Restrição coincidente
Sketcher ConstrainCoincident |
Veja também |
---|
Sketch → Sketcher constraints → Constrain coincident |
Bancadas de trabalho |
Sketcher |
Atalho padrão |
C |
Introduzido na versão |
- |
Veja também |
Constrain Lock, Constrain Point onto Object |
Description
Create a coincident constraint on the selected item
This constraint tool takes two points as its argument and serves to make the two points coincident. (Meaning to make them as-one-point).
In practical terms this constraint tool is useful when there is a break in a profile for example - where two lines end near each other and need to be joined - a coincident constraint on their end-points will close the gap.
Usage
As stated above, this tool takes two arguments - both are points.
- First, it is necessary to highlight two distinct points. (Note: this will not work if, for example, you attempt to select the start and end point of the same straight line; selecting the start and end points of an arc will produce a closed circle or ellipse but will constrain the location of the seam to be on that point).
- Highlighting of a drawing item is achieved by moving the mouse over the item and clicking the left-mouse-button.
- It is also possible to highlight all items inside a rectangle by clicking and dragging. When dragging from left to right (with any vertical motion), only the shapes which are entirely contained within the rectangle will be highlighted; in the other direction all shapes which intersect with the selection rectangle will be highlighted. This can be used to select only the vertices without selecting the edges, by dragging a small recangle around some vertices from left to right, as long as there are no edges which are fully contained within the rectangle.
- A highlighted item will change its color to green. (This color can be customized in Editing → Preference → Display → Colors → Selection)
- Subsequent items can be highlighted by repeating the above procedure(s). Note: it's unnecessary to hold-down any special key like Ctrl to achieve multiple item selection in a drawing.
- Once you have two points highlighted, you can invoke the command using several methods:
- Pressing on the Coinstrain coincident constraint button in the toolbar.
- Using the C keyboard shortcut.
- Using the Sketch → Sketcher constraints → Constrain coincident entry in the top menu.
Result: the command will cause the two points to become coincident and be replaced by a single point.
Note: In order to make two points coincident, FreeCAD must out of necessity move one (or both) of the original points.
Alternatives to Coincident constraint
The two constrained items of a Coincident constraint must be start point or end point vertices, or center points of arcs, circles or ellipses. Some combinations which are not possible with a coincident constraint can be emulated using other constraints:
- The Symmetric constraint can be used to place a start point, end point or center point on the midpoint of a straight line.
- A midpoint-to-midpoint placement of two straight lines can be achieved by creating a new Point and using two Symmetric constraints so that it lies on the midpoint of both lines.
- A vertex can be constrained to lie along an edge using a PointOnObject constraint. Note that with this constraint, the point can lie anywhere on the full extension of a segment or curve (i.e. also before the start point or beyond the end point).
- A collinear placement of two straight lines can be obtained by applying a Tangent constraint to them, or by combining a PointOnObject constraint and a Parallel constraint.
- Two edges can be made identical by using two Coincident constraints, one for each pair of extremities.
- Two circles can be made identical by using a Coincident constraint to merge the centers, and applying an Equal constraint to their edges. For arcs, this will ensure both arcs are part of the same circle, while allowing them to have different start and end points.
Scripting
The constraint can be created from macros and from the Python console by using the following command:
Sketch.addConstraint(Sketcher.Constraint('Coincident',LineFixed,PointOfLineFixed,LineMoving,PointOfLineMoving))
where :
Sketch
is a sketch objectLineFixed
is the number of the line, that will not move by applying the constraintPointOfLineFixed
indicates which vertex ofLineFixed
has to fulfill the constraintLineMoving
is the number of the line, that will move by applying the constraintPointOfLineMoving
indicates which vertex ofLineMoving
has to fulfill the constraint
As the names LineFixed
and LineMoving
indicate, if both constrained vertices are free to move in any direction, the first one (first to be selected in the Gui) will remain fixed and the other one will move. In the presence of existing constraints, however, both edges may move.
The Sketcher scripting page explains the values which can be used for LineFixed
, PointOfLineFixed
, LineMoving
and PointOfLineMoving
, and contains further examples on how to create constraints from Python scripts.
- General: Create sketch, Edit sketch, Attach sketch, Reorient sketch, Validate sketch, Merge sketches, Mirror sketch, Leave sketch, View sketch, View section, Toggle grid, Toggle snap, Configure rendering order, Stop operation
- Sketcher geometries: Point, Polyline, Line, Arc, Arc by 3 points, Arc of ellipse, Arc of hyperbola, Arc of parabola, Circle, Circle by 3 points, Ellipse, Ellipse by 3 points, Rectangle, Centered rectangle, Rounded rectangle, Triangle, Square, Pentagon, Hexagon, Heptagon, Octagon, Regular polygon, Slot, Arc slot, B-spline by control points, Periodic B-spline by control points, B-spline by knots, Periodic B-spline by knots, Toggle construction geometry
- Sketcher constraints:
- Dimensional constraints: Dimension, Horizontal distance, Vertical distance, Distance, Auto radius/diameter, Radius, Diameter, Angle, Lock
- Geometric constraints: Coincident (unified), Coincident, Point on object, Horizontal/vertical, Horizontal, Vertical, Parallel, Perpendicular, Tangent or collinear, Equal, Symmetric, Block
- Other constraints: Refraction (Snell's law)
- Constraint tools: Toggle driving/reference constraint, Activate/deactivate constraint
- Sketcher tools: Fillet, Chamfer, Trim, Split, Extend, External geometry, Carbon copy, Select origin, Select horizontal axis, Select vertical axis, Array transform, Polar transform, Scale transform, Offset geometry, Symmetry, Remove axes alignment, Delete all geometry, Delete all constraints
- Sketcher B-spline tools: Convert geometry to B-spline, Increase B-spline degree, Decrease B-spline degree, Increase knot multiplicity, Decrease knot multiplicity, Insert knot, Join curves
- Sketcher visual: Select unconstrained DoF, Select associated constraints, Select associated geometry, Select redundant constraints, Select conflicting constraints, Show/hide circular helper for arcs, Show/hide B-spline degree, Show/hide B-spline control polygon, Show/hide B-spline curvature comb, Show/hide B-spline knot multiplicity, Show/hide B-spline control point weight, Show/hide internal geometry, Switch virtual space
- Additional: Sketcher Dialog, Preferences, Sketcher scripting
- Getting started
- Installation: Download, Windows, Linux, Mac, Additional components, Docker, AppImage, Ubuntu Snap
- Basics: About FreeCAD, Interface, Mouse navigation, Selection methods, Object name, Preferences, Workbenches, Document structure, Properties, Help FreeCAD, Donate
- Help: Tutorials, Video tutorials
- Workbenches: Std Base, Assembly, BIM, CAM, Draft, FEM, Inspection, Material, Mesh, OpenSCAD, Part, PartDesign, Points, Reverse Engineering, Robot, Sketcher, Spreadsheet, Surface, TechDraw, Test Framework
- Hubs: User hub, Power users hub, Developer hub