Whiffle Ball tutorial: Difference between revisions
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==Introduction== <!--T:2--> |
==Introduction== <!--T:2--> |
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This tutorial was originally written by Roland Frank (†2017, r-frank), and it was rewritten and illustrated by vocx. |
This tutorial was originally written by Roland Frank (†2017, r-frank), and it was rewritten and illustrated by vocx. |
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This tutorial is here to teach you how to use the [[Part Workbench|Part Workbench]]. |
This tutorial is here to teach you how to use the [[Part Workbench|Part Workbench]]. |
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The Part Workbench was the first workbench developed. It provides the basic geometrical elements that can be used as building blocks for other workbenches. The Part Workbench is meant to be used in a traditional [[constructive solid geometry|constructive solid geometry]] (CSG) workflow. For a more modern workflow using sketches, pads, and features, use the [[PartDesign Workbench|PartDesign Workbench]]. |
The Part Workbench was the first workbench developed. It provides the basic geometrical elements that can be used as building blocks for other workbenches. The Part Workbench is meant to be used in a traditional [[constructive solid geometry|constructive solid geometry]] (CSG) workflow. For a more modern workflow using sketches, pads, and features, use the [[PartDesign Workbench|PartDesign Workbench]]. |
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You will practice: |
You will practice: |
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* inserting primitives |
* inserting primitives |
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* changing parameters of those primitive objects |
* changing parameters of those primitive objects |
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* modifying their placement |
* modifying their [[placement|placement]] |
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* doing boolean operations |
* doing boolean operations |
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</translate> |
</translate> |
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[[File: |
[[File:10_T03_Part_ball_fillet.png]] |
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<translate> |
<translate> |
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<!--T:18--> |
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{{Caption|Final model of the wiffle ball}} |
{{Caption|Final model of the wiffle ball}} |
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<!--T:3--> |
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1. Open FreeCAD, create a new empty document with {{MenuCommand|File → [[File:Std_New.svg|16px]] [[Std_New|New]]}}, and switch to the [[Part Workbench|Part Workbench]]. |
1. Open FreeCAD, create a new empty document with {{MenuCommand|File → [[File:Std_New.svg|16px]] [[Std_New|New]]}}, and switch to the [[Part Workbench|Part Workbench]]. |
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:1.1. Press the {{Button|[[File:Std_ViewIsometric.svg| |
:1.1. Press the {{Button|[[File:Std_ViewIsometric.svg|16px]] [[Std_ViewIsometric|View isometric]]}} button, or press {{KEY|0}} in the numerical pad of your keyboard, to change the view to isometric to visualize the 3D solids better. |
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:1.2. Press the {{Button|[[File:Std_ViewFitAll.svg| |
:1.2. Press the {{Button|[[File:Std_ViewFitAll.svg|16px]] [[Std_ViewFitAll|View fit all]]}} button whenever you add objects in order to pan and zoom the [[3D_view|3D view]] so that all elements are seen in the view. |
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:1.3. Hold {{KEY|Ctrl}} while you click to select multiple items. If you selected something wrong or want to de-select everything, just click on empty space in the [[3D view|3D view]]. |
:1.3. Hold {{KEY|Ctrl}} while you click to select multiple items. If you selected something wrong or want to de-select everything, just click on empty space in the [[3D view|3D view]]. |
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== Insert primitive cubes == |
== Insert primitive cubes == <!--T:19--> |
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<!--T:20--> |
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2. Insert a primitive cube by clicking on {{Button|[[Image:Part_Box.svg| |
2. Insert a primitive cube by clicking on {{Button|[[Image:Part_Box.svg|16px]] [[Part_Box|Box]]}}. |
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:2.1. Select {{incode|Cube}} in the [[tree view|tree view]]. |
:2.1. Select {{incode|Cube}} in the [[tree view|tree view]]. |
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:2.2. Change the dimensions in the {{MenuCommand|Data}} tab of the [[property editor|property editor]]. |
:2.2. Change the dimensions in the {{MenuCommand|Data}} tab of the [[property editor|property editor]]. |
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:2.5. Change {{MenuCommand|Height}} to {{incode|90 mm}}. |
:2.5. Change {{MenuCommand|Height}} to {{incode|90 mm}}. |
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3. In the {{MenuCommand|Data}} tab of the [[property editor|property editor]], click on the {{MenuCommand|Placement}} value so the ellipsis button {{Button|...}} appears on the right. |
3. In the {{MenuCommand|Data}} tab of the [[property editor|property editor]], click on the {{MenuCommand|Placement}} value so the ellipsis button {{Button|...}} appears on the right. |
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:3.1. Press on the ellipsis to launch the [[Std_Placement|Placement]] dialog. |
:3.1. Press on the ellipsis to launch the [[Std_Placement|Placement]] dialog. |
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:3.6. Press the {{Button|OK}} button to close the dialog. |
:3.6. Press the {{Button|OK}} button to close the dialog. |
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4. Repeat the process, inserting a second, smaller cube by clicking on {{Button|[[Image:Part_Box.svg| |
4. Repeat the process, inserting a second, smaller cube by clicking on {{Button|[[Image:Part_Box.svg|16px]] [[Part_Box|Box]]}}. |
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:4.1. The second cube will be created with the same name, but with an additional number to distinguish the object. |
:4.1. The second cube will be created with the same name, but with an additional number to distinguish the object. |
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:4.2. Select {{incode|Cube001}} in the [[tree view|tree view]], and change the dimensions and placement like with the previous object. |
:4.2. Select {{incode|Cube001}} in the [[tree view|tree view]], and change the dimensions and placement like with the previous object. |
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:4.10. Press the {{Button|OK}} button to close the dialog. |
:4.10. Press the {{Button|OK}} button to close the dialog. |
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== Change visual properties == |
== Change visual properties == <!--T:23--> |
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<!--T:24--> |
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5. The previous operations create a smaller cube inside a bigger cube. To visualize this, we can modify the {{MenuCommand|View}} properties in the [[property editor|property editor]]. |
5. The previous operations create a smaller cube inside a bigger cube. To visualize this, we can modify the {{MenuCommand|View}} properties in the [[property editor|property editor]]. |
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:5.1. Select {{incode|Cube001}}, the smaller cube, in the [[tree view|tree view]], and change the color. In the {{MenuCommand|View}} tab, click on the {{MenuCommand|Shape Color}} value to open the {{MenuCommand|Select color}} dialog, then choose a green color; also change the value of {{MenuCommand|Line Width}} to {{incode|2.0}}. |
:5.1. Select {{incode|Cube001}}, the smaller cube, in the [[tree view|tree view]], and change the color. In the {{MenuCommand|View}} tab, click on the {{MenuCommand|Shape Color}} value to open the {{MenuCommand|Select color}} dialog, then choose a green color; also change the value of {{MenuCommand|Line Width}} to {{incode|2.0}}. |
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:5.2. Select {{incode|Cube}}, the larger cube, in the [[tree view|tree view]] |
:5.2. Select {{incode|Cube}}, the larger cube, in the [[tree view|tree view]]. In the {{MenuCommand|View}} tab, change the value of {{MenuCommand|Transparency}} to {{incode|70}}. |
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</translate> |
</translate> |
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[[File:01_T03_Part_cubes_visibility.png]] |
[[File:01_T03_Part_cubes_visibility.png]] |
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<translate> |
<translate> |
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<!--T:25--> |
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{{Caption|Solid cube inside another solid cube}} |
{{Caption|Solid cube inside another solid cube}} |
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== Insert primitive cylinders == |
== Insert primitive cylinders == <!--T:26--> |
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<!--T:27--> |
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6. Insert a primitive cylinder by clicking on {{Button|[[Image:Part_Cylinder.svg| |
6. Insert a primitive cylinder by clicking on {{Button|[[Image:Part_Cylinder.svg|16px]] [[Part_Cylinder|Cylinder]]}}. |
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:6.1. Select {{incode|Cylinder}} in the [[tree view|tree view]]. |
:6.1. Select {{incode|Cylinder}} in the [[tree view|tree view]]. |
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:6.2. Change the dimensions in the {{MenuCommand|Data}} tab of the [[property editor|property editor]]. |
:6.2. Change the dimensions in the {{MenuCommand|Data}} tab of the [[property editor|property editor]]. |
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:6.7. Press the {{Button|OK}} button to close the dialog. |
:6.7. Press the {{Button|OK}} button to close the dialog. |
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7. Repeat the process, inserting a second cylinder by clicking on {{Button|[[Image:Part_Cylinder.svg| |
7. Repeat the process, inserting a second cylinder by clicking on {{Button|[[Image:Part_Cylinder.svg|16px]] [[Part_Cylinder|Cylinder]]}}. |
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:7.1. The second cylinder will be created with the same name, but with an additional number to distinguish the object. |
:7.1. The second cylinder will be created with the same name, but with an additional number to distinguish the object. |
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:7.2. Select {{incode|Cylinder001}} in the [[tree view|tree view]], and change the dimensions and placement like with the previous object. |
:7.2. Select {{incode|Cylinder001}} in the [[tree view|tree view]], and change the dimensions and placement like with the previous object. |
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:7.5. Open the [[Std_Placement|Placement]] dialog. |
:7.5. Open the [[Std_Placement|Placement]] dialog. |
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:7.6. Change {{MenuCommand|Y}} to {{incode|60 mm}}. |
:7.6. Change {{MenuCommand|Y}} to {{incode|60 mm}}. |
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:7.7. Change the {{MenuCommand|Rotation}} to {{incode|Rotation axis with angle}}; {{MenuCommand|Axis}} to {{incode|X}}, and {{MenuCommand|Angle}} to {{incode|90 deg}}. |
:7.7. Change the {{MenuCommand|Rotation}} to {{incode|Rotation axis with angle}}; {{MenuCommand|Axis}} to {{incode|X}} (by setting the {{incode|X}}, {{incode|Y}} and {{incode|Z}} values of the axis inputboxes to {{incode|1}}, {{incode|0}} and {{incode|0}} respectively), and {{MenuCommand|Angle}} to {{incode|90 deg}}. |
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:7.8. Press the {{Button|OK}} button to close the dialog. |
:7.8. Press the {{Button|OK}} button to close the dialog. |
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8. Insert another cylinder. This time create a duplicate so that the radius and height don't have to be changed, only its placement. |
8. Insert another cylinder. This time create a duplicate so that the radius and height don't have to be changed, only its placement. |
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:8.1. Select {{incode|Cylinder001}} in the [[tree view|tree view]], and go to the menu {{MenuCommand|Edit → [[Std_DuplicateSelection|Duplicate selection]]}}. This will create {{incode|Cylinder002}}. |
:8.1. Select {{incode|Cylinder001}} in the [[tree view|tree view]], and go to the menu {{MenuCommand|Edit → [[Std_DuplicateSelection|Duplicate selection]]}}. This will create {{incode|Cylinder002}}. |
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:8.2. Open the [[Std_Placement|Placement]] dialog. |
:8.2. Open the [[Std_Placement|Placement]] dialog. |
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:8.3. Change {{MenuCommand|X}} to {{incode|-60 mm}}. |
:8.3. Change {{MenuCommand|X}} to {{incode|-60 mm}}, and change {{MenuCommand|Y}} back to {{incode|0 mm}}. |
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:8.4. Change the {{MenuCommand|Rotation}} to {{incode|Rotation axis with angle}}; {{MenuCommand|Axis}} to {{incode|Y}}, and {{MenuCommand|Angle}} to {{incode|90 deg}}. |
:8.4. Change the {{MenuCommand|Rotation}} to {{incode|Rotation axis with angle}}; {{MenuCommand|Axis}} to {{incode|Y}}, and {{MenuCommand|Angle}} to {{incode|90 deg}}. |
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:8.5. Press the {{Button|OK}} button to close the dialog. |
:8.5. Press the {{Button|OK}} button to close the dialog. |
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== Change visual properties == |
== Change visual properties == <!--T:30--> |
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<!--T:31--> |
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9. The previous operations create three cylinders that intersect with each other, and also intersect the cubes. To visualize this better we can modify the {{MenuCommand|View}} properties in the [[property editor|property editor]]. |
9. The previous operations create three cylinders that intersect with each other, and also intersect the cubes. To visualize this better we can modify the {{MenuCommand|View}} properties in the [[property editor|property editor]]. |
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:9.1. Select {{incode|Cube001}}, the smaller cube, in the [[tree view|tree view]], and change the transparency. In the {{MenuCommand|View}} tab, change the value of {{MenuCommand|Transparency}} to {{incode|70}}. |
:9.1. Select {{incode|Cube001}}, the smaller cube, in the [[tree view|tree view]], and change the transparency. In the {{MenuCommand|View}} tab, change the value of {{MenuCommand|Transparency}} to {{incode|70}}. |
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[[File:02_T03_Part_cylinders_visibility.png]] |
[[File:02_T03_Part_cylinders_visibility.png]] |
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<translate> |
<translate> |
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<!--T:32--> |
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{{Caption|Solid cylinders that intersect themselves and the solid cubes.}} |
{{Caption|Solid cylinders that intersect themselves and the solid cubes.}} |
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== Fuse and cut == |
== Fuse and cut == <!--T:33--> |
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<!--T:34--> |
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10. In the [[tree view|tree view]], select {{incode|Cube001}} (the inner, smaller cube), and the tree cylinders, then press {{Button|[[File:Part_Fuse.svg| |
10. In the [[tree view|tree view]], select {{incode|Cube001}} (the inner, smaller cube), and the tree cylinders, then press {{Button|[[File:Part_Fuse.svg|16px]] [[Part_Fuse|Fuse]]}}. This will create a {{incode|Fusion}} object. |
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<!--T:35--> |
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11. Then perform a boolean cut of the {{incode|Cube}} (larger cube) and the new {{incode|Fusion}} object. |
11. Then perform a boolean cut of the {{incode|Cube}} (larger cube) and the new {{incode|Fusion}} object. |
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:11.1. In the [[tree view|tree view]] select {{incode|Cube}} first, and then {{incode|Fusion}}. |
:11.1. In the [[tree view|tree view]] select {{incode|Cube}} first, and then {{incode|Fusion}}. |
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:11.2. Then press {{Button|[[File:Part_Cut.svg| |
:11.2. Then press {{Button|[[File:Part_Cut.svg|16px]] [[Part_Cut|Cut]]}}. This will create a {{incode|Cut}} object. |
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:{{Emphasis|Note:}} the order in which you select the objects is important for the cut operation. The base object is selected first, and the subtracting object comes at the end. |
:{{Emphasis|Note:}} the order in which you select the objects is important for the cut operation. The base object is selected first, and the subtracting object comes at the end. |
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:11.3. If the colors look strange, select the new {{incode|Cut}} object, go to the {{MenuCommand|View}} tab, click on the {{MenuCommand|Shape Color}} value to open the {{MenuCommand|Select color}} dialog, then choose a gray color; also change the value of {{MenuCommand|Line Width}} to {{incode|2.0}}. |
:11.3. If the colors look strange, select the new {{incode|Cut}} object, go to the {{MenuCommand|View}} tab, click on the {{MenuCommand|Shape Color}} value to open the {{MenuCommand|Select color}} dialog, then choose a gray color; also change the value of {{MenuCommand|Line Width}} to {{incode|2.0}}. |
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{{Caption|Hollow shape produced from cutting a cube and three cylinders from a bigger cube.}} |
{{Caption|Hollow shape produced from cutting a cube and three cylinders from a bigger cube.}} |
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== Insert primitive cubes to cut the corners of the partial solid == |
== Insert primitive cubes to cut the corners of the partial solid == <!--T:36--> |
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<!--T:37--> |
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Now we'll create more cubes that will be used as cutting tools to trim the corners of the previously obtained {{incode|Cut}} object. |
Now we'll create more cubes that will be used as cutting tools to trim the corners of the previously obtained {{incode|Cut}} object. |
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<!--T:38--> |
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12. Click on {{Button|[[Image:Part_Box.svg| |
12. Click on {{Button|[[Image:Part_Box.svg|16px]] [[Part_Box|Box]]}}. |
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:12.1. Select {{incode|Cube002}} in the [[tree view|tree view]], and change the dimensions and placement. |
:12.1. Select {{incode|Cube002}} in the [[tree view|tree view]], and change the dimensions and placement. |
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:12.2. Change {{MenuCommand|Length}} to {{incode|140 mm}}. |
:12.2. Change {{MenuCommand|Length}} to {{incode|140 mm}}. |
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:12.9. Press {{Button|OK}}. |
:12.9. Press {{Button|OK}}. |
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<!--T:39--> |
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13. Click on {{Button|[[Image:Part_Box.svg| |
13. Click on {{Button|[[Image:Part_Box.svg|16px]] [[Part_Box|Box]]}}. |
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:13.1. Select {{incode|Cube003}} in the [[tree view|tree view]], and change the dimensions and placement. |
:13.1. Select {{incode|Cube003}} in the [[tree view|tree view]], and change the dimensions and placement. |
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:13.2. Change {{MenuCommand|Length}} to {{incode|180 mm}}. |
:13.2. Change {{MenuCommand|Length}} to {{incode|180 mm}}. |
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:13.9. Press {{Button|OK}}. |
:13.9. Press {{Button|OK}}. |
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<!--T:40--> |
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We'll duplicate the previous two objects again to use once more as cutting objects. |
We'll duplicate the previous two objects again to use once more as cutting objects. |
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<!--T:41--> |
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14. Select only {{incode|Cube002}} in the [[tree view|tree view]], and go to {{MenuCommand|Edit → [[Std_DuplicateSelection|Duplicate selection]]}}. This will create {{incode|Cube004}}. |
14. Select only {{incode|Cube002}} in the [[tree view|tree view]], and go to {{MenuCommand|Edit → [[Std_DuplicateSelection|Duplicate selection]]}}. This will create {{incode|Cube004}}. |
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<!--T:42--> |
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15. Select only {{incode|Cube003}} in the [[tree view|tree view]], and go to {{MenuCommand|Edit → [[Std_DuplicateSelection|Duplicate selection]]}}. This will create {{incode|Cube005}}. |
15. Select only {{incode|Cube003}} in the [[tree view|tree view]], and go to {{MenuCommand|Edit → [[Std_DuplicateSelection|Duplicate selection]]}}. This will create {{incode|Cube005}}. |
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<!--T:43--> |
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16. To visualize this better we can modify the {{MenuCommand|View}} properties in the [[property editor|property editor]]. |
16. To visualize this better we can modify the {{MenuCommand|View}} properties in the [[property editor|property editor]]. |
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:16.1. Select the {{incode|Cut}} object, in the {{MenuCommand|View}} tab, click on the {{MenuCommand|Shape Color}} value to open the {{MenuCommand|Select color}} dialog, then choose a blue color. |
:16.1. Select the {{incode|Cut}} object, in the {{MenuCommand|View}} tab, click on the {{MenuCommand|Shape Color}} value to open the {{MenuCommand|Select color}} dialog, then choose a blue color. |
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[[File:04_T03_Part_cube_additional.png]] |
[[File:04_T03_Part_cube_additional.png]] |
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<translate> |
<translate> |
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<!--T:44--> |
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{{Caption|Additional external cubes that will be used as cutting objects for the internal solid.}} |
{{Caption|Additional external cubes that will be used as cutting objects for the internal solid.}} |
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== Cutting the corners 1 == <!--T:6--> |
== Cutting the corners 1 == <!--T:6--> |
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<!--T:45--> |
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17. In the [[tree view|tree view]] select {{incode|Cube002}} and {{incode|Cube003}}. |
17. In the [[tree view|tree view]] select {{incode|Cube002}} and {{incode|Cube003}}. |
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:17.1. Open the [[Std_Placement|Placement]] dialog. |
:17.1. Open the [[Std_Placement|Placement]] dialog. |
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:17.2. Tick the option {{MenuCommand|Apply incremental changes}}; notice that all {{MenuCommand|Translation}} values are reset to zeroes. |
:17.2. Tick the option {{MenuCommand|Apply incremental changes}}; notice that all {{MenuCommand|Translation}} values are reset to zeroes. |
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:17.3. Change the |
:17.3. Change the {{MenuCommand|Rotation}} to {{incode|Rotation axis with angle}}; {{MenuCommand|Axis}} to {{incode|X}}, and {{MenuCommand|Angle}} to {{incode|45 deg}}, then click on {{Button|Apply}}. This will apply a rotation around the X-axis, and will reset the {{MenuCommand|Angle}} field to zero. |
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:17.4. Change the |
:17.4. Change the {{MenuCommand|Rotation}} again, now {{MenuCommand|Axis}} to {{incode|Z}}, and {{MenuCommand|Angle}} to {{incode|45 deg}}, then click on {{Button|Apply}}. This will apply a rotation around the local Z-axis, and will reset the {{MenuCommand|Angle}} field to zero. |
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:17.5. Click on {{Button|OK}} to close the dialog. |
:17.5. Click on {{Button|OK}} to close the dialog. |
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<!--T:46--> |
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18. In the [[tree view|tree view]] de-select the objects; then select {{incode|Cube003}} first, the bigger cube, and then {{incode|Cube002}}, the smaller cube. |
18. In the [[tree view|tree view]] de-select the objects; then select {{incode|Cube003}} first, the bigger cube, and then {{incode|Cube002}}, the smaller cube. |
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:18.1. Then press {{Button|[[File:Part_Cut.svg| |
:18.1. Then press {{Button|[[File:Part_Cut.svg|16px]] [[Part_Cut|Cut]]}}. This will create {{incode|Cut001}}. This is a hollowed body which intersects the initial {{incode|Cut}} only at certain corners. |
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<!--T:47--> |
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19. To visualize this better we can modify the {{ |
19. To visualize this better we can modify the {{MenuCommand|View}} properties in the [[property editor|property editor]]. |
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⚫ | |||
:19. |
:19.1. Select {{incode|Cube004}} and {{incode|Cube005}}, in the {{MenuCommand|View}} tab, then change the value of {{MenuCommand|Visibility}} to {{incode|false}}, or press {{KEY|Space}} in the keyboard. |
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⚫ | |||
</translate> |
</translate> |
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[[File:05_T03_Part_cube_additional_cut_1.png]] |
[[File:05_T03_Part_cube_additional_cut_1.png]] |
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<translate> |
<translate> |
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<!--T:48--> |
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{{Caption|A rotated, hollowed solid, which will be used as a cutting object for some corners of the internal solid.}} |
{{Caption|A rotated, hollowed solid, which will be used as a cutting object for some corners of the internal solid.}} |
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== Cutting the corners 2 == <!--T:7--> |
== Cutting the corners 2 == <!--T:7--> |
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<!--T:49--> |
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20. In the [[tree view|tree view]] select {{incode|Cut001}}, in the {{ |
20. In the [[tree view|tree view]] select {{incode|Cut001}}, in the {{MenuCommand|View}} tab, change the value of {{MenuCommand|Visibility}} to {{incode|false}}, or press {{KEY|Space}} in the keyboard. |
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<!--T:50--> |
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⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
:21.1. Open the [[Std_Placement|Placement]] dialog. |
:21.1. Open the [[Std_Placement|Placement]] dialog. |
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:21.2. Tick the option {{MenuCommand|Apply incremental changes}}; notice that all {{MenuCommand|Translation}} values are reset to zeroes. |
:21.2. Tick the option {{MenuCommand|Apply incremental changes}}; notice that all {{MenuCommand|Translation}} values are reset to zeroes. |
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:21.3. Change the |
:21.3. Change the {{MenuCommand|Rotation}} to {{incode|Rotation axis with angle}}; {{MenuCommand|Axis}} to {{incode|X}}, and {{MenuCommand|Angle}} to {{incode|45 deg}}, then click on {{Button|Apply}}. This will apply a rotation around the X-axis, and will reset the {{incode|Angle}} field to zero. |
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:21.4. Change the |
:21.4. Change the {{MenuCommand|Rotation}} again, now {{MenuCommand|Axis}} to {{incode|Z}}, and {{MenuCommand|Angle}} to {{incode|-45 deg}}, then click on {{Button|Apply}}. This will apply a rotation around the local Z-axis, and will reset the {{MenuCommand|Angle}} field to zero. |
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:21.5. Click on {{Button|OK}} to close the dialog. |
:21.5. Click on {{Button|OK}} to close the dialog. |
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<!--T:51--> |
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22. In the [[tree view|tree view]] de-select the objects; then select {{incode|Cube005}} first, the bigger cube, and then {{incode|Cube004}}, the smaller cube. |
22. In the [[tree view|tree view]] de-select the objects; then select {{incode|Cube005}} first, the bigger cube, and then {{incode|Cube004}}, the smaller cube. |
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:22.1. Then press {{Button|[[File:Part Cut.svg| |
:22.1. Then press {{Button|[[File:Part Cut.svg|16px]] [[Part_Cut|Cut]]}}. This will create {{incode|Cut002}}. This is a hollowed body which intersects the initial {{incode|Cut}} only at certain corners. |
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<!--T:52--> |
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23. To visualize this better we can modify the {{ |
23. To visualize this better we can modify the {{MenuCommand|View}} properties in the [[property editor|property editor]]. |
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⚫ | |||
:23.1. Select {{incode|Cut002}}, click on the {{MenuCommand|Shape Color}} value to open the {{MenuCommand|Select color}} dialog, then choose a pink color; also change the value of {{MenuCommand|Transparency}} to {{incode|90}}. |
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</translate> |
</translate> |
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== Finishing the model == <!--T:8--> |
== Finishing the model == <!--T:8--> |
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<!--T:53--> |
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24. Make sure all objects are visible. In the [[tree view|tree view]] select all objects, in the {{incode|View}} tab, change the value of {{incode|Visibility}} to {{incode|true}} or press {{KEY|Space}} in the keyboard. |
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⚫ | |||
</translate> |
</translate> |
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[[File:07_T03_Part_ball_additional_both.png]] |
[[File:07_T03_Part_ball_additional_both.png]] |
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<translate> |
<translate> |
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<!--T:54--> |
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{{Caption|The internal hollowed solid, together with the external objects which will be used to cut it.}} |
{{Caption|The internal hollowed solid, together with the external objects which will be used to cut it.}} |
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<!--T:55--> |
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25. In the [[tree view|tree view]] de-select the objects; then select {{incode|Cut}} first, and then {{incode|Cut001}}. |
25. In the [[tree view|tree view]] de-select the objects; then select {{incode|Cut}} first, and then {{incode|Cut001}}. |
||
:25.1. Then press {{Button|[[File:Part_Cut.svg| |
:25.1. Then press {{Button|[[File:Part_Cut.svg|16px]] [[Part_Cut|Cut]]}}. This will create {{incode|Cut003}}. |
||
</translate> |
</translate> |
||
[[File:08_T03_Part_ball_cut_1.png]] |
[[File:08_T03_Part_ball_cut_1.png]] |
||
<translate> |
<translate> |
||
<!--T:56--> |
|||
{{Caption|The internal hollowed solid, cut by {{incode|Cut001}}.}} |
{{Caption|The internal hollowed solid, cut by {{incode|Cut001}}.}} |
||
<!--T:57--> |
|||
26. In the [[tree view|tree view]] de-select the objects; then select {{incode|Cut003}} first, and then {{incode|Cut002}}. |
26. In the [[tree view|tree view]] de-select the objects; then select {{incode|Cut003}} first, and then {{incode|Cut002}}. |
||
:26.1. Then press {{Button|[[File:Part_Cut.svg| |
:26.1. Then press {{Button|[[File:Part_Cut.svg|16px]] [[Part_Cut|Cut]]}}. This will create {{incode|Cut004}}. This is the final object. |
||
:26.2. Select {{incode|Cut004}}, click on the {{ |
:26.2. Select {{incode|Cut004}}, click on the {{MenuCommand|Shape Color}} value to open the {{MenuCommand|Select color}} dialog, then choose a green color; also change the value of {{MenuCommand|Line Width}} to {{incode|2.0}}. |
||
</translate> |
</translate> |
||
[[File:09_T03_Part_ball_cut_2.png]] |
[[File:09_T03_Part_ball_cut_2.png]] |
||
<translate> |
<translate> |
||
<!--T:58--> |
|||
{{Caption|The internal hollowed solid, cut by {{incode|Cut001}} and {{incode|Cut002}}. Final model.}} |
{{Caption|The internal hollowed solid, cut by {{incode|Cut001}} and {{incode|Cut002}}. Final model.}} |
||
<!--T:59--> |
|||
⚫ | |||
27. Real objects don't have perfectly sharp edges or corners, so applying a fillet to the edges can be done to refine the model. |
|||
⚫ | |||
:27.1. In the [[tree view|tree view]], select {{incode|Cut004}} then press {{Button|[[File:Part_Fillet.svg|16px]] [[Part_Fillet|Fillet]]}}. |
|||
:27.2. In the {{MenuCommand|Fillet edges}} [[task panel|task panel]] go to {{MenuCommand|Selection}}, choose {{MenuCommand|Select edges}}, and then press {{Button|All}}. As {{MenuCommand|Fillet type}} choose {{incode|Constant radius}}, then set {{MenuCommand|Radius}} to {{incode|1 mm}}. |
|||
:24.3. Press {{Button|OK}}. This will create a {{incode|Fillet}} object. |
|||
:27.4. In the {{MenuCommand|View}} tab, change the value of {{MenuCommand|Line Width}} to {{incode|2.0}}. |
|||
</translate> |
|||
[[File:10_T03_Part_ball_fillet.png]] |
|||
<translate> |
|||
<!--T:60--> |
|||
{{Caption|Final whiffle ball model with fillets applied to the edges.}} |
|||
</translate> |
</translate> |
||
⚫ | |||
{{clear}} |
|||
⚫ |
Latest revision as of 13:07, 14 April 2023
Tutorial |
Topic |
---|
Product design |
Level |
Beginner |
Time to complete |
30 minutes |
Authors |
r-frank and vocx |
FreeCAD version |
0.17 and above |
Example files |
WhiffleBall_Tutorial_FCWiki.FCStd |
See also |
None |
Introduction
This tutorial was originally written by Roland Frank (†2017, r-frank), and it was rewritten and illustrated by vocx.
This tutorial is here to teach you how to use the Part Workbench.
The Part Workbench was the first workbench developed. It provides the basic geometrical elements that can be used as building blocks for other workbenches. The Part Workbench is meant to be used in a traditional constructive solid geometry (CSG) workflow. For a more modern workflow using sketches, pads, and features, use the PartDesign Workbench.
You will practice:
- inserting primitives
- changing parameters of those primitive objects
- modifying their placement
- doing boolean operations
Final model of the wiffle ball
Setup
1. Open FreeCAD, create a new empty document with File → New, and switch to the Part Workbench.
- 1.1. Press the View isometric button, or press 0 in the numerical pad of your keyboard, to change the view to isometric to visualize the 3D solids better.
- 1.2. Press the View fit all button whenever you add objects in order to pan and zoom the 3D view so that all elements are seen in the view.
- 1.3. Hold Ctrl while you click to select multiple items. If you selected something wrong or want to de-select everything, just click on empty space in the 3D view.
Insert primitive cubes
2. Insert a primitive cube by clicking on Box.
- 2.1. Select
Cube
in the tree view. - 2.2. Change the dimensions in the Data tab of the property editor.
- 2.3. Change Length to
90 mm
. - 2.4. Change Width to
90 mm
. - 2.5. Change Height to
90 mm
.
3. In the Data tab of the property editor, click on the Placement value so the ellipsis button ... appears on the right.
- 3.1. Press on the ellipsis to launch the Placement dialog.
- 3.2. Change the Translation values.
- 3.3. Change X to
-45 mm
. - 3.4. Change Y to
-45 mm
. - 3.5. Change Z to
-45 mm
. - 3.6. Press the OK button to close the dialog.
4. Repeat the process, inserting a second, smaller cube by clicking on Box.
- 4.1. The second cube will be created with the same name, but with an additional number to distinguish the object.
- 4.2. Select
Cube001
in the tree view, and change the dimensions and placement like with the previous object. - 4.3. Change Length to
80 mm
. - 4.4. Change Width to
80 mm
. - 4.5. Change Height to
80 mm
. - 4.6. Open the Placement dialog.
- 4.7. Change X to
-40 mm
. - 4.8. Change Y to
-40 mm
. - 4.9. Change Z to
-40 mm
. - 4.10. Press the OK button to close the dialog.
Change visual properties
5. The previous operations create a smaller cube inside a bigger cube. To visualize this, we can modify the View properties in the property editor.
- 5.1. Select
Cube001
, the smaller cube, in the tree view, and change the color. In the View tab, click on the Shape Color value to open the Select color dialog, then choose a green color; also change the value of Line Width to2.0
. - 5.2. Select
Cube
, the larger cube, in the tree view. In the View tab, change the value of Transparency to70
.
Solid cube inside another solid cube
Insert primitive cylinders
6. Insert a primitive cylinder by clicking on Cylinder.
- 6.1. Select
Cylinder
in the tree view. - 6.2. Change the dimensions in the Data tab of the property editor.
- 6.3. Change Radius to
27.5 mm
. - 6.4. Change Height to
120 mm
. - 6.5. Open the Placement dialog.
- 6.6. Change Z to
-60 mm
. - 6.7. Press the OK button to close the dialog.
7. Repeat the process, inserting a second cylinder by clicking on Cylinder.
- 7.1. The second cylinder will be created with the same name, but with an additional number to distinguish the object.
- 7.2. Select
Cylinder001
in the tree view, and change the dimensions and placement like with the previous object. - 7.3. Change Radius to
27.5 mm
. - 7.4. Change Height to
120 mm
. - 7.5. Open the Placement dialog.
- 7.6. Change Y to
60 mm
. - 7.7. Change the Rotation to
Rotation axis with angle
; Axis toX
(by setting theX
,Y
andZ
values of the axis inputboxes to1
,0
and0
respectively), and Angle to90 deg
. - 7.8. Press the OK button to close the dialog.
8. Insert another cylinder. This time create a duplicate so that the radius and height don't have to be changed, only its placement.
- 8.1. Select
Cylinder001
in the tree view, and go to the menu Edit → Duplicate selection. This will createCylinder002
. - 8.2. Open the Placement dialog.
- 8.3. Change X to
-60 mm
, and change Y back to0 mm
. - 8.4. Change the Rotation to
Rotation axis with angle
; Axis toY
, and Angle to90 deg
. - 8.5. Press the OK button to close the dialog.
Change visual properties
9. The previous operations create three cylinders that intersect with each other, and also intersect the cubes. To visualize this better we can modify the View properties in the property editor.
- 9.1. Select
Cube001
, the smaller cube, in the tree view, and change the transparency. In the View tab, change the value of Transparency to70
. - 9.2. Select
Cylinder
, in the View tab, click on the Shape Color value to open the Select color dialog, then choose a red color. - 9.3. Select
Cylinder001
, in the View tab, click on the Shape Color value to open the Select color dialog, then choose a blue color. - 9.4. Select
Cylinder002
, in the View tab, click on the Shape Color value to open the Select color dialog, then choose a pink color. - 9.5. Select the three cylinders, in the View tab also change the value of Line Width to
2.0
.
Solid cylinders that intersect themselves and the solid cubes.
Fuse and cut
10. In the tree view, select Cube001
(the inner, smaller cube), and the tree cylinders, then press Fuse. This will create a Fusion
object.
11. Then perform a boolean cut of the Cube
(larger cube) and the new Fusion
object.
- 11.1. In the tree view select
Cube
first, and thenFusion
. - 11.2. Then press Cut. This will create a
Cut
object. - Note: the order in which you select the objects is important for the cut operation. The base object is selected first, and the subtracting object comes at the end.
- 11.3. If the colors look strange, select the new
Cut
object, go to the View tab, click on the Shape Color value to open the Select color dialog, then choose a gray color; also change the value of Line Width to2.0
.
Hollow shape produced from cutting a cube and three cylinders from a bigger cube.
Insert primitive cubes to cut the corners of the partial solid
Now we'll create more cubes that will be used as cutting tools to trim the corners of the previously obtained Cut
object.
12. Click on Box.
- 12.1. Select
Cube002
in the tree view, and change the dimensions and placement. - 12.2. Change Length to
140 mm
. - 12.3. Change Width to
112 mm
. - 12.4. Change Height to
112 mm
. - 12.5. Open the Placement dialog.
- 12.6. Change X to
-70 mm
. - 12.7. Change Y to
-56 mm
. - 12.8. Change Z to
-56 mm
. - 12.9. Press OK.
13. Click on Box.
- 13.1. Select
Cube003
in the tree view, and change the dimensions and placement. - 13.2. Change Length to
180 mm
. - 13.3. Change Width to
180 mm
. - 13.4. Change Height to
180 mm
. - 13.5. Open the Placement dialog.
- 13.6. Change X to
-90 mm
. - 13.7. Change Y to
-90 mm
. - 13.8. Change Z to
-90 mm
. - 13.9. Press OK.
We'll duplicate the previous two objects again to use once more as cutting objects.
14. Select only Cube002
in the tree view, and go to Edit → Duplicate selection. This will create Cube004
.
15. Select only Cube003
in the tree view, and go to Edit → Duplicate selection. This will create Cube005
.
16. To visualize this better we can modify the View properties in the property editor.
- 16.1. Select the
Cut
object, in the View tab, click on the Shape Color value to open the Select color dialog, then choose a blue color. - 16.2. Select all new cubes,
Cube002
,Cube003
,Cube004
, andCube005
, in the View tab, change the value of Transparency to80
.
Additional external cubes that will be used as cutting objects for the internal solid.
Cutting the corners 1
17. In the tree view select Cube002
and Cube003
.
- 17.1. Open the Placement dialog.
- 17.2. Tick the option Apply incremental changes; notice that all Translation values are reset to zeroes.
- 17.3. Change the Rotation to
Rotation axis with angle
; Axis toX
, and Angle to45 deg
, then click on Apply. This will apply a rotation around the X-axis, and will reset the Angle field to zero. - 17.4. Change the Rotation again, now Axis to
Z
, and Angle to45 deg
, then click on Apply. This will apply a rotation around the local Z-axis, and will reset the Angle field to zero. - 17.5. Click on OK to close the dialog.
18. In the tree view de-select the objects; then select Cube003
first, the bigger cube, and then Cube002
, the smaller cube.
- 18.1. Then press Cut. This will create
Cut001
. This is a hollowed body which intersects the initialCut
only at certain corners.
19. To visualize this better we can modify the View properties in the property editor.
- 19.1. Select
Cube004
andCube005
, in the View tab, then change the value of Visibility tofalse
, or press Space in the keyboard. - 19.2. Select
Cut001
, click on the Shape Color value to open the Select color dialog, then choose a red color; also change the value of Transparency to90
.
A rotated, hollowed solid, which will be used as a cutting object for some corners of the internal solid.
Cutting the corners 2
20. In the tree view select Cut001
, in the View tab, change the value of Visibility to false
, or press Space in the keyboard.
21. In the tree view select Cube004
and Cube005
, in the View tab, change the value of Visibility to true
, or press Space in the keyboard.
- 21.1. Open the Placement dialog.
- 21.2. Tick the option Apply incremental changes; notice that all Translation values are reset to zeroes.
- 21.3. Change the Rotation to
Rotation axis with angle
; Axis toX
, and Angle to45 deg
, then click on Apply. This will apply a rotation around the X-axis, and will reset theAngle
field to zero. - 21.4. Change the Rotation again, now Axis to
Z
, and Angle to-45 deg
, then click on Apply. This will apply a rotation around the local Z-axis, and will reset the Angle field to zero. - 21.5. Click on OK to close the dialog.
22. In the tree view de-select the objects; then select Cube005
first, the bigger cube, and then Cube004
, the smaller cube.
- 22.1. Then press Cut. This will create
Cut002
. This is a hollowed body which intersects the initialCut
only at certain corners.
23. To visualize this better we can modify the View properties in the property editor.
- 23.1. Select
Cut002
, click on the Shape Color value to open the Select color dialog, then choose a pink color; also change the value of Transparency to90
.
A rotated, hollowed solid, which will be used as a cutting object for some corners of the internal solid.
Finishing the model
24. Make sure all objects are visible. In the tree view select all objects, in the View tab, change the value of Visibility to true
, or press Space in the keyboard.
The internal hollowed solid, together with the external objects which will be used to cut it.
25. In the tree view de-select the objects; then select Cut
first, and then Cut001
.
- 25.1. Then press Cut. This will create
Cut003
.
The internal hollowed solid, cut by Cut001
.
26. In the tree view de-select the objects; then select Cut003
first, and then Cut002
.
- 26.1. Then press Cut. This will create
Cut004
. This is the final object. - 26.2. Select
Cut004
, click on the Shape Color value to open the Select color dialog, then choose a green color; also change the value of Line Width to2.0
.
The internal hollowed solid, cut by Cut001
and Cut002
. Final model.
27. Real objects don't have perfectly sharp edges or corners, so applying a fillet to the edges can be done to refine the model.
- 27.1. In the tree view, select
Cut004
then press Fillet. - 27.2. In the Fillet edges task panel go to Selection, choose Select edges, and then press All. As Fillet type choose
Constant radius
, then set Radius to1 mm
. - 24.3. Press OK. This will create a
Fillet
object. - 27.4. In the View tab, change the value of Line Width to
2.0
.
Final whiffle ball model with fillets applied to the edges.
- Primitives: Box, Cylinder, Sphere, Cone, Torus, Tube, Create primitives, Shape builder
- Creation and modification: Extrude, Revolve, Mirror, Fillet, Chamfer, Make face from wires, Ruled Surface, Loft, Sweep, Section, Cross sections, 3D Offset, 2D Offset, Thickness, Projection on surface, Attachment
- Boolean: Make compound, Explode Compound, Compound Filter, Boolean, Cut, Fuse, Common, Connect, Embed, Cutout, Boolean fragments, Slice apart, Slice, XOR
- Measure: Measure Linear, Measure Angular, Measure Refresh, Clear All, Toggle All, Toggle 3D, Toggle Delta
- Getting started
- Installation: Download, Windows, Linux, Mac, Additional components, Docker, AppImage, Ubuntu Snap
- Basics: About FreeCAD, Interface, Mouse navigation, Selection methods, Object name, Preferences, Workbenches, Document structure, Properties, Help FreeCAD, Donate
- Help: Tutorials, Video tutorials
- Workbenches: Std Base, Arch, Assembly, CAM, Draft, FEM, Inspection, Mesh, OpenSCAD, Part, PartDesign, Points, Reverse Engineering, Robot, Sketcher, Spreadsheet, Start, Surface, TechDraw, Test Framework, Web
- Hubs: User hub, Power users hub, Developer hub