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Workbench concept: In the FreeCAD interface, tools are grouped by workbenches. This allows to display only the tools used to accomplish a certain task, keeping the workspace uncluttered and responsive, and the application fast to load.
Plugin/Module framework for late loading of features/data-types. FreeCAD is divided into a core application and modules, that are loaded only when needed. Almost all the tools and geometry types are stored in modules. Modules behave like plugins, and can be added or removed to an existing installation of FreeCAD.
Parametric associative document objects: All objects in a FreeCAD document can be defined by parameters. Those parameters can be modified on the fly, and recomputed anytime. The relationship between objects is also stored, so modifying one object also modifies its dependent objects.
Graphical modification operations like translation, rotation, scaling, mirroring, offset (trivial or after Jung/Shin/Choi) or shape conversion, in any plane of the 3D space
Graphical creation of simple planar geometry like lines, wires, rectangles, arcs or circles in any plane of the 3D space
Modeling with straight or revolution extrusions, sections and fillets.
Topological components like vertices, edges, wires and planes (via Python scripting).
Testing and repairing tools for meshes: solid test, non-two-manifolds test, self-intersection test, hole filling and uniform orientation.
Annotations like texts or dimensions
Undo/Redo framework: Everything is undo/redoable, with access to the undo stack, so multiple steps can be undone at a time.
Transaction management: The undo/redo stack stores document transactions and not single actions, allowing each tool to define exactly what must be undone or redone.
Built-in scripting framework: FreeCAD features a built-in Python interpreter, and an API that covers almost any part of the application, the interface, the geometry and the representation of this geometry in the 3D viewer. The interpreter can run single commands up to complex scripts, in fact entire modules can even be programmed completely in Python.
Built-in Python console with syntax highlighting, autocomplete and class browser: Python commands can be issued directly in FreeCAD and immediately return results, permitting scriptwriters to test functionality on the fly, explore the contents of the modules and easily learn about FreeCAD internals.
User interaction mirroring on the console: Everything the user does in the FreeCAD interface executes Python code, which can be printed on the console and recorded in macros.
Full macro recording & editing: The Python commands issued when the user manipulates the interface can then be recorded, edited if needed, and saved to be reproduced later.
Compound (ZIP based) document save format: FreeCAD documents saved with .fcstd extension can contain many different types of information, such as geometry, scripts or thumbnail icons. The .fcstd file is itself a zip container, so a saved FreeCAD file has already been compressed.
Fully customizable/scriptable Graphical User Interface. The Qt-based interface of FreeCAD is entirely accessible via the Python interpreter. Aside from the simple functions that FreeCAD itself provides to workbenches, the whole Qt framework is accessible too, allowing any operation on the GUI, such as creating, adding, docking, modifying or removing widgets and toolbars.
Thumbnailer (Linux systems only at the moment): The FreeCAD document icons show the contents of the file in most file manager applications such as Gnome's Nautilus.
A modular MSI installer allows flexible installations on Windows systems. Packages for Ubuntu systems are also maintained.
In development
An Assembly module that allows to work with multiple projects, multiple shapes, multiple documents, multiple files, multiple relationships... This module is currently in planning state.