PartDesign InvoluteGear/ru: Difference between revisions

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<languages/>
<languages/>


<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
{{Docnav/ru
{{Docnav/ru
|[[PartDesign_Sprocket/ru|Цепное колесо (звёздочка)]]
|[[PartDesign_WizardShaft|Shaft design wizard]]
|[[PartDesign_WizardShaft/ru|Мастер проектирования вала]]
|[[PartDesign_MoveTip|Set tip]]
|[[PartDesign_Workbench|PartDesign]]
|[[PartDesign_Workbench/ru|Верстак PartDesign]]
|IconL=WizardShaft.svg
|IconL=PartDesign_Sprocket.svg
|IconR=PartDesign_MoveTip.svg
|IconR=WizardShaft.svg
|IconC=Workbench_PartDesign.svg
|IconC=Workbench_PartDesign.svg
}}
}}
</div>


<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
{{GuiCommand/ru
{{GuiCommand/ru
|Name/ru=Шестерня с эвольвентным профилем
|Name=PartDesign InvoluteGear
|Name=PartDesign_InvoluteGear
|Name/ru=PartDesign InvoluteGear
|MenuLocation=Part Design → Involute gear...
|MenuLocation=Part Design → Шестерня с эвольвентным профилем...
|Workbenches=[[PartDesign Workbench/ru|PartDesign]]
|Workbenches=[[PartDesign_Workbench/ru|PartDesign]]
|SeeAlso=[[FCGear_Workbench/ru|Верстак FCGear]]
}}
}}
</div>
</div>


<span id="Description"></span>
== Описание ==
== Описание ==


<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
Инструмент позволяет создавать двумерный профиль эвольвентного зубчатого колеса. Этот профиль полностью параметрический, и может быть преобразован в твердое тело с помощью [[PartDesign Pad/ru|выдавливания]] или инструмента [[PartDesign_AdditiveHelix|Аддитивная спираль]].
Инструмент позволяет создать двумерный профиль эвольвентного зубчатого колеса (шестерни). Этот профиль полностью параметрический настраиваемый, и может быть преобразован в твердое тело с помощью [[PartDesign Pad/ru|выдавливания]] или инструмента [[PartDesign_AdditiveHelix|Аддитивная спираль]].
</div>


For more detailed information see Wikipedia's entries for: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear Gear] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Involute_gear Involute Gear]
For more detailed information see Wikipedia's entries for: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear Gear] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Involute_gear Involute Gear]


[[File:PartDesign_Involute_Gear_01.png]]
[[File:PartDesign_Involute_Gear_01.png|200px]]


<span id="Usage"></span>
==Применение==
==Применение==


<span id="Create_the_profile"></span>
=== Create the profile ===
=== Создание профиля ===


# По желанию активируйте подходящее тело (необязательно) .
# Optionally activate the correct body.
# Go to the menu {{MenuCommand|Part Design → [[File:PartDesign InternalExternalGear.svg|16px]] Involute gear...}}.
# Выберите пункт меню {{MenuCommand|Part Design → [[File:PartDesign InternalExternalGear.svg|16px]] Шестерня с эвольвентным профилем...}}.
# Установите параметры эвольвентного зацепления.
# Set the Involute parameters.
# Click {{Button|OK}}.
# Нажмите {{Button|OK}}.
# Если при создании профиля активного Тело не было выбрано, тогда переместите сформированный профиль в какое-нибудь Тело чтобы в дальнейшем выдавить или вырезать полученный профиль.
# If there was no active body: drag and drop the gear into a body for the application of further features like padding.


<span id="Create_a_spur_gear"></span>
=== Create a spur gear ===
=== Формирование зубчатого колеса из профиля ===


# Выберите уже сформированный профиль зубчатого колеса в [[Tree_view/ru|иерархии проекта]].
# Select the gear profile in the [[Tree_view|Tree view]].
# Press the {{Button|[[Image:PartDesign_Pad.svg|16px]] [[PartDesign_Pad|PartDesign Pad]]}} button.
# Примените инструмент {{Button|[[Image:PartDesign_Pad.svg|16px]] [[PartDesign_Pad/ru|Выдавливание]]}}.
# Установите величину выдавливания {{PropertyData|Length}} чтобы получить зубчатое колесо желаемой толщины.
# Set the pad's {{PropertyData|Length}} to the desired face width of the gear.
# Click {{Button|OK}}
# Нажмите {{Button|OK}}

=== Create a helical gear ===


<span id="Create_a_helical_gear"></span>
{{Version|0.19}}
=== Создание косозубого зубчатого колеса ===


# Select the gear profile in the [[Tree_view|Tree view]].
# Select the gear profile in the [[Tree_view|Tree view]].
Line 69: Line 73:
## Set {{incode|Gear}} as Group.
## Set {{incode|Gear}} as Group.
## Set {{incode|HelicalAngle}} as Name (without a space).
## Set {{incode|HelicalAngle}} as Name (without a space).
## Click {{Button|OK}}
## Click {{Button|OK}}.
# Now a new property {{PropertyData|Helical Angle}} (space added automatically), with an initial value of {{incode|0.0°}}, becomes available.
# Now a new property {{PropertyData|Helical Angle}} (space added automatically), with an initial value of {{incode|0.0°}}, becomes available.
# Assign the desired helical angle to the new property.
# Assign the desired helical angle to the new property.
# In the formula of the {{PropertyData|Turns}} property of the AdditiveHelix, you can now reference {{incode|InvoluteGear.HelicalAngle}} instead of the hard coded value of e.g. {{incode|25°}}; again assuming {{incode|InvoluteGear}} is the {{PropertyData|Name}} of the profile.
# In the formula of the {{PropertyData|Turns}} property of the AdditiveHelix, you can now reference {{incode|InvoluteGear.HelicalAngle}} instead of the hard coded value of e.g. {{incode|25°}}; again assuming {{incode|InvoluteGear}} is the {{PropertyData|Name}} of the profile.


=== Cut a hub for an involute splined shaft ===

{{Version|0.21}}

# Activate the correct body.
# Create an internal involute gear profile with the required number of grooves and adapt the values of pressure angle, addendum-, dedendum- and root fillet coefficient. See also the table in [[#Notes|Notes]] below for feasible values. For example:
#* {{PropertyData|External Gear}}: False
#* {{PropertyData|Number Of Teeth}}: 12
#* {{PropertyData|Pressure Angle}}: 37.5°
#* {{PropertyData|Addendum Coefficient}}: 0.45
#* {{PropertyData|Dedendum Coefficient}}: 0.7
#* {{PropertyData|Root Fillet Coefficient}}: 0.3
# Select the gear profile in the [[Tree_view|Tree view]].
# Press the {{Button|[[Image:PartDesign_Pocket.svg|16px]] '''Pocket'''}} button.
# Set the pocket's {{PropertyData|Type}} to '''Through All'''.
# Check the pocket's {{PropertyData|Symmetric To Plane}} option.
# Click {{Button|OK}}.

<span id="Properties"></span>
== Свойства ==
== Свойства ==


* {{PropertyData|Addendum Coefficient}}: The height of the tooth from the pitch circle up to its tip, normalized by the module. Default is 1.0 for the standard full-depth system. {{Version|0.21}}
* {{PropertyData|External Gear}}: True or false


* {{PropertyData|Dedendum Coefficient}}: The height of the tooth from the pitch circle down to its root, normalized by the module. Default is 1.25 for the standard full-depth system. {{Version|0.21}}
* {{PropertyData|High Precision}}: True or false


* {{PropertyData|Modules}}: Pitch diameter divided by the number of teeth.
* {{PropertyData|External Gear}}: Внешнее зацепление - Да или Нет


* {{PropertyData|Number Of Teeth}}: Sets the number of teeth.
* {{PropertyData|High Precision}}: Высокая точность - Да или Нет


* {{PropertyData|Modules}}: Модуль - Диаметр делительной окружности, деленный на количество зубцов.
* {{PropertyData|Pressure Angle}}: Acute angle between the line of action and a normal to the line connecting the gear centers. Default is 20 degrees. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Involute_gear More info])


* {{PropertyData|Number Of Teeth}}: Задает количество зубьев.


* {{PropertyData|Pressure Angle}}: Acute angle between the line of action and a normal to the line connecting the gear centers. Default is 20 °. See [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Involute_gear Involute gear].

* {{PropertyData|Profile Shift Coefficient}}: The distance by which the reference profile is shifted outwards, normalized by the module. Default is zero. Profile shift may be positive or negative. {{Version|0.21}}

* {{PropertyData|Root Fillet Coefficient}}: The radius of the fillet at the root of the tooth, normalized by the module. Default is 0.38 as defined by the ISO rack. {{Version|0.21}}

== Notes ==

* In order for two gears to mesh they need to share the same module and pressure angle. [[Expressions|Expressions]] may help to ensure consistency. Their center distance needs to be {{incode|(NumberOfTeeth + OtherGear.NumberOfTeeth) * Modules / 2}} (that is in case of the sum profile shift being zero). Subtract the number of teeth in case of an internal gear.

* Profile shifting can be used to prevent undercut on gears with a small number of teeth. Another application is to adjust the center distance of two gears with a given number of teeth and module.

* When visually checking for proper meshing or interferences a much lower value for {{PropertyView|Deviation}} is helpful, e.g. 0.05 instead of the default 0.5. Otherwise the representation in the [[3D_view|3D view]] may be too coarse.

* For standard gears the most common pressure angle is 20 °, followed by 14,5 °. Other applications, notably [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spline_(mechanical) splines], use higher angles.

* The standard full-depth system uses an addendum coefficient of 1.0 and a dedendum coefficient of 1.25, resulting in a clearance of 0.25 (the difference between the addendum of the one gear and the dedendum of the other). The actual tooth length is the sum of both coefficients, multiplied by the module.

* Tooth length reduction may be required to prevent undercut or to strengthen the teeth (see [https://khkgears.net/new/gear_knowledge/gear-nomenclature/stub-teeth.html stub teeth]). For internal gears the addendum (here pointing inwards) may need shortening to avoid certain interferences or non-involute flanks; when indicated in combination with longer teeth of the pinion.

* For splined shafts and hubs ISO 4156 defines the following parameters:
: {| class="wikitable"
|-
! Pressure Angle !! 30 ° (flat root) !! 30 ° (fillet root) !! 37,5 ° !! 45 °
|-
| Addendum Coefficient || 0.5 || 0.5 || 0.45 || 0.4
|-
| Dedendum Coefficient || 0.75 || 0.9 || 0.7 || 0.6
|-
| Root Fillet Coefficient || 0.2 || 0.4 || 0.3 || 0.25
|}

<span id="Limitations"></span>
==Ограничения==
==Ограничения==


Line 92: Line 149:
* There is currently no [https://www.tec-science.com/mechanical-power-transmission/involute-gear/undercut/ undercut] in the generated gear profile. That means gears with a low number of teeth can interfere with the teeth of the mating gear. The lower limit depends on the {{PropertyData|Pressure Angle}} and is around 17 teeth for 20° and 32 for 14.5°. Most practical applications tolerate a missing undercut for gears a little smaller than this theoretical limit though.
* There is currently no [https://www.tec-science.com/mechanical-power-transmission/involute-gear/undercut/ undercut] in the generated gear profile. That means gears with a low number of teeth can interfere with the teeth of the mating gear. The lower limit depends on the {{PropertyData|Pressure Angle}} and is around 17 teeth for 20° and 32 for 14.5°. Most practical applications tolerate a missing undercut for gears a little smaller than this theoretical limit though.


==Tutorials==
<span id="Tutorials"></span>
==Материалы для изучения==


<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8VNhTrnFMfE How to make gears in FreeCAD]
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8VNhTrnFMfE Как создавать шестерни в FreeCAD]
</div>


==Related==
<span id="Related"></span>
==Сопутствующая информация==


* [[FCGear_Workbench|FCGear Workbench]]
* [[FCGear_Workbench/ru|Верстак FCGear]]




<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
{{Docnav/ru
{{Docnav/ru
|[[PartDesign_Sprocket/ru|Цепное колесо (звёздочка)]]
|[[PartDesign_WizardShaft|Shaft design wizard]]
|[[PartDesign_WizardShaft/ru|Мастер проектирования вала]]
|[[PartDesign_MoveTip|Set tip]]
|[[PartDesign_Workbench|PartDesign]]
|[[PartDesign_Workbench/ru|Верстак PartDesign]]
|IconL=WizardShaft.svg
|IconL=PartDesign_Sprocket.svg
|IconR=PartDesign_MoveTip.svg
|IconR=WizardShaft.svg
|IconC=Workbench_PartDesign.svg
|IconC=Workbench_PartDesign.svg
}}
}}
</div>


{{PartDesign Tools navi{{#translation:}}}}
{{PartDesign Tools navi{{#translation:}}}}

Latest revision as of 15:28, 2 June 2023

Шестерня с эвольвентным профилем

Системное название
PartDesign_InvoluteGear
Расположение в меню
Part Design → Шестерня с эвольвентным профилем...
Верстаки
PartDesign
Быстрые клавиши
Нет
Представлено в версии
-
См. также
Верстак FCGear

Описание

Инструмент позволяет создать двумерный профиль эвольвентного зубчатого колеса (шестерни). Этот профиль полностью параметрический настраиваемый, и может быть преобразован в твердое тело с помощью выдавливания или инструмента Аддитивная спираль.

For more detailed information see Wikipedia's entries for: Gear and Involute Gear

Применение

Создание профиля

  1. По желанию активируйте подходящее тело (необязательно) .
  2. Выберите пункт меню Part Design → Шестерня с эвольвентным профилем....
  3. Установите параметры эвольвентного зацепления.
  4. Нажмите OK.
  5. Если при создании профиля активного Тело не было выбрано, тогда переместите сформированный профиль в какое-нибудь Тело чтобы в дальнейшем выдавить или вырезать полученный профиль.

Формирование зубчатого колеса из профиля

  1. Выберите уже сформированный профиль зубчатого колеса в иерархии проекта.
  2. Примените инструмент Выдавливание.
  3. Установите величину выдавливания ДанныеLength чтобы получить зубчатое колесо желаемой толщины.
  4. Нажмите OK

Создание косозубого зубчатого колеса

  1. Select the gear profile in the Tree view.
  2. Press the PartDesign AdditiveHelix button.
  3. Choose as Axis the normal of the gear profile, that is Normal sketch axis introduced in version 0.20. (In earlier versions the Base Z axis can be used as long as the profile's plane has not been altered.)
  4. Choose a Height-Turns mode.
  5. Set the ДанныеHeight to the desired face width of the gear.
  6. To set the desired helical angle an Expression for the ДанныеTurns is required.
    1. Click the blue icon at the right of the input field.
    2. Enter the following formula: Height * tan(25°) / (InvoluteGear.NumberOfTeeth * InvoluteGear.Modules * pi), where 25° is an example for the desired helical angle (also known as beta-value) and InvoluteGear is the ДанныеName of the profile.
    3. Click OK to close the formula editor.
  7. Click OK to close the task panel.

Hint: To make the helical angle an accessible parameter, use a dynamic property:

  1. Select the profile.
  2. In the Property editor activate the Show all option in the context menu.
  3. Again in the context menu, select Add Property. Note: this entry is only available when Show all is active.
  4. In the Add Property dialog:
    1. Choose App::PropertyAngle as Type.
    2. Set Gear as Group.
    3. Set HelicalAngle as Name (without a space).
    4. Click OK.
  5. Now a new property ДанныеHelical Angle (space added automatically), with an initial value of 0.0°, becomes available.
  6. Assign the desired helical angle to the new property.
  7. In the formula of the ДанныеTurns property of the AdditiveHelix, you can now reference InvoluteGear.HelicalAngle instead of the hard coded value of e.g. 25°; again assuming InvoluteGear is the ДанныеName of the profile.

Cut a hub for an involute splined shaft

introduced in version 0.21

  1. Activate the correct body.
  2. Create an internal involute gear profile with the required number of grooves and adapt the values of pressure angle, addendum-, dedendum- and root fillet coefficient. See also the table in Notes below for feasible values. For example:
    • ДанныеExternal Gear: False
    • ДанныеNumber Of Teeth: 12
    • ДанныеPressure Angle: 37.5°
    • ДанныеAddendum Coefficient: 0.45
    • ДанныеDedendum Coefficient: 0.7
    • ДанныеRoot Fillet Coefficient: 0.3
  3. Select the gear profile in the Tree view.
  4. Press the Pocket button.
  5. Set the pocket's ДанныеType to Through All.
  6. Check the pocket's ДанныеSymmetric To Plane option.
  7. Click OK.

Свойства

  • ДанныеAddendum Coefficient: The height of the tooth from the pitch circle up to its tip, normalized by the module. Default is 1.0 for the standard full-depth system. introduced in version 0.21
  • ДанныеDedendum Coefficient: The height of the tooth from the pitch circle down to its root, normalized by the module. Default is 1.25 for the standard full-depth system. introduced in version 0.21
  • ДанныеExternal Gear: Внешнее зацепление - Да или Нет
  • ДанныеHigh Precision: Высокая точность - Да или Нет
  • ДанныеModules: Модуль - Диаметр делительной окружности, деленный на количество зубцов.
  • ДанныеNumber Of Teeth: Задает количество зубьев.
  • ДанныеPressure Angle: Acute angle between the line of action and a normal to the line connecting the gear centers. Default is 20 °. See Involute gear.
  • ДанныеProfile Shift Coefficient: The distance by which the reference profile is shifted outwards, normalized by the module. Default is zero. Profile shift may be positive or negative. introduced in version 0.21
  • ДанныеRoot Fillet Coefficient: The radius of the fillet at the root of the tooth, normalized by the module. Default is 0.38 as defined by the ISO rack. introduced in version 0.21

Notes

  • In order for two gears to mesh they need to share the same module and pressure angle. Expressions may help to ensure consistency. Their center distance needs to be (NumberOfTeeth + OtherGear.NumberOfTeeth) * Modules / 2 (that is in case of the sum profile shift being zero). Subtract the number of teeth in case of an internal gear.
  • Profile shifting can be used to prevent undercut on gears with a small number of teeth. Another application is to adjust the center distance of two gears with a given number of teeth and module.
  • When visually checking for proper meshing or interferences a much lower value for ВидDeviation is helpful, e.g. 0.05 instead of the default 0.5. Otherwise the representation in the 3D view may be too coarse.
  • For standard gears the most common pressure angle is 20 °, followed by 14,5 °. Other applications, notably splines, use higher angles.
  • The standard full-depth system uses an addendum coefficient of 1.0 and a dedendum coefficient of 1.25, resulting in a clearance of 0.25 (the difference between the addendum of the one gear and the dedendum of the other). The actual tooth length is the sum of both coefficients, multiplied by the module.
  • Tooth length reduction may be required to prevent undercut or to strengthen the teeth (see stub teeth). For internal gears the addendum (here pointing inwards) may need shortening to avoid certain interferences or non-involute flanks; when indicated in combination with longer teeth of the pinion.
  • For splined shafts and hubs ISO 4156 defines the following parameters:
Pressure Angle 30 ° (flat root) 30 ° (fillet root) 37,5 ° 45 °
Addendum Coefficient 0.5 0.5 0.45 0.4
Dedendum Coefficient 0.75 0.9 0.7 0.6
Root Fillet Coefficient 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.25

Ограничения

  • It is currently not possible to adjust the tooth thickness. Tooth and tooth space are distributed equally on the pitch circle. Thus the only way to control backlash is to adjust the center distance in a gear paring.
  • There is currently no undercut in the generated gear profile. That means gears with a low number of teeth can interfere with the teeth of the mating gear. The lower limit depends on the ДанныеPressure Angle and is around 17 teeth for 20° and 32 for 14.5°. Most practical applications tolerate a missing undercut for gears a little smaller than this theoretical limit though.

Материалы для изучения

Сопутствующая информация