PartDesign Pad/ru: Difference between revisions

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{{Docnav/ru
{{Docnav/ru
|[[PartDesign_Clone/ru|Создать клон]]
|[[PartDesign_Clone/ru|Создать клон]]
|[[PartDesign_Revolution/ru|Фигура вращения]]
|[[PartDesign_Revolution/ru|Вращение]]
|[[PartDesign_Workbench/ru|Верстак "PartDesign"]]
|[[PartDesign_Workbench/ru|Верстак "PartDesign"]]
|IconL=PartDesign_Clone.svg
|IconL=PartDesign_Clone.svg
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<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
{{GuiCommand/ru
{{GuiCommand/ru
|Name/ru=Выдавливание
|Name/ru=Выдавливание
|Name=PartDesign_Pad
|Name=PartDesign_Pad
|MenuLocation=Part Design → Create an additive feature → Выдавливание
|MenuLocation=Part Design → Аддитивные преобразования → Выдавливание
|Workbenches=[[PartDesign_Workbench/ru|PartDesign]]
|Workbenches=[[PartDesign_Workbench/ru|PartDesign]]
|SeeAlso=[[PartDesign_Pocket/ru|Вырез]]
|SeeAlso=[[PartDesign_Pocket/ru|Вырез]]
}}
}}
</div>


<span id="Description"></span>
==Описание==
==Описание==


Инструмент '''Выдавливание''' вытягивает эскиз или грань твёрдого тела по прямой траектории.
The '''Pad''' tool extrudes a sketch or a face of a solid along a straight path.


[[File:PartDesign Pad example.svg|none]]
[[File:PartDesign Pad example.svg|none]]


''Эскиз (А) показан слева; конечный результат после операции выдавливания (B) справа.''
''Sketch (A) shown on the left; end result after pad operation (B) on the right.''


<span id="Usage"></span>
==Применение==
==Применение==


<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
# Select one sketch or face to be padded. {{Version|0.20}}: Alternatively you can select several sketches or faces.
# Выберите один эскиз или грань для выдавливания. {{Version/ru|0.20}}: Можно также выбрать несколько эскизов или граней.
# Press the {{Button|[[Image:PartDesign_Pad.svg|16px]] [[PartDesign_Pad|Pad]]}} button.
# Нажмите кнопку {{Button|[[Image:PartDesign_Pad.svg|16px]] [[PartDesign_Pad/ru|Выдавливание]]}}.
# Set the Pad parameters, see the [[#Options|Options]] below.
# Установите параметры Выдавливания, смотрите [[#Options|Опции]] ниже.
# Click {{Button|OK}}.
# Нажмите {{Button|OK}}.

</div>
When selecting a single sketch, it can have multiple enclosed profiles inside a larger one, for example a rectangle with two circles inside it. But the profiles may not intersect each other. {{Version|0.20}}


<span id="Options"></span>
==Опции==
==Опции==


<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
When creating a pad, the '''Pad parameters''' dialog will be shown. It offers the following settings:
Когда производится выдавливание, появляется диалоговое окно '''Параметры выдавливания'''. Оно предлагает следующие настройки:
</div>


<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
[[Image:pad_parameters_cropped.png|frame|left]]
[[Image:pad_parameters_cropped.png|frame|left]]
</div>


===Type===
<span id="Type"></span>
=== Тип ===


<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
Type offers five different ways of specifying the length to which the pad will be extruded:
Тип предлагает пять различных способов задания протяжённости выдавливания:
</div>


====Dimension====
<span id="Dimension"></span>
====Размер====


Enter a numeric value for the length of the pad. The default direction for extrusion is away (outside of) the support, but it can be changed by ticking the '''Reversed''' option. Extrusions occur by default [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_normal normal] to the defining sketch plane. This can be changed by specifying another '''Direction'''. With the option '''Symmetric to plane''' the pad will extend half of the given length to either side of the plane. Negative dimensions are not possible. Use the '''Reversed''' option instead.
Enter a numeric value for the '''Length''' of the pad. With the option '''Symmetric to plane''' the pad will extend half the given length to either side of the sketch or face.


<span id="To_last"></span>
====To last====
====К последнему====


The pad will extrude up to the last face of the support in the extrusion direction. If there is no support, an error message will appear.
The pad will extend up to the last face of the support it encounters in its direction. If there is no support, an error message will appear.


<span id="To_first"></span>
====To first====
====К первому====


<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
The pad will extrude up to the first face of the support in the extrusion direction. If there is no support, an error message will appear.
Контур будет выдавлен до первой встречной грани детали в направлении выдавливания. Если такая грань не будет обнаружена, появится сообщение об ошибке.
</div>


<span id="Up_to_face"></span>
====Up to face====
====До грани====


The pad will extrude up to a face in the model that can be chosen by clicking on it.
The pad will extend up to a face. Press the {{Button|Select face}} button and select a face or a [[PartDesign_Plane|datum plane]] from the Body.


<span id="Two_dimensions"></span>
====Two dimensions====
====Два размера====


This allows to enter a second length in which the pad should extend in the opposite direction (into the support). The directions can be switched by ticking the '''Reversed''' option.
This allows to enter a second length in which the pad should extend in the opposite direction. The directions can be switched by checking the '''Reversed''' option.


<span id="Offset_to_face"></span>
===Length===
=== Смещение к грани ===


Defines the length of the pad. Multiple units can be used independently of the user's units preferences (m, cm, mm, nm, ft or ', in or "). This option is only available when '''Type''' is either '''Dimension''' or '''Two dimensions'''.
Offset from face at which the pad will end. This option is only available if '''Type''' is '''To last''', '''To first''' or '''Up to face'''.


<span id="Length"></span>
=== Offset to face ===
===Длина===


Offset from face at which the pad will end. This option is only available when '''Type''' is either '''To last''', '''To first''' or '''Up to face'''.
Defines the length of the pad. This option is only available if '''Type''' is '''Dimension''' or '''Two dimensions'''. The length is measured along the direction vector, or along the normal of the sketch or face. Negative values are not possible. Use the '''Reversed''' option instead.


<span id="2nd_length"></span>
===Direction===
=== 2-я длина ===


Defines the length of the pad in the opposite direction. This option is only available if '''Type''' is '''Two dimensions'''.
==== Direction/edge ====


<span id="Symmetric_to_plane"></span>
You can select the direction of the extrusion:
=== Симметрично плоскости ===


Check this option to extrude half the given length to either side of the sketch or face. This option is only available if '''Type''' is '''Dimension'''.
* '''Face/Sketch normal''' The sketch or face is extruded along its normal. If you have selected several sketches or faces to be extruded, the normal of the first one will be used. {{Version|0.20}}
* '''Select reference...''' The sketch is extruded along an edge of the 3D model. When this is method selected, you can click on any edge in the 3D model and it becomes the direction vector for the extrusion. {{Version|0.20}}
* '''Custom direction''' The sketch is extruded along a direction that can be specified via vector values. {{Version|0.19}}


<span id="Reversed"></span>
==== Show direction ====
=== В обратную сторону ===


Меняет направление выдавливания на противоположное.
If checked, the pad direction will be shown. In case the pad uses a '''Custom direction''', it can be changed. {{Version|0.20}}


<span id="Direction"></span>
==== Length along sketch normal ====
===Направление===


<span id="Direction/edge"></span>
If checked, the pad length is measured along the sketch normal, otherwise along the custom direction. {{Version|0.20}}
==== Направление/ребро ====


Вы можете выбрать направление экструзии:
=== Symmetric to plane ===


* '''Sketch normal''' or '''Face normal:''' The sketch or face is extruded in the direction of its normal. If you have selected several sketches or faces to be extruded, the normal of the first one will be used.
Tick the checkbox to extrude half of the given length to either side of the sketch or plane.
* '''Select reference...:''' The sketch or face is extruded in the direction of a straight edge or a [[PartDesign_Line|datum line]] selected from the Body.
* '''Custom direction:''' The sketch or face is extruded in the direction of the specified vector.


<span id="Show_direction"></span>
=== Reversed ===
==== Показать направление ====


Reverses the direction of the pad.
If checked, the pad direction will be shown. In case the pad uses a '''Custom direction''', it can be changed.


<span id="Length_along_sketch_normal"></span>
=== Taper angle ===
==== Длина вдоль нормали эскиза ====


If checked, the pad length is measured along the sketch or face normal, otherwise along the custom direction.
{{Version|0.20}}


<span id="Taper_angle"></span>
Tapers the pad in the extrusion direction by the given angle. A positive angle means the outer pad border gets wider. This option is only available if '''Type''' is either '''Dimension''' or '''Two dimensions'''. Note that inner structures receive the opposite taper angle. This is done to facilitate the design of molds and molded parts.
=== Угол сужения ===


Tapers the pad in the extrusion direction by the given angle. A positive angle means the outer pad border gets wider. Note that inner structures receive the opposite taper angle. This is done to facilitate the design of molds and molded parts. This option is only available if '''Type''' is '''Dimension''' or '''Two dimensions'''.
Limitations:
* Sketches containing [[B-Splines|B-Splines]] often cannot be properly tapered. This is a limitation of the [[OpenCASCADE|OpenCASCADE]] kernel that FreeCAD uses.
* For larger angles tapering will fail if the end face of the pad would have fewer edges than the start face/sketch.


<span id="2nd_taper_angle"></span>
=== 2nd length ===
=== 2-й угол сужения ===


Defines the length of the pad in the opposite extrusion direction. Multiple units can be used independently of the user's units preferences (m, cm, mm, nm, ft or ', in or "). This option is only available if '''Type''' is '''Two dimensions'''.
Tapers the pad in the opposite extrusion direction by the given angle. See '''Taper angle'''. This option is only available if '''Type''' is '''Two dimensions'''.


<span id="Properties"></span>
=== 2nd taper angle ===
==Свойства==


===Data===
{{Version|0.20}}


{{TitleProperty|Pad}}
Tapers the pad in the opposite extrusion direction by the given angle. A positive angle means the outer pad border gets wider. This option is only available if '''Type''' is '''Two dimensions'''. Note that inner structures receive the opposite taper angle. This is done to facilitate the design of molds and molded parts.


* {{PropertyData|Type|Enumeration}}: Defines how the pad will be extruded, see [[#Options|Options]].
==Свойства==
* {{PropertyData|Length|Length}}: Defines the length of the pad, see [[#Options|Options]].
* {{PropertyData|Length2|Length}}: Second pad length in case the {{PropertyData|Type}} is '''TwoLengths''', see [[#Options|Options]].
* {{PropertyData|Use Custom Vector|Bool}}: If checked, the pad direction will not be the normal vector of the sketch but the given vector, see [[#Options|Options]].
* {{PropertyData|Direction|Vector}}: Vector of the pad direction if {{PropertyData|Use Custom Vector}} is used.
* {{PropertyData|Reference Axis|LinkSub}}
* {{PropertyData|Along Sketch Normal|Bool}}: If ''true'', the pad length is measured along the sketch normal. Otherwise and if {{PropertyData|Use Custom Vector}} is used, it is measured along the custom direction.
* {{PropertyData|Up To Face|LinkSub}}: A face the pad will extrude up to, see [[#Options|Options]].
* {{PropertyData|Offset|Length}}: Offset from face in which the pad will end. This is only taken into account if the {{PropertyData|Type}} option '''UpToLast''', '''UpToFirst''' or '''UpToFace''' is used.
* {{PropertyData|Taper Angle|Angle}}
* {{PropertyData|Taper Angle2|Angle}}


{{TitleProperty|Part Design}}
* {{PropertyData|Type}}: Type of ways how the pad will be extruded, see [[#Options|Options]].
* {{PropertyData|Length}}: Defines the length of the pad, see [[#Options|Options]].
* {{PropertyData|Length2}}: Second pad length in case the {{PropertyData|Type}} is '''TwoLengths''', see [[#Options|Options]].
* {{PropertyData|Use Custom Vector}}: {{Version|0.19}} If checked, the pad direction will not be the normal vector of the sketch but the given vector, see [[#Options|Options]].
* {{PropertyData|Direction}}: {{Version|0.19}} Vector of the pad direction if {{PropertyData|Use Custom Vector}} is used.
* {{PropertyData|Along Sketch Normal}}: {{Version|0.20}} If ''true'', the pad length is measured along the sketch normal. Otherwise and if {{PropertyData|Use Custom Vector}} is used, it is measured along the custom direction.
* {{PropertyData|Up To Face}}: A face the pad will extrude up to, see [[#Options|Options]].
* {{PropertyData|Offset}}: Offset from face in which the pad will end. This is only taken into account if the {{PropertyData|Type}} option '''UpToLast''', '''UpToFirst''' or '''UpToFace''' is used.
* {{PropertyData|Refine}}: True or false. Cleans up residual edges left after the operation. This property is initially set according to the user's settings (found in {{MenuCommand|Preferences → Part design → General → Model settings}}). It can be manually changed afterwards. This property will be saved with the FreeCAD document.


* {{PropertyData|Refine|Bool}}: True or false. Cleans up residual edges left after the operation. This property is initially set according to the user's settings (found in {{MenuCommand|Preferences → Part Design → General → Model settings}}).

{{TitleProperty|Sketch Based}}

* {{PropertyData|Profile|LinkSub}}
* {{PropertyData|Midplane|Bool}}
* {{PropertyData|Reversed|Bool}}
* {{PropertyData|Allow Multi Face|Bool}}

<span id="Limitations"></span>
==Ограничения==
==Ограничения==


<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
* Like all Part Design features, Pad creates a solid, thus the sketch must include a closed profile or it will fail with a ''Failed to validate broken face'' error.
* Как и все элементы Part Design, Выдавливание создает твёрдое тело, поэтому эскиз должен содержать замкнутый профиль, иначе произойдет сбой с ошибкой ''Failed to validate broken face''.
* The algorithm used for '''To First''' and '''To Last''' is:
* Алгоритм, используемый для выдавливания '''К первому''' и '''К последнему''':
** Create a line through the center of gravity of the sketch
** Создаёт линию через центр эскиза
** Find all faces of the support cut by this line
** Находит все грани твёрдого тела, разрезанные этой линией.
** Choose the face where the intersection point is nearest/furthest from the sketch
** Выбирает грань, в которой точка пересечения находится ближе/дальше всего от эскиза
: This means that the face that is found might not always be what you expected. If you run into this problem, use the '''Up to face''' type instead, and pick the face you want.
: Это означает, что найденная грань может быть не всегда такой, которую вы ожидали. Если вы столкнулись с этой проблемой, используйте вместо этого тип '''До грани''' и выберите нужную грань.
: For the very special case of extrusion to a concave surface, where the sketch is larger than this surface, extrusion will fail. This is a unresolved bug.
: Для особого случая выдавливания на вогнутую поверхность, где эскиз больше этой поверхности, выдавливание не выполняется. Это неразрешенная ошибка.
</div>





{{Docnav/ru
{{Docnav/ru
|[[PartDesign_Clone/ru|Создать клон]]
|[[PartDesign_Clone/ru|Создать клон]]
|[[PartDesign_Revolution/ru|Фигура вращения]]
|[[PartDesign_Revolution/ru|Вращение]]
|[[PartDesign_Workbench/ru|Верстак "PartDesign"]]
|[[PartDesign_Workbench/ru|Верстак "PartDesign"]]
|IconL=PartDesign_Clone.svg
|IconL=PartDesign_Clone.svg

Latest revision as of 10:27, 6 April 2024

Выдавливание

Системное название
PartDesign_Pad
Расположение в меню
Part Design → Аддитивные преобразования → Выдавливание
Верстаки
PartDesign
Быстрые клавиши
Нет
Представлено в версии
-
См. также
Вырез

Описание

Инструмент Выдавливание вытягивает эскиз или грань твёрдого тела по прямой траектории.

Эскиз (А) показан слева; конечный результат после операции выдавливания (B) справа.

Применение

  1. Выберите один эскиз или грань для выдавливания. представлено в версии 0.20: Можно также выбрать несколько эскизов или граней.
  2. Нажмите кнопку Выдавливание.
  3. Установите параметры Выдавливания, смотрите Опции ниже.
  4. Нажмите OK.

Опции

Когда производится выдавливание, появляется диалоговое окно Параметры выдавливания. Оно предлагает следующие настройки:

Тип

Тип предлагает пять различных способов задания протяжённости выдавливания:

Размер

Enter a numeric value for the Length of the pad. With the option Symmetric to plane the pad will extend half the given length to either side of the sketch or face.

К последнему

The pad will extend up to the last face of the support it encounters in its direction. If there is no support, an error message will appear.

К первому

Контур будет выдавлен до первой встречной грани детали в направлении выдавливания. Если такая грань не будет обнаружена, появится сообщение об ошибке.

До грани

The pad will extend up to a face. Press the Select face button and select a face or a datum plane from the Body.

Два размера

This allows to enter a second length in which the pad should extend in the opposite direction. The directions can be switched by checking the Reversed option.

Смещение к грани

Offset from face at which the pad will end. This option is only available if Type is To last, To first or Up to face.

Длина

Defines the length of the pad. This option is only available if Type is Dimension or Two dimensions. The length is measured along the direction vector, or along the normal of the sketch or face. Negative values are not possible. Use the Reversed option instead.

2-я длина

Defines the length of the pad in the opposite direction. This option is only available if Type is Two dimensions.

Симметрично плоскости

Check this option to extrude half the given length to either side of the sketch or face. This option is only available if Type is Dimension.

В обратную сторону

Меняет направление выдавливания на противоположное.

Направление

Направление/ребро

Вы можете выбрать направление экструзии:

  • Sketch normal or Face normal: The sketch or face is extruded in the direction of its normal. If you have selected several sketches or faces to be extruded, the normal of the first one will be used.
  • Select reference...: The sketch or face is extruded in the direction of a straight edge or a datum line selected from the Body.
  • Custom direction: The sketch or face is extruded in the direction of the specified vector.

Показать направление

If checked, the pad direction will be shown. In case the pad uses a Custom direction, it can be changed.

Длина вдоль нормали эскиза

If checked, the pad length is measured along the sketch or face normal, otherwise along the custom direction.

Угол сужения

Tapers the pad in the extrusion direction by the given angle. A positive angle means the outer pad border gets wider. Note that inner structures receive the opposite taper angle. This is done to facilitate the design of molds and molded parts. This option is only available if Type is Dimension or Two dimensions.

2-й угол сужения

Tapers the pad in the opposite extrusion direction by the given angle. See Taper angle. This option is only available if Type is Two dimensions.

Свойства

Data

Pad

  • ДанныеType (Enumeration): Defines how the pad will be extruded, see Options.
  • ДанныеLength (Length): Defines the length of the pad, see Options.
  • ДанныеLength2 (Length): Second pad length in case the ДанныеType is TwoLengths, see Options.
  • ДанныеUse Custom Vector (Bool): If checked, the pad direction will not be the normal vector of the sketch but the given vector, see Options.
  • ДанныеDirection (Vector): Vector of the pad direction if ДанныеUse Custom Vector is used.
  • ДанныеReference Axis (LinkSub)
  • ДанныеAlong Sketch Normal (Bool): If true, the pad length is measured along the sketch normal. Otherwise and if ДанныеUse Custom Vector is used, it is measured along the custom direction.
  • ДанныеUp To Face (LinkSub): A face the pad will extrude up to, see Options.
  • ДанныеOffset (Length): Offset from face in which the pad will end. This is only taken into account if the ДанныеType option UpToLast, UpToFirst or UpToFace is used.
  • ДанныеTaper Angle (Angle)
  • ДанныеTaper Angle2 (Angle)

Part Design

  • ДанныеRefine (Bool): True or false. Cleans up residual edges left after the operation. This property is initially set according to the user's settings (found in Preferences → Part Design → General → Model settings).

Sketch Based

  • ДанныеProfile (LinkSub)
  • ДанныеMidplane (Bool)
  • ДанныеReversed (Bool)
  • ДанныеAllow Multi Face (Bool)

Ограничения

  • Как и все элементы Part Design, Выдавливание создает твёрдое тело, поэтому эскиз должен содержать замкнутый профиль, иначе произойдет сбой с ошибкой Failed to validate broken face.
  • Алгоритм, используемый для выдавливания К первому и К последнему:
    • Создаёт линию через центр эскиза
    • Находит все грани твёрдого тела, разрезанные этой линией.
    • Выбирает грань, в которой точка пересечения находится ближе/дальше всего от эскиза
Это означает, что найденная грань может быть не всегда такой, которую вы ожидали. Если вы столкнулись с этой проблемой, используйте вместо этого тип До грани и выберите нужную грань.
Для особого случая выдавливания на вогнутую поверхность, где эскиз больше этой поверхности, выдавливание не выполняется. Это неразрешенная ошибка.