Manuale: Panoramica su tutti gli ambienti di lavoro

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Una delle maggiori difficoltà per i nuovi utenti di FreeCAD, è quella di sapere in quale ambiente di lavoro trovare uno strumento specifico. La tabella sottostante fornisce una panoramica degli ambienti più importanti e dei loro strumenti. Per un elenco più completo fare riferimento alla pagina della documentazione di FreeCAD per ciascun ambiente.

Quattro ambienti sono inoltre progettati per lavorare in coppia, e uno di loro è completamente incluso nell'altro: Architettura contiene tutti gli strumenti di Draft, e PartDesign tutti gli strumenti di Sketcher. Tuttavia, per chiarezza, quì sono separati.

Parte

L'ambiente Parte fornisce gli strumenti di base per lavorare con le parti solide: primitive, come il cubo e la sfera, e operazioni geometriche semplici e operazioni booleane. Essendo il punto di ancoraggio principale con OpenCasCade, l'ambiente Parte fornisce le fondamenta del sistema di geometria di FreeCAD, e quasi tutti gli altri ambienti producono della geometria basata su Part.

Tool Descrizione Tool Descrizione
Box Disegna un cubo Cono Disegna un cono
Cilindro Disegna un cilindro Sfera Disegna una sfera
Toro Disegna un toro (anello) Crea primitive Crea varie altre primitive geometriche parametriche
Genera una forma Crea forme più complesse da primitive Unione Unisce (fonde) due oggetti
Intersezione Estrae la parte comune (intersezione) di due oggetti Taglio Taglia (sottrae) un oggetto da un altro
JonConnect Collega gli interni di oggetti con pareti (es. tubazioni) JoinEmbed Incorpora un oggetto con pareti in un altro oggetto analogo
Join Cutout Crea un ritaglio nella parete di un oggetto per un altro oggetto analogo Estrudi Estrude le facce piane di un oggetto
Raccorda Raccordo (arrotonda) i bordi di un oggetto Rivoluziona Crea un solido ruotando un altro oggetto (non solido) attorno ad un asse
Sezione Crea una sezione intersecando un oggetto con un altro Sezioni Crea più sezioni trasversali lungo un oggetto
Smussa Smussa i bordi di un oggetto Specchia Specchia l'oggetto selezionato in un determinato piano di specchio
Crea superficie rigata Crea una superficie rigata tra le curve selezionate Sweep Spazza uno o più profili lungo un percorso
Loft Congiunge due profili Offset Crea una copia in scala dell'oggetto originale
Spessore Assegna uno spessore alle facce di una forma

Draft

L'ambiente Draft fornisce gli strumenti per fare disegni di base CAD 2D: linee, cerchi, ecc ... e una serie di utili strumenti generici come spostare, ruotare o scalare. Esso fornisce inoltre diversi aiuti di disegno, come la griglia e l'aggancio. Esso è pensato principalmente per disegnare le linee guida per gli oggetti di Arch, ma serve anche come "coltellino svizzero" di FreeCAD.

Tool Description Tool Description
Linea Disegna un segmento tra 2 punti Wire Disegna una linea composta da più segmenti (polilinea)
Cerchio Disegna un cerchio da centro e raggio Arco Disegna un arco da centro, raggio, angolo iniziale e angolo finale
Ellisse Disegna un'ellisse da due punti d'angolo Poligono Disegna un poligono regolare da un centro e un raggio
Rettangolo Disegna un rettangolo da 2 vertici opposti Testo Disegna un testo di annotazione multi-linea
Dimensione Disegna un'annotazione dimensione BSpline Disegna una B-Spline da una serie di punti
Punto Inserisce un singolo punto Forma da testo Inserisce in un dato punto nel documento corrente una forma composta che riproduce una stringa di testo
Lega facce Crea un nuovo oggetto da facce selezionate su oggetti esistenti Curva di Bezier Disegna una curva di Bezier da una serie di punti
Sposta Sposta o copia gli oggetti da un posto ad un altro Ruota Ruota gli oggetti di un certo angolo attorno ad un punto
Offset Crea un offset di un oggetto ad una certa distanza Tronca o estendi Tronca, estende o estrude un oggetto
Promuovi Converte o unisce gli oggetti in un oggetto di livello superiore Retrocedi Converte o separa gli oggetti in un oggetto di livello inferiore
Scala Scala gli oggetti in relazione a un punto Vista Profilo 2D Crea un oggetto 2D ottenuto dalla proiezione di un altro oggetto
Da Draft a Sketch Converte un oggetto Draft in uno schizzo e viceversa Matrice Crea una serie polare o rettangolare da un oggetto
Path Array Crea una serie da un oggetto, ponendo copie lungo un percorso Clona Crea copie collegate di oggetti
Specchia Specchia oggetti rispetto a una linea

Sketcher

The Sketcher Workbench contains tools to build and edit complex 2D objects, called sketches. The geometry inside these sketches can be precisely positioned and relationed by the use of constraints. They are meant primarily to be the building blocks of PartDesign geometry, but are useful everywhere in FreeCAD.

Tool Description Tool Description
Point Draws a point Line Draws a line segment from 2 points
Arc Draws an arc segment from center, radius, start angle and end angle Arc 3 points Draws an arc segment from two endpoints and another point on the circumference
Circle Draws a circle from center and radius Circle 3 points Draws a circle from three points on the circumference
Ellipse Draws an ellipse by center point, major radius point and minor radius point Ellipse 3 points Draws an ellipse by major diameter (2 points) and minor radius point
Arc of ellipse Draws an arc of ellipse by center point, major radius point, starting point and ending point Polyline Draws a line made of multiple line segments. Several drawing modes available
Rectangle Draws a rectangle from 2 opposite points Triangle Draws a regular triangle inscribed in a construction geometry circle
Square Draws a regular square inscribed in a construction geometry circle Pentagon Draws a regular pentagon inscribed in a construction geometry circle
Hexagon Draws a regular hexagon inscribed in a construction geometry circle Heptagon Draws a regular heptagon inscribed in a construction geometry circle
Octagon Draws a regular octagon inscribed in a construction geometry circle Slot Draws an oval by selecting the center of one semicircle and an endpoint of the other semicircle
Fillet Makes a fillet between two lines joined at one point Trimming Trims a line, circle or arc with respect to a clicked point
External geometry Creates an edge linked to external geometry Construction mode Toggles an element to/from construction mode. A construction object will not be used in a 3D geometry operation and is only visible while editing the Sketch that contains it
Point on point Affixes a point onto (coincident with) one or more other points. Point on object Affixes a point onto another object such as a line, arc, or axis.
Vertical Constrains the selected lines or polyline elements to a true vertical orientation. More than one object can be selected before applying this constraint. Horizontal Constrains the selected lines or polyline elements to a true horizontal orientation. More than one object can be selected before applying this constraint.
Parallel Constrains two or more lines parallel to one another. Perpendicular Constrains two lines perpendicular to one another, or constrains a line perpendicular to an arc endpoint.
Tangent Creates a tangent constraint between two selected entities, or a co-linear constraint between two line segments. Equal length Constrains two selected entities equal to one another. If used on circles or arcs their radii will be set equal.
Symmetric Constrains two points symmetrically about a line, or constrains the first two selected points symmetrically about a third selected point. Lock Constrains the selected item by setting vertical and horizontal distances relative to the origin, thereby locking the location of that item
Horizontal distance Fixes the horizontal distance between two points or line endpoints. If only one item is selected, the distance is set to the origin. Vertical distance Fixes the vertical distance between 2 points or line endpoints. If only one item is selected, the distance is set to the origin.
Length Defines the distance of a selected line by constraining its length, or defines the distance between two points by constraining the distance between them. Radius Defines the radius of a selected arc or circle by constraining the radius.
Internal anglr Defines the internal angle between two selected lines. Snell's law Constrains two lines to obey a refraction law to simulate the light going through an interface
Internal alignment Aligns selected elements to selected shape (e.g. a line to become major axis of an ellipse) Map sketch Maps a sketch to the previously selected face of a solid
Merge Merge two or more sketches Mirror Mirrors selected elements of a sketch

Part Design

The Part Design Workbench contains advanced tools to build solid parts. It also contains all the tools from the sketcher. Since it can only produces solid shapes (the rule number one of Part Design), it is the main workbench to use when designing pieces (parts) to be manufactured or 3D-printed, as you will always obtain a printable object.

Tool Description Tool Description
Pad Extrudes a solid object from a selected sketch Pocket Creates a pocket from a selected sketch. The sketch must be mapped to an existing solid object's face
Revolution Creates a solid by revolving a sketch around an axis Groove Creates a groove by revolving a sketch around an axis
Fillet Fillets (rounds) edges of an object Chamfer Chamfers edges of an object
Draft Applies angular draft to faces of an object Mirrored Mirrors features on a plane or face
Linear pattern Creates a linear pattern of features Polar pattern Creates a polar pattern of features
Scaled Scales features to a different size Multitransform Allows creating a pattern with any combination of the other transformations
Shaft wizard Generates a shaft from a table of values and allows to analyze forces and moments Involute gear wizard Allows you to create several types of gears

Arch

The Arch Workbench contains tools to work with BIM projects (civil engineering and architecture). It also contains all the tools from the Draft workbench. The main use of the Arch Workbench is to create BIM objects or give BIM attributes to objects built with other workbenches, in order to export them to IFC.

Tool Description Tool Description
Wall Creates a wall from scratch or using a selected object as a base Structure Creates a structural element from scratch or using a selected object as a base
Rebar Creates a reinforcement bar in a selected structural element Floor Creates a floor including selected objects
Building Creates a building including selected objects Site Creates a site including selected objects
Window Creates a window using a selected object as a base Section plane Adds a section plane object to the document
Axis Adds an axes system to the document Roof Creates a sloped roof from a selected face
Space Creates a space object in the document Stairs Creates a stairs object in the document
Panel Creates a panel object from a selected 2D object Frame Creates a frame object from a selected layout
Equipment Creates an equipment or furniture object Material Attributes a material to selected objects
Schedule Creates different types of schedules Cut plane Cut an object according to a plan
Add Adds objects to a component Remove Subtracts or removes objects from a component
Survey Enters or leaves surveying mode

Drawing

The Drawing Workbench handles the creation and manipulation of 2D drawing sheets, used for displaying views of your 3D work in 2D. These sheets can then be exported to 2D applications in SVG or DXF formats, to a PDF file or printed.

Tool Description Tool Description
New sheet Creates a new drawing sheet View Inserts a view of the selected object in the active drawing sheet
Annotation Adds an annotation to the current drawing sheet Clip Adds a clip group to the current drawing sheet
Open browser Opens a preview of the current sheet in the browser Ortho views Automatically creates orthographic views of an object on the current drawing sheet
Symbol Adds the contents of a SVG file as a symbol on the current drawing sheet Draft view Inserts a special Draft view of the selected object in the current drawing sheet
Save Saves the current sheet as a SVG file

Other built-in workbenches

Although the above summarizes the most important tools of FreeCAD, many more workbenches are available, among them:

  • The Mesh Workbench allows to work with polygon meshes. Although meshes are not the preferred type of geometry to work with in FreeCAD, because of their lack of precision and support for curves, meshes still have a lot of uses, and are fully supported in FreeCAD. The Mesh Workbench also offers a number of Part-to-Mesh and Mesh-to-Part tools.
  • The Raytracing Workbench offers tools to interface with external renderers such as povray or luxrender. Right from inside FreeCAD, this workbench allows you to produce high-quality renderings from your models.
  • The Spreadsheet Workbench permits the creation and manipulation of spreadsheet data, that can be extracted from FreeCAD models. Spreadsheet cells can also be referenced in many areas of FreeCAD, allowing to use them as master data structures.
  • The FEM Workbench deals with Finite Elements Analysis, and permits the performing of pre- and post-processing FEM calculations and to display the results graphically.

External workbenches

A number of other very useful workbenches produced by FreeCAD community members also exist. Although they are not included in a standard FreeCAD installation,they are easy to install as plug-ins. They are all referenced in the FreeCAD-addons repository. Among the most developed are:

  • The Drawing Dimensioning Workbench offers many new tools to work directly on Drawing Sheets and allow you to add dimensions, annotations and other technical symbols with great control over their aspect.
  • The Fasteners Workbench offers a wide range of ready-to-insert fasteners objects like screws, bolts, rods, washers and nuts. Many options and settings are available.
  • The Assembly2 Workbench offers a series of tools to mount and work with assemblies.

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