Sketcher ConstrainTangent: Difference between revisions

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{{GuiCommand
{{GuiCommand
|Name=Sketcher ConstrainTangent
|Name=Sketcher ConstrainTangent
|MenuLocation=Sketch → Sketcher constraints → Constrain tangent
|MenuLocation=Sketch → Sketcher constraints → Constrain tangent or collinear
|Workbenches=[[Sketcher_Workbench|Sketcher]]
|Workbenches=[[Sketcher_Workbench|Sketcher]]
|Shortcut={{KEY|T}}
|Shortcut={{KEY|T}}
|SeeAlso=
|SeeAlso=[[Sketcher_ConstrainPointOnObject|Sketcher Constraint point on object]]
}}
}}


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The [[Image:Sketcher_ConstrainTangent.svg|24px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainTangent|Sketcher ConstrainTangent]] tool constrains two edges, or an edge and an axis, to be tangent. Lines are treated as infinite, and arcs are treated as full circles/ellipses. The constraint can also connect two edges, forcing them to be tangent at the joint, making the joint smooth. If two lines are selected, or a line and the endpoint of another line, they are made collinear.
The [[Image:Sketcher_ConstrainTangent.svg|24px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainTangent|Sketcher ConstrainTangent]] tool constrains two edges, or an edge and an axis, to be tangent. Lines are treated as infinite, and open curves are virtually extended as well. The constraint can also connect two edges, forcing them to be tangent at the joint. If two lines are selected, or a line and the endpoint of another line, the lines are made collinear.


==Usage== <!--T:30-->
==Usage== <!--T:30-->


# Do one of the following (optional if the tool will run in [[Sketcher_Workbench#Continue_modes|continue mode]]):
See also: [[Sketcher_Workbench#Drawing_aids|Drawing aids]].

===[[Sketcher_Workbench#Continue_modes|Continue mode]]===

# Make sure there is no selection.
# There are several ways to invoke the tool:
#* Press the {{Button|[[Image:Sketcher_ConstrainTangent.svg|16px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainTangent|Constrain tangent or collinear]]}} button.
#* Select the {{MenuCommand|Sketch → Sketcher constraints → [[Image:Sketcher_ConstrainTangent.svg|16px]] Constrain tangent or collinear}} option from the menu.
#* {{Version|0.22}}: Right-click in the [[3D_view|3D view]] and select the {{MenuCommand|Constrain → [[Image:Sketcher_ConstrainTangent.svg|16px]] Constrain tangent or collinear}} option from the context menu.
#* Use the keyboard shortcut: {{KEY|T}}.
# The cursor changes to a cross with the tool icon.
# Do one of the following:
#* Select two edges. The edges can be any edge except a B-spline.
#* Select two edges. The edges can be any edge except a B-spline.
#* Select a point and two edges (in that order).
#* Select an edge, a point and another edge (idem).
# A Tangent constraint is added. If a point and two edges have been selected, up to two [[Sketcher_ConstrainPointOnObject|Point on object constraints]] can also be added. See [[#Between_two_edges_at_point|Examples]].
# Optionally keep creating constraints.
# To finish, right-click or press {{KEY|Esc}}, or start another geometry or constraint creation tool.

===Run-once mode===

# Do one of the following:
#* Select two edges (see above).
#* Select two endpoints belonging to different edges.
#* Select two endpoints belonging to different edges.
#* Select an edge and the endpoint of another edge (in any order).
#* Select an edge and the endpoint of another edge (in any order).
#* Select a point and two edges (idem).
#* Select a point and two edges (idem).
# Invoke the tool as explained above, or with the following additional option:
# There are several ways to invoke the tool:
#* Press the {{Button|[[Image:Sketcher_ConstrainTangent.svg|16px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainTangent|Constrain tangent]]}} button.
#* {{Version|0.22}}: Right-click in the [[3D_view|3D view]] and select the {{MenuCommand|[[Image:Sketcher_ConstrainTangent.svg|16px]] Constrain tangent or collinear}} option from the context menu.
# A Tangent constraint is added. If a point and two edges have been selected, up to two [[Sketcher_ConstrainPointOnObject|Point on object constraints]] can also be added. See [[#Between_two_edges_at_point|Examples]].
#* Select the {{MenuCommand|Sketch → Sketcher constraints → [[Image:Sketcher_ConstrainTangent.svg|16px]] Constrain tangent}} option from the menu.
#* {{Version|0.22}}: Right-click in the [[3D_view|3D view]] and select the {{MenuCommand|Constrain → [[Image:Sketcher_ConstrainTangent.svg|16px]] Constrain tangent}} option from the context menu.
#* Use the keyboard shortcut: {{KEY|T}}.
# If the tool runs in [[Sketcher_Workbench#Continue_modes|continue mode]]:
## The cursor changes to a white cross with the tool icon.
## Optionally keep selecting elements:
##* Select two edges (see above).
##* Select a point and two edges (in that order).
##* Select an edge, a point and another edge (idem).
## To finish, right-click or press {{KEY|Esc}}, or start a another constraints or geometries tool.


==Examples==
==Examples==


===Between two edges (direct tangency)=== <!--T:5-->
===Between two edges=== <!--T:5-->


</translate>
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<translate>
<translate>


The two edges are made tangent. If one of the edges is a [[Sketcher_Workbench#Sketcher_CompCreateConic|conic]], a [[Sketcher_CreatePoint|point object]] that has a [[Sketcher_ConstrainPointOnObject|point onto object constraint]] with both edges is added.
The two edges are made tangent. If one of the edges is a [[Sketcher_Workbench#Sketcher_CompCreateConic|conic]], a [[Sketcher_CreatePoint|Point object]] that has a [[Sketcher_ConstrainPointOnObject|Point on object constraint]] with both (extended) edges is added.


<!--T:8-->
<!--T:8-->
It is not recommended to reconstruct the point of tangency by manually creating a point and constraining it to lie on both curves. It will work, but the convergence will be seriously slower, jumpier, and will require about twice as many iterations to converge than normal. If the point of tangency is needed, select two edges and an existing point instead.
It is not recommended to reconstruct the point of tangency by manually creating a point and constraining it to lie on both curves. It will work, but the convergence will be seriously slower, jumpier, and will require about twice as many iterations to converge than normal. If the point of tangency is needed, select two edges and an existing point instead.


===Between two endpoints (point-to-point tangency)=== <!--T:9-->
===Between two endpoints=== <!--T:9-->


</translate>
</translate>
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<translate>
<translate>


The endpoints are made coincident, and the angle between the edges at that point is set to 180° (smooth) or 0° (sharp), depending on the placement of the edges before the constraint is applied.
The endpoints are made coincident, and the angle between the edges at that point is set to 180° (smooth joint) or 0° (sharp joint), depending on the placement of the edges before the constraint is applied.


===Between edge and endpoint (point-to-edge tangency)=== <!--T:12-->
===Between edge and endpoint=== <!--T:12-->


</translate>
</translate>
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<!--T:13-->
In this mode, an endpoint of one curve is constrained to lie on the other curve, and the curves are forced tangent at the point. This mode is applied when a curve and an endpoint of another curve were selected.
The endpoint of one edge is constrained to lie on the other edge, and the edges are made tangent at that point.


<!--T:14-->
===Between two edges at point=== <!--T:15-->
'''Accepted selection:'''
* line, circle, arc, ellipse, arc-of-ellipse + endpoint of line/arc/arc-of-ellipse (i.e., any curve + endpoint of any curve)


===Between two edges at point (tangent-via-point)=== <!--T:15-->


</translate>
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<!--T:16-->
The two edges are made tangent at a given point. The point can be any point, e.g. the center of a circle, the endpoint of an edge, or the origin, it can belong to one of the edges, and it can also be a [[Sketcher_CreatePoint|Point object]]. If required [[Sketcher_ConstrainPointOnObject|Point on object constraint(s)]] are added to ensure the point lies on both (extended) edges. These additional constraints are called [[Sketcher_helper_constraint|helper constraints]].
In this mode, two curves are made tangent, and the point of tangency is tracked. This mode is applied when two curves and a point were selected.

<!--T:17-->
'''Accepted selection:'''
* any line/curve + any line/curve + any point
"Any point" can be a lone point, or a point of something, e.g. a center of a circle, an endpoint of an arc, or the origin.

<!--T:18-->
For the constraint to work correctly, the point must be on both curves. So, as the constraint is invoked, the point will be automatically constrained onto both curves ([[Sketcher_helper_constraint|helper constraints]] will be added, if necessary), and the curves will be forced tangent at the point. These [[Sketcher_helper_constraint|helper constraints]] are plain regular constraints. They can be added manually, or deleted.


<!--T:19-->
<!--T:19-->
Compared to direct tangency, this constraint is slower, because there are more degrees of freedom involved, but if the point of tangency is needed, it is the recommended mode because it offers better convergence compared to direct tangency + point on two curves.
Compared to direct tangency, this constraint is slower, because there are more degrees of freedom involved, but if the point of tangency is needed, it is recommended because it offers better convergence.

<!--T:20-->
The placement of the point before the constraint is applied is a hint for the solver for where the tangency should be. With this constraint, one can constrain two ellipses to touch each other in two places.


===Between two lines (collinear)=== <!--T:32-->
===Between two lines=== <!--T:32-->


</translate>
</translate>
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<translate>
<translate>


The two lines are made collinear.
<!--T:33-->
'''Accepted selection:'''
* any line/vertex + any line/vertex


==Scripting== <!--T:21-->
==Scripting== <!--T:21-->

Revision as of 07:50, 19 April 2024

This documentation is a work in progress. Please don't mark it as translatable since it will change in the next hours and days.

Sketcher ConstrainTangent

Menu location
Sketch → Sketcher constraints → Constrain tangent or collinear
Workbenches
Sketcher
Default shortcut
T
Introduced in version
-
See also
None

Description

The Sketcher ConstrainTangent tool constrains two edges, or an edge and an axis, to be tangent. Lines are treated as infinite, and open curves are virtually extended as well. The constraint can also connect two edges, forcing them to be tangent at the joint. If two lines are selected, or a line and the endpoint of another line, the lines are made collinear.

Usage

See also: Drawing aids.

Continue mode

  1. Make sure there is no selection.
  2. There are several ways to invoke the tool:
    • Press the Constrain tangent or collinear button.
    • Select the Sketch → Sketcher constraints → Constrain tangent or collinear option from the menu.
    • introduced in version 0.22: Right-click in the 3D view and select the Constrain → Constrain tangent or collinear option from the context menu.
    • Use the keyboard shortcut: T.
  3. The cursor changes to a cross with the tool icon.
  4. Do one of the following:
    • Select two edges. The edges can be any edge except a B-spline.
    • Select a point and two edges (in that order).
    • Select an edge, a point and another edge (idem).
  5. A Tangent constraint is added. If a point and two edges have been selected, up to two Point on object constraints can also be added. See Examples.
  6. Optionally keep creating constraints.
  7. To finish, right-click or press Esc, or start another geometry or constraint creation tool.

Run-once mode

  1. Do one of the following:
    • Select two edges (see above).
    • Select two endpoints belonging to different edges.
    • Select an edge and the endpoint of another edge (in any order).
    • Select a point and two edges (idem).
  2. Invoke the tool as explained above, or with the following additional option:
  3. A Tangent constraint is added. If a point and two edges have been selected, up to two Point on object constraints can also be added. See Examples.

Examples

Between two edges

The two edges are made tangent. If one of the edges is a conic, a Point object that has a Point on object constraint with both (extended) edges is added.

It is not recommended to reconstruct the point of tangency by manually creating a point and constraining it to lie on both curves. It will work, but the convergence will be seriously slower, jumpier, and will require about twice as many iterations to converge than normal. If the point of tangency is needed, select two edges and an existing point instead.

Between two endpoints

The endpoints are made coincident, and the angle between the edges at that point is set to 180° (smooth joint) or 0° (sharp joint), depending on the placement of the edges before the constraint is applied.

Between edge and endpoint

The endpoint of one edge is constrained to lie on the other edge, and the edges are made tangent at that point.

Between two edges at point

The two edges are made tangent at a given point. The point can be any point, e.g. the center of a circle, the endpoint of an edge, or the origin, it can belong to one of the edges, and it can also be a Point object. If required Point on object constraint(s) are added to ensure the point lies on both (extended) edges. These additional constraints are called helper constraints.

Compared to direct tangency, this constraint is slower, because there are more degrees of freedom involved, but if the point of tangency is needed, it is recommended because it offers better convergence.

Between two lines

The two lines are made collinear.

Scripting

Tangent Constraint can be created from macros and from the Python console by using the following:

# direct tangency
Sketch.addConstraint(Sketcher.Constraint('Tangent',icurve1,icurve2))

# point-to-point tangency
Sketch.addConstraint(Sketcher.Constraint('Tangent',icurve1,pointpos1,icurve2,pointpos2))

# point-to-curve tangency
Sketch.addConstraint(Sketcher.Constraint('Tangent',icurve1,pointpos1,icurve2))

# tangent-via-point (plain constraint, helpers are not added automatically)
Sketch.addConstraint(Sketcher.Constraint('TangentViaPoint',icurve1,icurve2,geoidpoint,pointpos))

where:

  • Sketch is a sketch object
  • icurve1, icurve2 are two integers identifying the curves to be made tangent. The integers are indexes in the sketch (the value, returned by Sketch.addGeometry).
  • pointpos1, pointpos2 should be 1 for start point and 2 for end point.
  • geoidpoint and pointpos in TangentViaPoint are the indexes specifying the point of tangency.

The Sketcher scripting page explains the values which can be used for incurve1, incurve2, pointpos1, pointpos2, geoidpoint and pointpos and contains further examples on how to create constraints from Python scripts.