.svg|32px]] [[Part_Helix|Helix]]: Creates a helix.
**[[Image:Part_Spiral.svg|32px]] [[Part_Spiral|Spiral]]: Creates a spiral.
**[[Image:Part_Circle.svg|32px]] [[Part_Circle|Circle]]: Creates a circular arc.
**[[Image:Part_Ellipse.svg|32px]] [[Part_Ellipse|Ellipse]]: Creates an elliptical arc.
**[[Image:Part_Point.svg|32px]] [[Part_Point|Point]]: Creates a point.
**[[Image:Part_Line.svg|32px]] [[Part_Line|Line]]: Creates a line.
**[[Image:Part_RegularPolygon.svg|32px]] [[Part_RegularPolygon|Regular polygon]]: Creates a regular polygon.


* [[Image:Part_Compound.svg|48px]] [[Part_CompCompoundTools|Compound Tools]]:
* [[Image:Part_Builder.svg|32px]] [[Part_Builder|Shape builder...]]: Creates shapes from various primitives.
** [[Image:Part_Compound.svg|32px]] [[Part_Compound|Make compound]]: Creates a compound from the selected objects.
** [[Image:Part_ExplodeCompound.svg|32px]] [[Part_ExplodeCompound|Explode Compound]]: Tool to split up compounds of shapes
** [[Image:Part Compound‏‎Filter.svg|32px]] [[Part Compound‏‎Filter|Compound Filter]]: The CompoundFilter can be used to extract the individual pieces.


=== Creation and modification ===
* [[Image:Part_Booleans.svg|32px]] [[Part_Booleans|Booleans]]: Performs boolean operations on objects
* [[Image:Part_Fuse.svg|32px]] [[Part_Union|Union]]: Fuses (unions) two objects
* [[Image:Part_Common.svg|32px]] [[Part_Common|Common]]: Extracts the common (intersection) part of two objects
* [[Image:Part_Cut.svg|32px]] [[Part_Cut|Cut]]: Cuts (subtracts) one object from another


These are tools for creating new and modifying existing objects.
* [[Image:Part_CompJoinFeatures.png|48px]] [[Part CompJoinFeatures|Join features]]: smart booleans for walled objects (e.g., pipes) {{Version|0.16}}
** [[Image:Part_JoinConnect.svg|32px]] [[Part_JoinConnect|Connect]]: Connects interiors of objects {{Version|0.16}}
** [[Image:Part_JoinEmbed.svg|32px]] [[Part_JoinEmbed|Embed]]: Embeds a walled object into another walled object {{Version|0.16}}
** [[Image:Part_JoinCutout.svg|32px]] [[Part_JoinCutout|Cutout]]: Creates a cutout in a wall of an object for another walled object {{Version|0.16}}


* [[Image:Part_Extrude.svg|32px]] [[Part_Extrude|Extrude]]: Extrudes planar faces.
* [[Image:Part_CompSplittingTools.png|48px]] [[Part CompSplittingTools|Splitting tools]]: {{Version|0.17}}
** [[Image:Part_BooleanFragments.svg|32px]] [[Part_BooleanFragments|Boolean fragments]]: makes all the pieces that can be obtained by Boolean operations between objects {{Version|0.17}}
** [[Image:Part SliceApart.svg|32px]] [[Part_SliceApart|Slice a part]]: tool to split shapes by intersection with other shapes
** [[Image:Part_Slice.svg|32px]] [[Part_Slice|Slice]]: Splits an object into pieces by intersections with another object {{Version|0.17}}
** [[Image:Part_XOR.svg|32px]] [[Part_XOR|XOR]]: removes space shared by even number of objects (symmetric version of [[Part_Cut|Cut]]) {{Version|0.17}}


* [[Image:Part Defeaturing.svg|32px]] [[Part_Defeaturing|Defeaturing]]: {{Version|0.18}}
* [[Image:Part_Revolve.svg|32px]] [[Part_Revolve|Revolve]]: Creates a solid by revolving an object (not a solid) around an axis.
* [[Image:Part_Section.svg|32px]] [[Part_Section|Section]]: Creates a section by intersecting an object with a section plane
* [[Image:Part_CrossSections.svg|32px]] [[Part_SectionCross|Cross sections...]]:
* [[Image:Part Attachment.svg|32px]] [[Part Attachment|Attachment]]: attachment is a utility to attach an object to another one.


* [[Image:Part_Mirror.svg|32px]] [[Part_Mirror|Mirror]]: Mirrors the selected object across a mirror plane.
=== Measure ===


* [[Image:Part_Scale.svg|32px]] [[Part_Scale|Scale]]: Scales one or more shapes. {{Version|0.22}}
[[File:Std Measure Menu.png|64px]] [[Std Measure Menu|Measure]]: Allows linear and angular measurement between points, edges, and faces.


* [[Image:Part_Measure_Linear.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Linear|Measure Linear]] allows you to make linear measurements.
* [[Image:Part_Fillet.svg|32px]] [[Part_Fillet|Fillet]]: Fillets (rounds) edges of an object.
* [[Image:Part_Measure_Angular.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Angular|Measure Angular]] allows you to make angular measurements.
* [[Image:Part_Measure_Refresh.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Refresh|Measure Refresh]] updates the measurements on screen.
* [[Image:Part_Measure_Clear_All.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Clear_All|Clear All]] Clears all measurements.
* [[Image:Part_Measure_Toggle_All.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Toggle_All|Toggle All]] shows or hides all measurements.
* [[Image:Part_Measure_Toggle_3d.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Toggle_3d|Toggle 3D]] shows or hides 3D measurements.
* [[Image:Part_Measure_Toggle_Delta.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Toggle_Delta|Toggle Delta]] shows or hides delta measurements.


* [[Image:Part_Chamfer.svg|32px]] [[Part_Chamfer|Chamfer]]: Chamfers edges of an object.
===Other tools===


* [[Image:Part_Import.svg|32px]] [[Part Import|Import]]: This tool allows you to add a file *.IGES, *.STEP, *.BREP to the current document.
* [[File:Part_MakeFace.svg|32px]] [[Part_MakeFace|Make face from wires]]: Makes a face from a set of wires (contours).
* [[Image:Part_Export.svg|32px]] [[Part Export|Export]]: This tool allows you to export a part object in a *.IGES, *.STEP, *.BREP file.
* [[File:Part_BoxSelection.svg|32px]] [[Part_BoxSelection|BoxSelection]]: add to the selection the faces of the shapes that are touches by the rectangular selection. {{Version|0.19}}
* [[Image:Part_ShapeFromMesh.svg|32px]] [[Part ShapeFromMesh|Shape from Mesh]]: Creates a shape object from a mesh object.
* [[File:Part_PointsFromMesh.svg|32px]] [[Part PointsFromMesh|Points from mesh]]: creates a shape object made of points from the mesh. {{Version|0.19}}
* [[Part_ConvertToSolid|Convert to solid]]: Converts a shape object to a solid object.
* [[Part_ReverseShapes|Reverse shapes]]: Flips the normals of all faces of the selected object.


* [[Image:Part_RuledSurface.svg|32px]] [[Part_RuledSurface|Ruled Surface]]: Creates a ruled surface.
* Create a copy:
** [[Image:Part_SimpleCopy‎.svg|32px]] [[Part_SimpleCopy|Create simple copy]]: Creates a simple copy of the selected object.
** [[File:Part_TransformedCopy.svg|32px]] [[Part_TransformedCopy|Create transformed copy]]: creates a transformed copy of the selected object. {{Version|0.19}}
** [[File:Part_ElementCopy.svg|32px]] [[Part_ElementCopy|Create shape element copy]]: creates a copy from an element (vertex, edge, face) of the selected object. {{Version|0.19}}
** [[Image:Part_RefineShape.svg|32px]] [[Part_RefineShape|Refine shape]]: Cleans faces by removing unnecessary lines.


* [[Image:Part_CheckGeometry.svg|32px]] [[Part CheckGeometry|Check geometry]]: Checks the geometry of selected objects for errors.
* [[Image:Part_Loft.svg|32px]] [[Part_Loft|Loft]]: Lofts from one profile to another.


* [[Image:Part_Sweep.svg|32px]] [[Part_Sweep|Sweep]]: Sweeps one or more profiles along a path.
== Preferences ==


* [[Image:Part_Section.svg|32px]] [[Part_Section|Section]]: Creates a section by intersecting an object with a section plane.
* [[Image:Preferences-import-export.svg|32px]] [[Import_Export_Preference|Preference ...]] Import Export


* [[Image:Part_CrossSections.svg|32px]] [[Part_CrossSections|Cross sections...]]: Creates one or more cross-sections through an object.
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=== 概念の説明 ===
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* [[Image:Part_CompOffsetTools.png|48px]] [[Part_CompOffsetTools|Offset tools]]:
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** [[Image:Part_Offset.svg|32px]] [[Part_Offset|3D Offset]]: Constructs a parallel shape at a certain distance from an original.
OpenCasCadeにおける用語では幾何プリミティブと(位相)シェイプは明確に区別されます。幾何プリミティブとは点、ライン、円、平面、それにB-スプライン曲線や曲面などのより複雑なタイプのものです。シェイプは頂点、エッジ、ワイヤー、面、ソリッド、それに他のシェイプの合成物です。幾何プリミティブは3Dシーン上に直接表示されることはありませんがシェイプの形状を作成するためには重要な役割を果たします。例えばエッジははラインまたは円の一部から作成されます。
** [[Image:Part_Offset2D.svg|32px]] [[Part_Offset2D|2D Offset]]: Constructs a parallel wire at certain distance from an original, or enlarges/shrinks a planar face.


* [[Image:Part_Thickness.svg|32px]] [[Part_Thickness|Thickness]]: Hollows out a solid.
つまり幾何プリミティブとは"形のない"構成単位であり、シェイプはその上に作られた実際の空間的な形状であると言えるでしょう。


* [[File:Part_ProjectionOnSurface.svg|32px]] [[Part_ProjectionOnSurface|Projection on surface]]: Projects a logo, text or any face, wire or edge onto a surface.
その完全なリストを入手したい場合は[http://www.opencascade.org/org/doc/ OCCドキュメント](あるいは[http://opencascade.sourcearchive.com/documentation/6.3.0.dfsg.1-1/classes.html sourcearchive.com])を参照し、 '''Geom_*'''(幾何プリミティブの場合)と'''TopoDS_*'''(シェイプの場合)を検索してください。幾何オブジェクトとシェイプの違いについてより詳しい説明を読むことができます。残念なことに公式のOCCドキュメントはオンラインで利用することができず(アーカイブをダウンロードしなければなりません)、またそのほとんどがプログラマー向けのものでエンドユーザーに向けたものではないことに注意してください。ただしこれから始めるために必要な情報についてはここで十分確認することができるはずです。


* [[Image:Part_EditAttachment.svg|32px]] [[Part_EditAttachment|Attachment]]: Attaches an object to another object.
実のところ幾何オブジェクトは大きく二つに分けることができます。カーブとサーフェスです。カーブ(ライン、円・・・)からはエッジを直接的に作成でき、サーフェス(平面、円筒・・・)からはフェイスを作成できます。例えば幾何プリミティブのラインは無限の長さを持ちます。つまり基底ベクトルと方向ベクトルによって定義されているのです。しかしそのシェイプ表現は始点と終点によって長さを制限されなければなりません。同様に直方体 -- ソリッド -- は六つの制限つき平面によって作成されます。


=== Boolean ===
エッジやフェイスからはその対となる幾何プリミティブに戻ることもできます。


These tools perform boolean operations.
このようにしてシェイプから非常に複雑なパーツを作成したり、逆に複雑なシェイプからそれを構成するサブシェイプを全て抜き出したりすることが可能になっているのです。
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* [[Image:Part_CompCompoundTools.png|48px]] [[Part_CompCompoundTools|Compound Tools]]:
In summary, geometry primitives are "shapeless" building blocks, while [[Part_TopoShape|topological shapes]] are the real objects built on them.
** [[Image:Part_Compound.svg|32px]] [[Part_Compound|Make compound]]: Creates a compound from the selected objects.
** [[Image:Part_ExplodeCompound.svg|32px]] [[Part_ExplodeCompound|Explode Compound]]: Splits up compounds.
** [[Image:Part Compound‏‎Filter.svg|32px]] [[Part_Compound‏‎Filter|Compound Filter]]: Extracts the individual pieces from compounds.


* [[Image:Part_Boolean.svg|32px]] [[Part_Boolean|Boolean]]: Performs boolean operations on objects.
A complete list of all primitives and shapes refer to the [http://www.opencascade.org/org/doc/ OCC documentation] (Alternative: [http://opencascade.sourcearchive.com/documentation/6.3.0.dfsg.1-1/classes.html sourcearchive.com]) and search for '''Geom_*''' (for geometric primitives) and '''TopoDS_*''' (for shapes). There you can also read more about the differences between them. Please note that the official OCC documentation is not available online (you must download an archive) and is mostly aimed at programmers, not at end-users. But hopefully you'll find enough information to get started here.


* [[Image:Part_Cut.svg|32px]] [[Part_Cut|Cut]]: Cuts (subtracts) one object from another.
The geometric types actually can be divided into two major groups: curves and surfaces. Out of the curves (line, circle, ...) you can directly build an edge, out of the surfaces (plane, cylinder, ...) a face can be built. For example, the geometric primitive line is unlimited, i.e. it is defined by a base vector and a direction vector while its shape representation must be something limited by a start and end point. And a box -- a solid -- can be created by six limited planes.


* [[Image:Part_Fuse.svg|32px]] [[Part_Fuse|Fuse]]: Fuses (unions) two or more objects.
From an edge or face you can also go back to its geometric primitive counterpart.


* [[Image:Part_Common.svg|32px]] [[Part_Common|Common]]: Extracts the common (intersection) part of two objects.
Thus, out of shapes you can build very complex parts or, the other way round, extract all sub-shapes a more complex shape is made of.


* [[Image:Part_CompJoinFeatures.png|48px]] [[Part CompJoinFeatures|Join features]]:
[[File:Part_TopoShape_relationships.svg|600px]]
** [[Image:Part_JoinConnect.svg|32px]] [[Part_JoinConnect|Connect]]: Connects interiors of walled objects.
** [[Image:Part_JoinEmbed.svg|32px]] [[Part_JoinEmbed|Embed]]: Embeds a walled object into another walled object.
** [[Image:Part_JoinCutout.svg|32px]] [[Part_JoinCutout|Cutout]]: Creates a cutout in a wall of an object for another walled object.


* [[Image:Part_CompSplittingTools.png|48px]] [[Part CompSplittingTools|Splitting tools]]:
{{Caption|The {{incode|Part::TopoShape}} class is the geometrical object that is seen on screen. Essentially all workbenches use these [[Part_TopoShape|TopoShapes]] internally to build and display edges, faces, and solids.}}
** [[Image:Part_BooleanFragments.svg|32px]] [[Part_BooleanFragments|Boolean fragments]]: Creates all pieces obtained from Boolean operations.
** [[Image:Part SliceApart.svg|32px]] [[Part_SliceApart|Slice apart]]: Slices and splits an object by intersecting it with other objects.
** [[Image:Part_Slice.svg|32px]] [[Part_Slice|Slice]]: Slices an object by intersecting it with other objects.
** [[Image:Part_XOR.svg|32px]] [[Part_XOR|XOR]]: Removes space shared by an even number of objects.


=== Measure ===
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=== スクリプト処理 ===
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* [[Image:Part_Measure_Linear.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Linear|Measure Linear]]: Creates a linear measurement.
{{Emphasis|See also:}} [[Part scripting|Part scripting]]


* [[Image:Part_Measure_Angular.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Angular|Measure Angular]]: Creates an angular measurement.
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* [[Image:Part_Measure_Refresh.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Refresh|Measure Refresh]]: Updates all measurements.
パートモジュールで使用されている主なデータ構造はOpenCascadeの[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boundary_representation BRep(境界表現)]データ型です。
現在ではパートモジュールのほとんど全ての機能とオブジェクト型がPythonスクリプトから利用可能になっています。これにはLineやCircle(あるいはArc)などの幾何プリミティブとVertexes、Edges、Wires、Faces、SolidsそしてCompoundsなどTopoShapesの全てが含まれます。これらの各オブジェクトにはいくつかの異なる作成方法があり、またオブジェクトの一部、特にTopoShapesではブーリアン演算の和集合/差集合/共通集合といったより高度な操作が可能になっています。パートモジュールの機能の詳細については[[FreeCAD Scripting Basics/jp|FreeCADスクリプト処理の基礎]]ページを調べてください。
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* [[Image:Part_Measure_Clear_All.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Clear_All|Clear All]]: Clears all measurements.
The most basic object that can be created is a [[Part Feature|Part Feature]], which has a simple {{PropertyData|Placement}} property, and basic properties to define its color and appearance.


* [[Image:Part_Measure_Toggle_All.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Toggle_All|Toggle All]]: Shows or hides all measurements.
Another simple object used in 2D geometrical objects is [[Part Part2DObject|Part Part2DObject]], which is the base of [[Sketcher_SketchObject|Sketcher SketchObject]] ([[Sketcher Workbench|Sketcher]]), and most [[Draft Workbench|Draft elements]].


* [[Image:Part_Measure_Toggle_3D.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Toggle_3D|Toggle 3D]]: Shows or hides 3D measurements.
=== Test script ===


* [[Image:Part_Measure_Toggle_Delta.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Toggle_Delta|Toggle Delta]]: Shows or hides delta measurements.
Test the creation of [[Part_Primitives|Part Primitives]] with a script. {{Version|0.19}}


=== Other tools ===
{{Code|code=
import parttests.part_test_objects as pto
pto.create_test_file("example_file")
}}


* [[File:Part_Import.svg|32px]] [[Part_Import|Import]]: Imports from *.IGES, *.STEP, or *.BREP files.
This script is located in the installation directory of the program, and can be examined to see how the basic primitives are built.
{{Code|code=
$INSTALL_DIR/Mod/Part/parttests/part_test_objects.py
}}


* [[File:Part_Export.svg|32px]] [[Part_Export|Export]]: Exports to *.IGES, *.STEP, or *.BREP files.
=== 例 ===


* [[File:Part_BoxSelection.svg|32px]] [[Part_BoxSelection|Box selection]]: Selects faces from a rectangular area.


* [[File:Part_ShapeFromMesh.svg|32px]] [[Part_ShapeFromMesh|Create shape from mesh]]: Creates a shape object from a mesh object.
ライン要素を作成するにはPythonコンソールを開き、以下のように入力します:
import Part,PartGui
doc=App.newDocument()
l=Part.Line()
l.StartPoint=(0.0,0.0,0.0)
l.EndPoint=(1.0,1.0,1.0)
doc.addObject("Part::Feature","Line").Shape=l.toShape()
doc.recompute()


* [[File:Part_PointsFromMesh.svg|32px]] [[Part_PointsFromMesh|Create points object from geometry]]: Creates a points object from a geometric object.
上記のPythonスクリプトの例をステップごとに見ていきましょう:
import Part,PartGui
doc=App.newDocument()
パートモジュールを読み込み、新しいドキュメントを作成します。
l=Part.Line()
l.StartPoint=(0.0,0.0,0.0)
l.EndPoint=(1.0,1.0,1.0)
ラインは実際は線分なので始点と終点があります。
doc.addObject("Part::Feature","Line").Shape=l.toShape()
Partオブジェクト型をドキュメントに追加し、追加したオブジェクトの'Shape'プロパティに線分のシェイプ表現を代入します。ここで理解すべき重要な点は幾何プリミティブ(Part.Line)を使ってそこから位相シェイプを作成した(toShape()メソッド)ということです。ドキュメントに追加できるのはシェイプだけです。FreeCADでは幾何プリミティブはシェイプのための"作成用構造体"として使用されます。
doc.recompute()
ドキュメントを更新します。新しいパートオブジェクトの視覚的な表現を用意するための処理でもあります。


* [[File:Part_MakeSolid.svg|32px]] [[Part_MakeSolid|Convert to solid]]: Converts a shape object to a solid object.
LineはPart.Line(point1,point2)という風にその始点と終点をコンストラクタで直接指定して作成することもできますし、ここで行ったようにデフォルトのラインを作成してあとでそのプロパティを設定することもできるということを憶えておいてください。


* [[File:Part_ReverseShape.svg|32px]] [[Part_ReverseShape|Reverse shapes]]: Flips the normals of all faces of selected objects.
同じようにして円を作ることもできます:
import Part
doc = App.activeDocument()
c = Part.Circle()
c.Radius=10.0
f = doc.addObject("Part::Feature", "Circle")
f.Shape = c.toShape()
doc.recompute()
先ほどと同様、円(幾何プリミティブ)を使ってそのシェイプを作成しました。もちろんこの後、下記のような方法で作成した形状にアクセスすることができます:
s = f.Shape
e = s.Edges[0]
c = e.Curve


* Create a copy:
{{Code|code=
** [[File:Part_SimpleCopy‎.svg|32px]] [[Part_SimpleCopy|Create simple copy]]: Creates a simple copy of a selected object.
import Part,PartGui
** [[File:Part_TransformedCopy.svg|32px]] [[Part_TransformedCopy|Create transformed copy]]: Creates a transformed copy of a selected object.
doc=App.newDocument()
** [[File:Part_ElementCopy.svg|32px]] [[Part_ElementCopy|Create shape element copy]]: Creates a copy from an element (vertex, edge, face) of a selected object.
l=Part.LineSegment()
** [[Image:Part_RefineShape.svg|32px]] [[Part_RefineShape|Refine shape]]: Cleans faces by removing unnecessary lines.
l.StartPoint=(0.0,0.0,0.0)
l.EndPoint=(1.0,1.0,1.0)
doc.addObject("Part::Feature","Line").Shape=l.toShape()
doc.recompute()
}}


* [[File:Part_CheckGeometry.svg|32px]] [[Part_CheckGeometry|Check geometry]]: Checks the geometry of selected objects for errors.
Let's go through the above python example step by step:


* [[Image:Part Defeaturing.svg|32px]] [[Part_Defeaturing|Defeaturing]]: Removes features from an object.
{{Code|code=
import Part,PartGui
doc=App.newDocument()
}}


=== Context menu items ===
loads the Part module and creates a new document


* [[File:Std_SetAppearance.svg|32px]] [[Std_SetAppearance|Appearance]]: Determines the appearance of a whole object (color, transparency etc.).
{{Code|code=
l=Part.LineSegment()
l.StartPoint=(0.0,0.0,0.0)
l.EndPoint=(1.0,1.0,1.0)
}}


* [[File:Part_ColorPerFace.svg|32px]] [[Part_ColorPerFace|Color per face]]: Assigns colors to individual faces of objects.
Line is actually a line segment, hence the start and endpoint.


== Preferences ==
{{Code|code=
doc.addObject("Part::Feature","Line").Shape=l.toShape()
}}


<!--The PartDesign preferences are defined in the Part workbench and both the PartDesign workbench and the Part workbench use them-->
This adds a Part object type to the document and assigns the shape representation of the line segment to the 'Shape' property of the added object. It is important to understand here that we used a geometric primitive (the Part.LineSegment) to create a TopoShape out of it (the toShape() method). Only Shapes can be added to the document. In FreeCAD, geometry primitives are used as "building structures" for Shapes.
* [[Image:Preferences-part_design.svg|32px]] [[PartDesign_Preferences|Preferences]]: Preferences available for Part Tools (the Part workbench also uses the PartDesign Preferences).

* [[Image:Preferences-import-export.svg|32px]] [[Import_Export_Preferences|Import Export Preferences]]: Preferences available for importing from and exporting to different file formats.
{{Code|code=
* [[Fine-tuning]]: Some extra parameters to fine-tune Part behavior.
doc.recompute()
}}

Updates the document. This also prepares the visual representation of the new part object.

Note that a Line Segment can be created by specifying its start and endpoint directly in the constructor, for example Part.LineSegment(point1,point2), or we can create a default line and set its properties afterwards, as we did here.

A circle can be created in a similar way:

{{Code|code=
import Part
doc = App.activeDocument()
c = Part.Circle()
c.Radius=10.0
f = doc.addObject("Part::Feature", "Circle")
f.Shape = c.toShape()
doc.recompute()
}}

Note again, we used the circle (geometry primitive) to construct a shape out of it. We can of course still access our construction geometry afterwards, by doing:

{{Code|code=
s = f.Shape
e = s.Edges[0]
c = e.Curve
}}

ここではオブジェクトfのシェイプを取得した後、そのエッジのリストを取得しています。今回の場合、エッジは一つしかありません。円一つからシェイプ全体を作成しているためです。従ってEdgesリストの最初のアイテムだけ取得し、その後でそのCurve(曲線)を取得しています。Edgeは全てCurveを持ちます。これはエッジの元になっている幾何プリミティブです。


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=== スクリプト処理 ===
さらに詳しく知りたい場合は[[Topological data scripting/jp|位相データのスクリプト処理]]ページを見て下さい。
</div>
</div>


See [[Part scripting|Part scripting]].

<span id="Tutorials"></span>
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===チュートリアル===
===チュートリアル===
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* [[Whiffle_Ball_tutorial|Whiffle Ball tutorial]] : How to use the Part Module
* [[Whiffle_Ball_tutorial|Whiffle Ball tutorial]] : How to use the Part Module
</div>
</div>

* [[Import_from_STL_or_OBJ|Import from STL or OBJ]] : How to import STL/OBJ files in FreeCAD
* [[Export_to_STL_or_OBJ|Export to STL or OBJ]] : How to export STL/OBJ files from FreeCAD
* [[Whiffle_Ball_tutorial|Whiffle Ball tutorial]] : How to use the Part Module



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{{docnav/jp|Mesh Module/jp|Drawing Module/jp}}
{{docnav/ja|Mesh Workbench/ja|Drawing Workbench/ja}}
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[[Category:Workbenches{{#translation:}}]]

Revision as of 18:05, 13 April 2024


Part workbench icon

Introduction

FreeCADのCAD機能はOpenCasCadeカーネルをその基礎としています。FreeCADはパートモジュールによってOpenCasCadeオブジェクトとその機能へのアクセス・利用を行なっています。OpenCascadeはプロフェッショナル用のCADカーネルでその機能は3D形状操作、3D形状オブジェクトに特化しています。メッシュモジュール のオブジェクトと異なりパートオブジェクトはより複雑で、明確なブーリアン演算、変更履歴、パラメトリックな動作などのより高度な処理が可能です。

A more detailed discussion of Part workbench versus Part Design workbench can be found here: Part and Part Design.

The objects created with the Part Workbench are relatively simple; they are intended to be used with boolean operations (unions and cuts) in order to build more complex shapes. This modeling paradigm is known as the constructive solid geometry (CSG) workflow, and it was the traditional methodology used in early CAD systems. On the other hand, the PartDesign Workbench provides a more modern workflow to constructing shapes: it uses a parametrically defined sketch, that is extruded to form a basic solid body, which is then modified by parametric transformations (feature editing), until the final object is obtained.

Part objects are more complex than mesh objects created with the Mesh Workbench, as they permit more advanced operations like coherent boolean operations, modifications history, and parametric behaviour.

The Part Workbench is the basic layer that exposes the OCCT drawing functions to all workbenches in FreeCAD.

ツール

パートモジュールツールは全てパートモジュールを読み込んだ時点で表示されるPartメニューにあります。

Primitives

These are tools for creating primitive objects.

  • Box: Creates a box.
  • Cone: Creates a cone.
  • Tube: Creates a tube.
  • Create primitives...: A tool to create one of the following primitives:
    • Plane: Creates a plane.
    • Box: Creates a box. This object can also be created with the Box tool.
    • Cylinder: Creates a cylinder. This object can also be created with the Cylinder tool.
    • Cone: Creates a cone. This object can also be created with the Cone tool.
    • Sphere: Creates a sphere. This object can also be created with the Sphere tool.
    • Ellipsoid: Creates a ellipsoid.
    • Torus: Creates a torus. This object can also be created with the Torus tool.
    • Prism: Creates a prism.
    • Wedge: Creates a wedge.
    • Helix: Creates a helix.
    • Spiral: Creates a spiral.
    • Circle: Creates a circular arc.
    • Ellipse: Creates an elliptical arc.
    • Point: Creates a point.
    • Line: Creates a line.
    • Regular polygon: Creates a regular polygon.

Creation and modification

These are tools for creating new and modifying existing objects.

  • Revolve: Creates a solid by revolving an object (not a solid) around an axis.
  • Mirror: Mirrors the selected object across a mirror plane.
  • Fillet: Fillets (rounds) edges of an object.
  • Chamfer: Chamfers edges of an object.
  • Loft: Lofts from one profile to another.
  • Sweep: Sweeps one or more profiles along a path.
  • Section: Creates a section by intersecting an object with a section plane.
  • Offset tools:
    • 3D Offset: Constructs a parallel shape at a certain distance from an original.
    • 2D Offset: Constructs a parallel wire at certain distance from an original, or enlarges/shrinks a planar face.
  • Attachment: Attaches an object to another object.

Boolean

These tools perform boolean operations.

  • Boolean: Performs boolean operations on objects.
  • Cut: Cuts (subtracts) one object from another.
  • Fuse: Fuses (unions) two or more objects.
  • Common: Extracts the common (intersection) part of two objects.
  • Join features:
    • Connect: Connects interiors of walled objects.
    • Embed: Embeds a walled object into another walled object.
    • Cutout: Creates a cutout in a wall of an object for another walled object.
  • Splitting tools:
    • Boolean fragments: Creates all pieces obtained from Boolean operations.
    • Slice apart: Slices and splits an object by intersecting it with other objects.
    • Slice: Slices an object by intersecting it with other objects.
    • XOR: Removes space shared by an even number of objects.

Measure

Other tools

  • Import: Imports from *.IGES, *.STEP, or *.BREP files.
  • Export: Exports to *.IGES, *.STEP, or *.BREP files.

Context menu items

  • Appearance: Determines the appearance of a whole object (color, transparency etc.).

Preferences

  • Preferences: Preferences available for Part Tools (the Part workbench also uses the PartDesign Preferences).
  • Import Export Preferences: Preferences available for importing from and exporting to different file formats.
  • Fine-tuning: Some extra parameters to fine-tune Part behavior.

スクリプト処理

See Part scripting.

チュートリアル


Mesh Workbench/ja
Drawing Workbench/ja