Jump to content
Toggle sidebar
Search
English
Log in
Personal tools
Log in
Index
Overview
Features
Screenshots
Download
FAQ
Forum
Tracker
General usage
User Hub
Manual
Tutorials
Installing
Getting started
Navigation styles
Customizing FreeCAD
Commands list
Workbenches
Workbenches list
Assembly
BIM/Arch
CAM/Path
Draft
FEM
Inspection
Material
Mesh
OpenSCAD
Part
PartDesign
Points
Reverse Engineering
Robot
Sketcher
Spreadsheet
Surface
TechDraw
External workbenches
Python scripting
Powerusers hub
Discovering Python
Python in FreeCAD
Macros
Mesh scripting
Part scripting
Pivy
PySide
Parametric objects
Code examples
Python API
Development
Developers hub
How to contribute
Git repository
Compiling
License details
Organization chart
Startup options
Branding
Translating
Help & Feedback
Forum
Bugs tracker
IRC channel
Facebook
Twitter
Mastodon
Meta
Recent changes
Random page
Links
Tools
Special pages
Printable version
Export translations
Translate
English
Language statistics
Message group statistics
Export
More
Language statistics
Message group statistics
Export
Settings
Group
3D input devices
3D view
3Dconnexion input devices
A2plus Workbench
About FreeCAD
Add Button to FEM Toolbar Tutorial
Add FEM Constraint Tutorial
Add FEM Equation Tutorial
Add Workbench to Addon Manager
Addon
Advanced Attachment OYX
Advanced TechDraw Tutorial
Aeroplane
Analysis of reinforced concrete with FEM
Animation Workbench
ANSI templates
App DocumentObject
App DocumentObjectGroup
App FeaturePython
App GeoFeature
App Link
App OriginGroupExtension
App Part
AppImage
Arch 3DS
Arch 3Views
Arch Add
Arch API
Arch Axis
Arch AxisSystem
Arch Building
Arch BuildingPart
Arch Check
Arch CloneComponent
Arch CloseHoles
Arch Component
Arch CurtainWall
Arch CutLine
Arch CutPlane
Arch DAE
Arch Equipment
Arch Fence
Arch Floor
Arch Frame
Arch Grid
Arch IFC
Arch IfcSpreadsheet
Arch JSON
Arch MergeWalls
Arch MeshToShape
Arch MultiMaterial
Arch Nest
Arch OBJ
Arch Panel
Arch Panel Cut
Arch Panel Sheet
Arch panel tutorial
Arch Pipe
Arch PipeConnector
Arch Profile
Arch Project
Arch Rebar
Arch Reference
Arch Remove
Arch RemoveShape
Arch Roof
Arch Schedule
Arch SectionPlane
Arch SelectNonSolidMeshes
Arch SetMaterial
Arch SHP
Arch Site
Arch Space
Arch SplitMesh
Arch Stairs
Arch Structure
Arch Survey
Arch templates
Arch ToggleIfcBrepFlag
Arch ToggleSubs
Arch Truss
Arch tutorial
Arch Wall
Arch Window
Arch Workbench
Artwork
Artwork Assembly
Artwork Assembly3
Artwork BIM
Artwork CAM
Artwork Draft
Artwork Fem
Artwork Gui
Artwork Guidelines
Artwork Inspection
Artwork Material
Artwork Mesh
Artwork MeshPart
Artwork OpenSCAD
Artwork Part
Artwork PartDesign
Artwork Plot
Artwork Points
Artwork Reinforcement
Artwork Render
Artwork ReverseEngineering
Artwork Robot
Artwork Ship
Artwork Sketcher
Artwork Splash screen
Artwork Spreadsheet
Artwork Surface
Artwork TechDraw
Artwork Test
Artwork Tux
Assembly
Assembly CreateAssembly
Assembly CreateBom
Assembly CreateJointAngle
Assembly CreateJointBall
Assembly CreateJointBelt
Assembly CreateJointCylindrical
Assembly CreateJointDistance
Assembly CreateJointFixed
Assembly CreateJointGears
Assembly CreateJointParallel
Assembly CreateJointPerpendicular
Assembly CreateJointRackPinion
Assembly CreateJointRevolute
Assembly CreateJointScrew
Assembly CreateJointSlider
Assembly CreateView
Assembly ExportASMT
Assembly InsertLink
Assembly SolveAssembly
Assembly ToggleGrounded
Assembly Workbench
Assembly2 Workbench
Assembly3 AddOrigin
Assembly3 AddPlacement
Assembly3 AddWorkplane
Assembly3 AddXZWorkplane
Assembly3 AddZYWorkplane
Assembly3 AutoElementVisibility
Assembly3 AutoFixElement
Assembly3 AutoRecompute
Assembly3 AxialMove
Assembly3 ConstraintAlignment
Assembly3 ConstraintAngle
Assembly3 ConstraintArcLineTangent
Assembly3 ConstraintAttachment
Assembly3 ConstraintAttachmentOffset
Assembly3 ConstraintAxial
Assembly3 ConstraintCoincidence
Assembly3 ConstraintColinear
Assembly3 ConstraintDiameter
Assembly3 ConstraintEqualAngle
Assembly3 ConstraintEqualLength
Assembly3 ConstraintEqualLineArcLength
Assembly3 ConstraintEqualPointLineDistance
Assembly3 ConstraintEqualRadius
Assembly3 ConstraintLengthDifference
Assembly3 ConstraintLengthEqualPointLineDistance
Assembly3 ConstraintLengthRatio
Assembly3 ConstraintLineHorizontal
Assembly3 ConstraintLineLength
Assembly3 ConstraintLineVertical
Assembly3 ConstraintLock
Assembly3 ConstraintMidPoint
Assembly3 ConstraintMore
Assembly3 ConstraintMultiParallel
Assembly3 ConstraintPerpendicular
Assembly3 ConstraintPointDistance
Assembly3 ConstraintPointInPlane
Assembly3 ConstraintPointLineDistance
Assembly3 ConstraintPointOnCircle
Assembly3 ConstraintPointOnLine
Assembly3 ConstraintPointPlaneDistance
Assembly3 ConstraintPointsCoincident
Assembly3 ConstraintPointsDistance
Assembly3 ConstraintPointsHorizontal
Assembly3 ConstraintPointsProjectDistance
Assembly3 ConstraintPointsSymmetric
Assembly3 ConstraintPointsVertical
Assembly3 ConstraintSameOrientation
Assembly3 ConstraintSketchPlane
Assembly3 ConstraintSymmetric
Assembly3 ConstraintSymmetricHorizontal
Assembly3 ConstraintSymmetricLine
Assembly3 ConstraintSymmetricVertical
Assembly3 CreateAssembly
Assembly3 CreateElement
Assembly3 GoToRelation
Assembly3 GroupObjects
Assembly3 ImportFromSTEP
Assembly3 ImportMultiDocument
Assembly3 LockMover
Assembly3 MeasureAngle
Assembly3 MeasurePointLine
Assembly3 MeasurePointPlane
Assembly3 MeasurePoints
Assembly3 MoveItemDown
Assembly3 MoveItemUp
Assembly3 MovePart
Assembly3 MultiplyConstraint
Assembly3 QuickMove
Assembly3 QuickSolve
Assembly3 ResolveConstraints
Assembly3 ShowElementCS
Assembly3 SmartRecompute
Assembly3 TogglePartVisibility
Assembly3 TracePartMove
Assembly3 Workbench
Assembly4 Workbench
Asymptote
B-Splines
Base API
Basic Attachment Tutorial
Basic modeling tutorial
Basic Part Design Tutorial
Basic Part Design Tutorial 019
Basic Sketcher Tutorial
Basic TechDraw Tutorial
BIM application compatibility table
BIM Beam
BIM Box
BIM Classification
BIM Clone
BIM Column
BIM Copy
BIM DimensionAligned
BIM DimensionHorizontal
BIM DimensionVertical
BIM Door
BIM IfcElements
BIM IfcExplorer
BIM IfcProperties
BIM IfcQuantities
BIM ingame tutorial
BIM Layers
BIM Leader
BIM Library
BIM Preferences
BIM Preflight
BIM ProjectManager
BIM Setup
BIM Shape2DView
BIM Sketch
BIM Slab
BIM TDPage
BIM TDView
BIM Text
BIM Views
BIM Windows
BIM Workbench
Bitmap
Body
BOLTSFC Workbench
Books
Branding
Builtin modules
CadQuery Workbench
CAM Adaptive
CAM Area
CAM Area Workplane
CAM Array
CAM Comment
CAM Copy
CAM Custom
CAM Deburr
CAM DressupAxisMap
CAM DressupDogbone
CAM DressupDragKnife
CAM DressupLeadInOut
CAM DressupPathBoundary
CAM DressupRampEntry
CAM DressupTag
CAM DressupZCorrect
CAM Drilling
CAM Engrave
CAM experimental
CAM ExportTemplate
CAM FAQ
CAM Fixture
CAM fourth axis
CAM Helix
CAM Inspect
CAM Job
CAM MillFace
CAM OpActiveToggle
CAM Pocket 3D
CAM Pocket Shape
CAM Post
CAM Postprocessor Customization
CAM Preferences
CAM Probe
CAM Profile
CAM Sanity
CAM scripting
CAM SelectLoop
CAM SetupSheet
CAM Shape
CAM SimpleCopy
CAM Simulator
CAM Slot
CAM Stop
CAM Surface
CAM ThreadMilling
CAM ToolBit
CAM ToolBit Library
CAM ToolBitDock
CAM ToolBitLibraryOpen
CAM ToolController
CAM Tools
CAM ToolShape
CAM Vcarve
CAM Walkthrough for the Impatient
CAM Waterline
CAM Workbench
Cfd Workbench
Changelog
Civil Engineering Workbench
Code snippets
Coin3d snippets
Combo view
Command
Common Airfoil Data Import
Compile on Docker
Compile on Linux
Compile on MacOS
Compile on MinGW
Compile on Windows
CompileOnWindows - Reducing Disk Footprint
Compiling
Compiling (Speeding up)
Conda
Console API
Constructive solid geometry
Continuous Integration
Contributors
Copying Objects
Create a FeaturePython object part I
Create a FeaturePython object part II
Creating a simple part with Draft and Part WB
Creating a simple part with Part WB
Creating a simple part with PartDesign
Crowdin Administration
Crowdin Scripts
CurvedShapes CurvedArray
CurvedShapes Workbench
Curves CompressionSpring
Curves Discretize
Curves EditableSpline
Curves ExtendCurve
Curves GordonSurface
Curves Interpolate
Curves IsoCurve
Curves JoinCurve
Curves Line
Curves MultiLoft
Curves ParametricComb
Curves ParametricSolid
Curves PasteSVG
Curves Pipeshell
Curves PipeshellProfile
Curves ProfileSupport
Curves ReflectLines
Curves SegmentSurface
Curves SketchOnSurface
Curves SplitCurve
Curves ToConsole
Curves Workbench
Curves ZebraTool
Custom icon in tree view
Customize Toolbars
DAG view
Datum
Debian development
Debian Unstable
Debugging
Defeaturing
Defeaturing Workbench
Developer hub
Developing FreeCAD with GitKraken
Developing FreeCAD with KDevelop
Development roadmap
Dialog creation
Dialog creation image and animated GIF
Dialog creation reading and writing files
Dialog creation setting colors
Dialog creation with various widgets
Document structure
Donate
Download
Doxygen
Draft AddConstruction
Draft AddNamedGroup
Draft AddToGroup
Draft annotation scale widget
Draft AnnotationStyleEditor
Draft API
Draft ApplyStyle
Draft Arc
Draft Arc 3Points
Draft Array
Draft AutoGroup
Draft BezCurve
Draft BSpline
Draft Circle
Draft CircularArray
Draft Clone
Draft Constrain
Draft CubicBezCurve
Draft DAT
Draft Dimension
Draft Downgrade
Draft Draft2Sketch
Draft Drawing
Draft DXF
Draft Edit
Draft Ellipse
Draft Facebinder
Draft Fillet
Draft FlipDimension
Draft Hatch
Draft Heal
Draft Join
Draft Label
Draft Layer
Draft LayerManager
Draft Line
Draft Mirror
Draft Move
Draft OCA
Draft Offset
Draft OrthoArray
Draft PathArray
Draft PathLinkArray
Draft Pattern
Draft Point
Draft PointArray
Draft PointLinkArray
Draft PolarArray
Draft Polygon
Draft Preferences
Draft Rectangle
Draft Rotate
Draft Scale
Draft SelectGroup
Draft SelectPlane
Draft SetStyle
Draft Shape2DView
Draft ShapeString
Draft ShapeString tutorial
Draft ShowSnapBar
Draft Slope
Draft Snap
Draft Snap Angle
Draft Snap Center
Draft Snap Dimensions
Draft Snap Endpoint
Draft Snap Extension
Draft Snap Grid
Draft Snap Intersection
Draft Snap Lock
Draft Snap Midpoint
Draft Snap Near
Draft Snap Ortho
Draft Snap Parallel
Draft Snap Perpendicular
Draft Snap Special
Draft snap widget
Draft Snap WorkingPlane
Draft Split
Draft Stretch
Draft SubelementHighlight
Draft SVG
Draft Text
Draft ToggleConstructionMode
Draft ToggleContinueMode
Draft ToggleDisplayMode
Draft ToggleGrid
Draft Tray
Draft Trimex
Draft tutorial
Draft Upgrade
Draft Wire
Draft WireToBSpline
Draft Workbench
Draft WorkingPlaneProxy
Drawing
Drawing Annotation
Drawing API example
Drawing Clip
Drawing Dimensioning Addon
Drawing Documentation
Drawing Landscape A3
Drawing Open SVG
Drawing Openbrowser
Drawing Orthoviews
Drawing ProjectShape
Drawing Save
Drawing SpreadsheetView
Drawing Symbol
Drawing Template HowTo
Drawing templates
Drawing tutorial
Drawing View
Drawing Workbench
DXF
DynamicData Workbench
EM FHEquiv
EM FHInputFile
EM FHNode
EM FHPath
EM FHPlane
EM FHPlaneAddRemoveNodeHole
EM FHPlaneHole
EM FHPort
EM FHSegment
EM FHSolver
EM Workbench
Embedding FreeCAD
Embedding FreeCADGui
Engine Block Tutorial
Example Combined Footing
Example Slab Having LShape Rebars Reinforcement Mesh
Example Slab Having Mesh Of Straight Rebars
Example Slab Having UShape Rebars Reinforcement Mesh
Example Slab Spanning in One Direction
Example Slab Spanning in Two Directions
ExplodedAssembly Workbench
Export to STL or OBJ
Expressions
Extend FEM Module
External workbenches
Extra python modules
Fasteners BOM
Fasteners ChamferHole
Fasteners ChangeParameters
Fasteners Flip
Fasteners MatchTypeInner
Fasteners MatchTypeOuter
Fasteners Move
Fasteners ScrewCalculator
Fasteners Simplify
Fasteners Workbench
FCGear BevelGear
FCGear CrownGear
FCGear CycloidGear
FCGear CycloidRack
FCGear GearConnector
FCGear HypoCycloidGear
FCGear InternalInvoluteGear
FCGear InvoluteGear
FCGear InvoluteRack
FCGear LanternGear
FCGear TimingGear
FCGear Workbench
FCGear WormGear
Fcmcua Workbench
Feature
Feature editing
Feature list
FeaturePython Custom Properties
FeaturePython methods
FEM Analysis
FEM CalculiX
FEM CalculiX Cantilever 3D
FEM ClippingPlaneAdd
FEM ClippingPlaneRemoveAll
FEM Concrete
FEM ConstantVacuumPermittivity
FEM ConstraintBearing
FEM ConstraintBodyHeatSource
FEM ConstraintCentrif
FEM ConstraintContact
FEM ConstraintCurrentDensity
FEM ConstraintDisplacement
FEM ConstraintElectrostaticPotential
FEM ConstraintFixed
FEM ConstraintFlowVelocity
FEM ConstraintFluidBoundary
FEM ConstraintForce
FEM ConstraintGear
FEM ConstraintHeatflux
FEM ConstraintInitialFlowVelocity
FEM ConstraintInitialPressure
FEM ConstraintInitialTemperature
FEM ConstraintMagnetization
FEM ConstraintPlaneRotation
FEM ConstraintPressure
FEM ConstraintPulley
FEM ConstraintRigidBody
FEM ConstraintSectionPrint
FEM ConstraintSelfWeight
FEM ConstraintSpring
FEM ConstraintTemperature
FEM ConstraintTie
FEM ConstraintTransform
FEM CreateNodesSet
FEM Element Types
FEM ElementFluid1D
FEM ElementGeometry1D
FEM ElementGeometry2D
FEM ElementRotation1D
FEM EquationDeformation
FEM EquationElasticity
FEM EquationElectricforce
FEM EquationElectrostatic
FEM EquationFlow
FEM EquationFlux
FEM EquationHeat
FEM EquationMagnetodynamic
FEM EquationMagnetodynamic2D
FEM Example Capacitance Two Balls
FEM Examples
FEM FemMesh2Mesh
FEM FrontISTR Workbench
FEM Geometry Preparation and Meshing
FEM Install
FEM MaterialEditor
FEM MaterialFluid
FEM MaterialMechanicalNonlinear
FEM MaterialReinforced
FEM MaterialSolid
FEM Mesh
FEM Mesh CalculiX
FEM MeshBoundaryLayer
FEM MeshClear
FEM MeshDisplayInfo
FEM MeshGmshFromShape
FEM MeshGroup
FEM MeshNetgenFromShape
FEM MeshRegion
FEM PostApplyChanges
FEM PostCreateFunctionBox
FEM PostCreateFunctionCylinder
FEM PostCreateFunctionPlane
FEM PostCreateFunctionSphere
FEM PostFilterClipRegion
FEM PostFilterClipScalar
FEM PostFilterContours
FEM PostFilterCutFunction
FEM PostFilterDataAlongLine
FEM PostFilterDataAtPoint
FEM PostFilterLinearizedStresses
FEM PostFilterWarp
FEM PostPipelineFromResult
FEM Preferences
FEM ResultShow
FEM ResultsPurge
FEM Shear of a Composite Block
FEM Solver
FEM SolverCalculiX
FEM SolverCalculixCxxtools
FEM SolverControl
FEM SolverElmer
FEM SolverElmer SolverSettings
FEM SolverMystran
FEM SolverRun
FEM SolverZ88
FEM tutorial
FEM Tutorial Python
FEM Workbench
FEMbyGEN Workbench
File Format FCStd
Fine-tuning
Flamingo Workbench
Flatpak
FreeCAD and DWG Import
FreeCAD and DXF Import
FreeCAD and Mesh Import
FreeCAD API
FreeCAD Build Tool
FreeCAD Community Portal
FreeCAD Docker CLI mode
FreeCAD Managing Expectations
FreeCAD Scripting Basics
FreeCAD used in production
FreeCAD vector math library
FreeCAD-SH3D
FreeCAD-Ship s60 tutorial
FreeCAD-Ship s60 tutorial (II)
FreeCADGui API
Frequently asked questions
Getting started
Git buildpackage
Glossary
GlTF
Gui Command
GuiCommand model
Headless FreeCAD
Help
Help FreeCAD
History
How to install additional workbenches
How to install macros
IfcOpenShell
IfcPlusPlus
Image CreateImagePlane
Image Open
Image Scaling
Image Workbench
Import Export
Import Export Preferences
Import from STL or OBJ
Import OpenSCAD code
Import text and geometry from Inkscape
Import/Export IFC - compiling IfcOpenShell
Important information
Importing From Sketchup
InputField
Inspection Workbench
Installing additional components
Installing Helpfile
Installing more workbenches
Installing on Linux
Installing on Mac
Installing on Windows
Interface
Interface creation
Interface Customization
Introduction to Python
Key ASCII
KicadStepUp Workbench
Lattice2 AttachablePlacement
Lattice2 Workbench
LGTM
License
Line drawing function
LinkSub
LinkSubList
Linux packaging
Localisation
Localisation Sidebar
Localization Older Methods
LuxCoreRender
LuxRender
MacOS packaging
Macro 3D Parametric Curve
Macro 3d Printer Slicer
Macro 3d Printer Slicer Individual Parts
Macro 3D Printer Workflow
Macro 3DXML import
Macro AeroFoil
Macro Airfoil Import & Scale
Macro Alias For Table For Object
Macro Align Camera to Working Plane
Macro Align Face Object to View
Macro Align Object to View
Macro Align View to Face
Macro Align Working Plane to Camera
Macro Animated Constrain
Macro Animator
Macro Apothem Based Prism GUI
Macro Arch Axis System Repartition
Macro ArrayCopy
Macro Assemblage Imprimante 3D
Macro Assembly
Macro at Startup
Macro Automatic drawing
Macro Bevel
Macro BOLTS
Macro BoundingBox Tracing
Macro BSurf from grid
Macro Build Utility
Macro Cabinets32
Macro CartoucheFC
Macro CartoucheFC 2
Macro CartoucheFC Full
Macro Center Align Objects with Faces or Edges
Macro CenterFace
Macro CenterOfMass
Macro Circle
Macro CirclePlus
Macro clone explicit
Macro CloneConvert
Macro Colorize
Macro Compound Plus
Macro Connect And Sweep
Macro Constraint Draft
Macro ConstraintToAlias
Macro Convert 021
Macro Copy3DViewToClipboard
Macro Corner shapes wizard
Macro Corner shapes wizard/update
Macro crank simul
Macro Creating faces from a DXF file
Macro cross section
Macro Cut Circle
Macro Cut Line
Macro DeepCopy
Macro Delta xyz
Macro documentation
Macro Draft Circle 3 Points
Macro Draft Circle 3 Points 3D
Macro Draft Circle Tangent
Macro Draw 2D Function
Macro Draw Parametric 2D Function
Macro Dump Objects
Macro Duplicate Selection
Macro DXF to Face and Sketch
Macro Easy cutouts for Enclosure Design
Macro EasyAlias
Macro EasyReflector
Macro EdgesToArc
Macro Editor Assistant
Macro Ellipse-Center+2Points
Macro ExpandTreeItem
Macro export transient FEM results
Macro Extract Wires from Mesh
Macro FaceToSketch
Macro FC Convert Lines
Macro FC element selector
Macro FCBmpImport
Macro FCCamera
Macro FCCamGroover
Macro FCCircularText
Macro FCGear
Macro FCHoneycombMaker
Macro FCInfo
Macro FCInfo Alternate Linux
Macro FCInfo ToolBar
Macro FCInfoGlass
Macro FCInfoToMouse
Macro FCSpreadSheet Extract
Macro FCSpring Helix Variable
Macro FCSpring On Surface
Macro FCTreeView
Macro FCWire To Volume
Macro FindAliasReferences
Macro findConfigFiles
Macro FlattenWire
Macro FlattenWire3Points
Macro Fonts Win10 PYMP
Macro ForceRecompute
Macro FreeCAD to Kerkythea
Macro GenerateDrawing
Macro GenerateViews
Macro Geneva Wheel
Macro Geneva Wheel GUI
Macro Geodesic Dome
Macro Global Variable Watcher
Macro GMSH
Macro GuiResetToolbars
Macro Guitar fretboard
Macro Guitar Nut
Macro Half turn stairs
Macro Half-Hull Model
Macro HealArcs
Macro HiddenAlls
Macro HighlightCommon
Macro HighlightDifference
Macro HilbertCurve
Macro hinge
Macro Honeycomb
Macro If Selected Stay If Not Then Delete
Macro Iges PyImporter
Macro Image Scaling
Macro ImperialScales
Macro ImportAirfoil
Macro Intersection
Macro Joint
Macro JointWire
Macro Kerkythea
Macro Line Length
Macro Loft
Macro MacroMenu
Macro MacroToolbarManager
Macro Make Arc 3 Points
Macro Make Circle 3 Points
Macro Make Cube
Macro MatrixTransform
Macro MeasureCircle
Macro Megaminx
Macro merge duplicate materials
Macro MeshToPart
Macro MessageBox
Macro Mouse Cross
Macro Mouse over cb
Macro MoveToOrigin
Macro MultiCopy
Macro MultiCuts
Macro Normal Vector
Macro ObjectInfo
Macro Overlap
Macro Parametric Curve FP
Macro Parametric Defeaturing
Macro PartsLibrary
Macro PartToVRML
Macro PCBWay
Macro PDWrapper
Macro Perpendicular To Wire
Macro Pinger
Macro Place Image
Macro PlacementAbsolufy
Macro Polyhedrons
Macro Print SceneGraph
Macro PropertyMemo
Macro Pyramid
Macro Python Assistant Window
Macro Recompute Profiler
Macro Rectellipse
Macro Remove parametric history
Macro Replace Part in Assembly
Macro Repro Wire
Macro Rotate To Point
Macro Rotate View
Macro Rotate View Free
Macro Rotate ViewAxonometric
Macro Rubik Cube
Macro Screen Wiki
Macro screw maker1 2
Macro Section
Macro Select Hovering
Macro SelectVisible
Macro Shake Sketch
Macro Sheet Metal Unfolder
Macro SimpleProperties
Macro Site From Contours
Macro Sketch Constraint From Spreadsheet
Macro SketchUnmap
Macro Snip
Macro Solid Sweep
Macro SplitPropEditor
Macro Spreadsheet2html
Macro SpreadsheetTools
Macro Spring
Macro Stairs
Macro StraightenObject
Macro SuperWire
Macro TemplateHelper
Macro Texture
Macro Texture Objects
Macro TimingGear
Macro TNP Solution
Macro Toggle Drawstyle
Macro Toggle Drawstyle Optimized
Macro Toggle Panels Visibility
Macro Toggle Visibility
Macro Toggle Visibility2 1-2
Macro Toggle Visibility2 2-2
Macro TreeToAscii
Macro Triangle AH
Macro Unbind Numpad Shortcuts
Macro Unfold Box
Macro Unroll Ruled Surface
Macro View Rotation
Macro Visibility Manager
Macro VisibleAlls
Macro Wiki Object Properties List Generator
Macro Wiki Object Properties List Generator Basic Version
Macro WireFilter
Macro WireXYZ
Macro Wiring And Hoses
Macro WorkFeatures
Macro Z Height Map
Macro Zoom1 1
Macros
Macros recipes
Main Page
Main view area
Manipulator Workbench
Manual:A gentle introduction
Manual:All workbenches at a glance
Manual:BIM modeling
Manual:Creating and manipulating geometry
Manual:Creating FEM analyses
Manual:Creating interface tools
Manual:Creating parametric objects
Manual:Creating renderings
Manual:Generating 2D drawings
Manual:Import and export to other filetypes
Manual:Installing
Manual:Introduction
Manual:Modeling for product design
Manual:Navigating in the 3D view
Manual:Parametric objects
Manual:Preparing models for 3D printing
Manual:Summary
Manual:The Community
Manual:The FreeCAD document
Manual:The FreeCAD Interface
Manual:Traditional 2D drafting
Manual:Traditional modeling, the CSG way
Manual:Using spreadsheets
Manual:What is FreeCAD
Material Workbench
Matrix API
Measurement Of Angles On Holes
Mesh
Mesh AddFacet
Mesh API
Mesh BoundingBox
Mesh BuildRegularSolid
Mesh CrossSections
Mesh CurvatureInfo
Mesh Decimating
Mesh Difference
Mesh EvaluateFacet
Mesh EvaluateSolid
Mesh Evaluation
Mesh Export
Mesh Feature
Mesh FillInteractiveHole
Mesh FillupHoles
Mesh FlipNormals
Mesh FromPartShape
Mesh HarmonizeNormals
Mesh Import
Mesh Intersection
Mesh Merge
Mesh MeshObject
Mesh PolyCut
Mesh PolyTrim
Mesh RemeshGmsh
Mesh RemoveCompByHand
Mesh RemoveComponents
Mesh Scale
Mesh Scripting
Mesh SectionByPlane
Mesh Segmentation
Mesh SegmentationBestFit
Mesh Smoothing
Mesh SplitComponents
Mesh to Part
Mesh TrimByPlane
Mesh Union
Mesh VertexCurvature
Mesh Workbench
MeshPart CreateFlatFace
MeshPart CreateFlatMesh
MeshRemodel Workbench
MIBA
Migrating to FreeCAD from Fusion360
Migrating to FreeCAD from OnShape
Migrating to FreeCAD from Revit
Migrating to FreeCAD from SolidWorks
Misc templates
Misc templates Full
Model
ModernUI Workbench
MOOC Workbench
Mouse navigation
Multithreading
Navigation Cube
NumPy
O-X-Y Type Attachment Modes
Object API
Object name
Onboarding FEM Devs
Online Help Startpage
Online Help Toc
OpenCamLib
OpenCASCADE
OpenSCAD AddOpenSCADElement
OpenSCAD ColorCodeShape
OpenSCAD CSG
OpenSCAD Edgestofaces
OpenSCAD ExpandPlacements
OpenSCAD ExplodeGroup
OpenSCAD Hull
OpenSCAD IncreaseToleranceFeature
OpenSCAD MeshBoolean
OpenSCAD Minkowski
OpenSCAD MirrorMeshFeature
OpenSCAD Preferences
OpenSCAD RefineShapeFeature
OpenSCAD RemoveSubtree
OpenSCAD ReplaceObject
OpenSCAD ResizeMeshFeature
OpenSCAD ScaleMeshFeature
OpenSCAD Workbench
Organization chart
OSE 3D Printer Workbench
OSE Piping Workbench
Package Metadata
Packaging
Part
Part and PartDesign
Part API
Part Boolean
Part BooleanFragments
Part Box
Part BoxSelection
Part Builder
Part Chamfer
Part CheckGeometry
Part Circle
Part ColorPerFace
Part Common
Part CompCompoundTools
Part CompJoinFeatures
Part CompOffsetTools
Part Compound
Part CompoundFilter
Part CompSplittingTools
Part Cone
Part CrossSections
Part Cut
Part Cylinder
Part Defeaturing
Part EditAttachment
Part ElementCopy
Part Ellipse
Part Ellipsoid
Part ExplodeCompound
Part Export
Part Extrude
Part Feature
Part Fillet
Part Fuse
Part Helix
Part Import
Part JoinConnect
Part JoinCutout
Part JoinEmbed
Part Line
Part Loft
Part Loft Technical Details
Part MakeFace
Part MakeSolid
Part Measure Angular
Part Measure Clear All
Part Measure Linear
Part Measure Refresh
Part Measure Toggle 3D
Part Measure Toggle All
Part Measure Toggle Delta
Part Mirror
Part Offset
Part Offset2D
Part Part2DObject
Part Plane
Part Point
Part PointsFromMesh
Part Primitives
Part Prism
Part ProjectionOnSurface
Part RefineShape
Part RegularPolygon
Part ReverseShape
Part Revolve
Part RuledSurface
Part Scale
Part scripting
Part Section
Part SectionCut
Part ShapeFromMesh
Part SimpleCopy
Part Slice
Part SliceApart
Part Sphere
Part Spiral
Part Sweep
Part Thickness
Part TopoShape
Part Torus
Part TransformedCopy
Part Tube
Part Wedge
Part Workbench
Part XOR
PartDesign AdditiveBox
PartDesign AdditiveCone
PartDesign AdditiveCylinder
PartDesign AdditiveEllipsoid
PartDesign AdditiveHelix
PartDesign AdditiveLoft
PartDesign AdditivePipe
PartDesign AdditivePrism
PartDesign AdditiveSphere
PartDesign AdditiveTorus
PartDesign AdditiveWedge
PartDesign Bearingholder Tutorial I
PartDesign Bearingholder Tutorial II
PartDesign Body
PartDesign Boolean
PartDesign Chamfer
PartDesign Clone
PartDesign CoordinateSystem
PartDesign Draft
PartDesign Examples
PartDesign Feature
PartDesign Fillet
PartDesign Groove
PartDesign Hole
PartDesign InvoluteGear
PartDesign Line
PartDesign LinearPattern
PartDesign Migrate
PartDesign Mirrored
PartDesign MoveFeature
PartDesign MoveFeatureInTree
PartDesign MoveTip
PartDesign MultiTransform
PartDesign NewSketch
PartDesign Pad
PartDesign Plane
PartDesign Pocket
PartDesign Point
PartDesign PolarPattern
PartDesign Preferences
PartDesign Revolution
PartDesign Scaled
PartDesign ShapeBinder
PartDesign Sprocket
PartDesign SubShapeBinder
PartDesign SubtractiveBox
PartDesign SubtractiveCone
PartDesign SubtractiveCylinder
PartDesign SubtractiveEllipsoid
PartDesign SubtractiveHelix
PartDesign SubtractiveLoft
PartDesign SubtractivePipe
PartDesign SubtractivePrism
PartDesign SubtractiveSphere
PartDesign SubtractiveTorus
PartDesign SubtractiveWedge
PartDesign Thickness
PartDesign tutorial
PartDesign WizardShaft
PartDesign Workbench
Parts Library Workbench
PCB Workbench
PDF
Pivy
Placement
Placement API
Plot Axes
Plot Basic tutorial
Plot Grid
Plot Labels
Plot Legend
Plot MultiAxes tutorial
Plot Positions
Plot Save
Plot Series
Plot Workbench
Points Convert
Points Export
Points Import
Points Merge
Points PolyCut
Points Structure
Points Workbench
Post-Processing of FEM Results with Paraview
POV-Ray
POV-Ray-Rendering Workbench
Power users hub
Preference Packs
Preferences Editor
Private Preference Packs
Profiling
Property
Property editor
PropertyLink: InList and OutList
Pyramids and polyhedrons Workbench
Pyrate Workbench
PySide
PySide Advanced Examples
PySide Beginner Examples
PySide Intermediate Examples
PySide usage snippets
Python
Python console
Python Development Environment
Python scripting tutorial
PythonOCC
Qt Example
Quantity
Raytracing API example
Raytracing ExportProject
Raytracing InsertPart
Raytracing Lux
Raytracing New
Raytracing Preferences
Raytracing Render
Raytracing ResetCamera
Raytracing templates
Raytracing tutorial
Raytracing Workbench
Raytracing WriteCamera
Raytracing WritePart
Raytracing WriteView
Reinforcement API
Reinforcement BarBendingSchedule
Reinforcement BarShapeCutList
Reinforcement BeamRebars
Reinforcement BentShapeRebar
Reinforcement BillOfMaterial
Reinforcement ColumnRebars
Reinforcement ColumnRebars Circular
Reinforcement ColumnRebars TwoTiesSixRebars
Reinforcement Custom Spacing
Reinforcement DrawingDimensioning
Reinforcement FootingRebars
Reinforcement HelicalRebar
Reinforcement LShapeRebar
Reinforcement SlabRebars
Reinforcement StirrupRebar
Reinforcement StraightRebar
Reinforcement UShapeRebar
Reinforcement Workbench
Release notes 0.13
Release notes 0.14
Release notes 0.15
Release notes 0.16
Release notes 0.17
Release notes 0.18
Release notes 0.19
Release notes 0.20
Release notes 0.21
Release notes 1.0
Render Workbench
Report view
Reverse Engineering Workbench
Robot 6-Axis
Robot API example
Robot CreateRobot
Robot CreateTrajectory
Robot Edge2Trac
Robot Export
Robot InsertWaypoint
Robot InsertWaypointPre
Robot RestoreHomePos
Robot SetDefaultOrientation
Robot SetDefaultValues
Robot SetHomePos
Robot Simulate
Robot TrajectoryCompound
Robot TrajectoryDressUp
Robot tutorial
Robot Workbench
Rocket BodyTube
Rocket Bulkhead
Rocket CenteringRing
Rocket CompLaunchGuide
Rocket Ejection Charge Calculator
Rocket Fin
Rocket FinCan
Rocket LaunchLug
Rocket NoseCone
Rocket Parachute Size Calculator
Rocket RailButton
Rocket RailGuide
Rocket Thrust To Weight Calculator
Rocket Transition
Rocket Vent Hole Size Calculator
Rocket Workbench
Scenegraph
Scientific literature
Screenshots
Scripted objects
Scripted objects migration
Scripted objects saving attributes
Scripted objects with attachment
Scripted Parts: Ball Bearing - Part 1
Scripted Parts: Ball Bearing - Part 2
Scripting and macros
Scripts
SearchBar Mod
Selection API
Selection methods
Selection view
Shape
SheetMetal AddBase
SheetMetal AddBend
SheetMetal AddCornerRelief
SheetMetal AddFoldWall
SheetMetal AddJunction
SheetMetal AddRelief
SheetMetal AddWall
SheetMetal BaseShape
SheetMetal Examples
SheetMetal Extrude
SheetMetal Forming
SheetMetal SketchOnSheet
SheetMetal UnattendedUnfold
SheetMetal Unfold
SheetMetal Workbench
Ship AreasCurve
Ship Capacity
Ship CreateShip
Ship GZ
Ship Hydrostatics
Ship LoadCondition
Ship LoadExample
Ship Tank
Ship Weight
Ship Workbench
Silk Workbench
Sketch
Sketcher ArcOverlay
Sketcher BSplineComb
Sketcher BSplineConvertToNURBS
Sketcher BSplineDecreaseDegree
Sketcher BSplineDecreaseKnotMultiplicity
Sketcher BSplineDegree
Sketcher BSplineIncreaseDegree
Sketcher BSplineIncreaseKnotMultiplicity
Sketcher BSplineInsertKnot
Sketcher BSplineKnotMultiplicity
Sketcher BSplinePoleWeight
Sketcher BSplinePolygon
Sketcher CarbonCopy
Sketcher Clone
Sketcher CloseShape
Sketcher ConnectLines
Sketcher ConstrainAngle
Sketcher ConstrainBlock
Sketcher ConstrainCoincident
Sketcher ConstrainCoincidentUnified
Sketcher ConstrainDiameter
Sketcher ConstrainDistance
Sketcher ConstrainDistanceX
Sketcher ConstrainDistanceY
Sketcher ConstrainEqual
Sketcher ConstrainHorizontal
Sketcher ConstrainHorVer
Sketcher ConstrainLock
Sketcher ConstrainParallel
Sketcher ConstrainPerpendicular
Sketcher ConstrainPointOnObject
Sketcher ConstrainRadiam
Sketcher ConstrainRadius
Sketcher ConstrainSnellsLaw
Sketcher ConstrainSymmetric
Sketcher ConstrainTangent
Sketcher ConstrainVertical
Sketcher Copy
Sketcher Create3PointArc
Sketcher Create3PointCircle
Sketcher CreateArc
Sketcher CreateArcOfEllipse
Sketcher CreateArcOfHyperbola
Sketcher CreateArcOfParabola
Sketcher CreateArcSlot
Sketcher CreateBSpline
Sketcher CreateBSplineByInterpolation
Sketcher CreateChamfer
Sketcher CreateCircle
Sketcher CreateEllipseBy3Points
Sketcher CreateEllipseByCenter
Sketcher CreateFillet
Sketcher CreateHeptagon
Sketcher CreateHexagon
Sketcher CreateLine
Sketcher CreateOblong
Sketcher CreateOctagon
Sketcher CreatePentagon
Sketcher CreatePeriodicBSpline
Sketcher CreatePeriodicBSplineByInterpolation
Sketcher CreatePoint
Sketcher CreatePointFillet
Sketcher CreatePolyline
Sketcher CreateRectangle
Sketcher CreateRectangle Center
Sketcher CreateRegularPolygon
Sketcher CreateSlot
Sketcher CreateSquare
Sketcher CreateTriangle
Sketcher DeleteAllConstraints
Sketcher DeleteAllGeometry
Sketcher Dialog
Sketcher Dimension
Sketcher EditSketch
Sketcher Examples
Sketcher Extend
Sketcher External
Sketcher Grid
Sketcher helper constraint
Sketcher JoinCurves
Sketcher LeaveSketch
Sketcher MapSketch
Sketcher MergeSketches
Sketcher Micro Tutorial - Constraint Practices
Sketcher MirrorSketch
Sketcher Move
Sketcher NewSketch
Sketcher Offset
Sketcher Preferences
Sketcher RectangularArray
Sketcher reference
Sketcher RemoveAxesAlignment
Sketcher RenderingOrder
Sketcher ReorientSketch
Sketcher requirement for a sketch
Sketcher RestoreInternalAlignmentGeometry
Sketcher Rotate
Sketcher Scale
Sketcher scripting
Sketcher SelectConflictingConstraints
Sketcher SelectConstraints
Sketcher SelectElementsAssociatedWithConstraints
Sketcher SelectElementsWithDoFs
Sketcher SelectHorizontalAxis
Sketcher SelectOrigin
Sketcher SelectRedundantConstraints
Sketcher SelectVerticalAxis
Sketcher SketchObject
Sketcher Snap
Sketcher Split
Sketcher StopOperation
Sketcher SwitchVirtualSpace
Sketcher Symmetry
Sketcher ToggleActiveConstraint
Sketcher ToggleConstruction
Sketcher ToggleDrivingConstraint
Sketcher Translate
Sketcher Trimming
Sketcher Tutorial
Sketcher ValidateSketch
Sketcher ViewSection
Sketcher ViewSketch
Sketcher Workbench
Source code management
Source documentation
Sphinx
Splash screen
Spreadsheet
Spreadsheet AlignBottom
Spreadsheet AlignCenter
Spreadsheet AlignLeft
Spreadsheet AlignRight
Spreadsheet AlignTop
Spreadsheet AlignVCenter
Spreadsheet CreateSheet
Spreadsheet CSV
Spreadsheet Export
Spreadsheet Import
Spreadsheet MergeCells
Spreadsheet Preferences
Spreadsheet SetAlias
Spreadsheet SplitCell
Spreadsheet StyleBold
Spreadsheet StyleItalic
Spreadsheet StyleUnderline
Spreadsheet Workbench
Standard Menu
Start Preferences
Start up and Configuration
Start Workbench
Status bar
Std About
Std ActivateNextWindow
Std ActivatePrevWindow
Std AddonMgr
Std Alignment
Std AxisCross
Std Base
Std BoxElementSelection
Std BoxSelection
Std CascadeWindows
Std CloseActiveWindow
Std CloseAllWindows
Std Copy
Std Cut
Std Delete
Std DemoMode
Std DependencyGraph
Std DlgCustomize
Std DlgMacroExecute
Std DlgMacroExecuteDirect
Std DlgMacroRecord
Std DlgParameter
Std DlgPreferences
Std DrawStyle
Std DuplicateSelection
Std Edit
Std Edit Menu
Std Export
Std File Menu
Std FreeCADDonation
Std FreeCADFAQ
Std FreeCADForum
Std FreeCADPowerUserHub
Std FreeCADUserHub
Std FreeCADWebsite
Std FreezeViews
Std Group
Std Help Menu
Std HideObjects
Std HideSelection
Std Import
Std LinkImport
Std LinkImportAll
Std LinkMake
Std LinkMakeRelative
Std LinkReplace
Std LinkSelectAllLinks
Std LinkSelectLinked
Std LinkSelectLinkedFinal
Std LinkUnlink
Std Macro Menu
Std MacroAttachDebugger
Std MacroStartDebug
Std MacroStepInto
Std MacroStepOver
Std MacroStopDebug
Std MacroStopRecord
Std MainFullscreen
Std Measure
Std MeasureDistance
Std MergeProjects
Std New
Std OnlineHelp
Std Open
Std OrthographicCamera
Std Part
Std Paste
Std PerspectiveCamera
Std Placement
Std Print
Std PrintPdf
Std PrintPreview
Std ProjectInfo
Std ProjectUtil
Std PythonHelp
Std Quit
Std RandomColor
Std RecallWorkingView
Std RecentFiles
Std Redo
Std Refresh
Std ReportBug
Std Revert
Std Save
Std SaveAll
Std SaveAs
Std SaveCopy
Std SceneInspector
Std SelBack
Std SelBoundingBox
Std SelectAll
Std SelectVisibleObjects
Std SelForward
Std SendToPythonConsole
Std SetAppearance
Std ShowObjects
Std ShowSelection
Std StoreWorkingView
Std TextDocument
Std TextureMapping
Std TileWindows
Std ToggleBreakpoint
Std ToggleClipPlane
Std ToggleNavigation
Std ToggleObjects
Std ToggleSelectability
Std ToggleVisibility
Std Tools Menu
Std TransformManip
Std TreeCollapseDocument
Std TreeDrag
Std TreeMultiDocument
Std TreePreSelection
Std TreeRecordSelection
Std TreeSelection
Std TreeSingleDocument
Std TreeSyncPlacement
Std TreeSyncSelection
Std TreeSyncView
Std Undo
Std UnitsCalculator
Std UserEditMode
Std View Menu
Std ViewBottom
Std ViewBoxZoom
Std ViewCreate
Std ViewDimetric
Std ViewDockUndockFullscreen
Std ViewFitAll
Std ViewFitSelection
Std ViewFront
Std ViewFullscreen
Std ViewHome
Std ViewIsometric
Std ViewIvIssueCamPos
Std ViewIvStereoInterleavedColumns
Std ViewIvStereoInterleavedRows
Std ViewIvStereoOff
Std ViewIvStereoQuadBuff
Std ViewIvStereoRedGreen
Std ViewLeft
Std ViewLoadImage
Std ViewRear
Std ViewRight
Std ViewRotateLeft
Std ViewRotateRight
Std ViewScreenShot
Std ViewStatusBar
Std ViewTop
Std ViewTrimetric
Std ViewZoomIn
Std ViewZoomOut
Std WhatsThis
Std Windows
Std Windows Menu
Std Workbench
Stemfie Workbench
Surface BlendCurve
Surface CurveOnMesh
Surface ExtendFace
Surface Filling
Surface GeomFillSurface
Surface Sections
Surface Workbench
SVG
Svg Namespace
Swag
Symbols Library Workbench
Task panel
Tasks Placement
TechDraw 2LineCenterLine
TechDraw 2PointCenterLine
TechDraw 2PointCosmeticLine
TechDraw 3PtAngleDimension
TechDraw ActiveView
TechDraw AngleDimension
TechDraw Annotation
TechDraw API
TechDraw ArchView
TechDraw AxoLengthDimension
TechDraw Balloon
TechDraw BrokenView
TechDraw ClipGroup
TechDraw ClipGroupAdd
TechDraw ClipGroupRemove
TechDraw CommandAddOffsetVertex
TechDraw ComplexSection
TechDraw CosmeticCircle
TechDraw CosmeticEraser
TechDraw CosmeticVertex
TechDraw DecorateLine
TechDraw DetailView
TechDraw DiameterDimension
TechDraw DimensionRepair
TechDraw DraftView
TechDraw ExportPageDXF
TechDraw ExportPageSVG
TechDraw ExtensionArcLengthAnnotation
TechDraw ExtensionAreaAnnotation
TechDraw ExtensionCascadeHorizDimension
TechDraw ExtensionCascadeObliqueDimension
TechDraw ExtensionCascadeVertDimension
TechDraw ExtensionChangeLineAttributes
TechDraw ExtensionCircleCenterLines
TechDraw ExtensionCreateHorizChainDimension
TechDraw ExtensionCreateHorizChamferDimension
TechDraw ExtensionCreateHorizCoordDimension
TechDraw ExtensionCreateLengthArc
TechDraw ExtensionCreateObliqueChainDimension
TechDraw ExtensionCreateObliqueCoordDimension
TechDraw ExtensionCreateVertChainDimension
TechDraw ExtensionCreateVertChamferDimension
TechDraw ExtensionCreateVertCoordDimension
TechDraw ExtensionCustomizeFormat
TechDraw ExtensionDecreaseDecimal
TechDraw ExtensionDrawCosmArc
TechDraw ExtensionDrawCosmCircle
TechDraw ExtensionDrawCosmCircle3Points
TechDraw ExtensionExtendLine
TechDraw ExtensionHoleCircle
TechDraw ExtensionIncreaseDecimal
TechDraw ExtensionInsertDiameter
TechDraw ExtensionInsertSquare
TechDraw ExtensionLineParallel
TechDraw ExtensionLinePerpendicular
TechDraw ExtensionLockUnlockView
TechDraw ExtensionPosHorizChainDimension
TechDraw ExtensionPositionSectionView
TechDraw ExtensionPosObliqueChainDimension
TechDraw ExtensionPosVertChainDimension
TechDraw ExtensionRemovePrefixChar
TechDraw ExtensionSelectLineAttributes
TechDraw ExtensionShortenLine
TechDraw ExtensionThreadBoltBottom
TechDraw ExtensionThreadBoltSide
TechDraw ExtensionThreadHoleBottom
TechDraw ExtensionThreadHoleSide
TechDraw ExtensionVertexAtIntersection
TechDraw FaceCenterLine
TechDraw FillTemplateFields
TechDraw General Examples
TechDraw Geometric dimensioning and tolerancing
TechDraw GeometricHatch
TechDraw Hatch
TechDraw Hatching
TechDraw HoleShaftFit
TechDraw HorizontalDimension
TechDraw HorizontalExtentDimension
TechDraw HowTo Page
TechDraw Image
TechDraw LandmarkDimension
TechDraw LeaderLine
TechDraw LengthDimension
TechDraw LineGroup
TechDraw LinkDimension
TechDraw Midpoints
TechDraw MoveView
TechDraw PageDefault
TechDraw PageTemplate
TechDraw Pitch Circle Tutorial
TechDraw Preferences
TechDraw PrintAll
TechDraw ProjectionGroup
TechDraw ProjectShape
TechDraw Quadrants
TechDraw RadiusDimension
TechDraw RedrawPage
TechDraw RichTextAnnotation
TechDraw Section Examples
TechDraw SectionView
TechDraw ShareView
TechDraw ShowAll
TechDraw SpreadsheetView
TechDraw StackBottom
TechDraw StackDown
TechDraw StackTop
TechDraw StackUp
TechDraw SurfaceFinishSymbol
TechDraw Symbol
TechDraw TemplateGenerator
TechDraw TemplateHowTo
TechDraw Templates
TechDraw ToggleFrame
TechDraw VerticalDimension
TechDraw VerticalExtentDimension
TechDraw View
TechDraw WeldSymbol
TechDraw Workbench
TechDrawGui API
Testing
The FreeCAD source code
Third Party Libraries
Third Party Tools
Thread for Screw Tutorial
ThreadProfile Workbench
Timber Workbench
Toothbrush Head Stand
Topological data scripting
Topological naming problem
TopoShape API
Tracker
Transient FEM analysis
Translating an external workbench
Transportation Workbench
Tree view
Tutorial custom placing of windows and doors
Tutorial for open windows
Tutorial FreeCAD POV ray
Tutorial KinematicAssembly
Tutorial KinematicController
Tutorial KinematicSkeleton
Tutorial Render with Blender
Tutorials
Ubuntu Snap
Units
User hub
Vector API
Video tutorials
Video tutorials for architectural design
Video tutorials for product design
View Measure Clear All
View Measure Toggle All
ViewObject API
Viewprovider
VRML Preparation for Robot Simulation
Web BrowserBack
Web BrowserNext
Web BrowserRefresh
Web BrowserSetURL
Web BrowserStop
Web BrowserZoomIn
Web BrowserZoomOut
Web OpenWebsite
Web Workbench
WebTools BimServer
WebTools Git
WebTools Sketchfab
WebTools Workbench
Which workbench should I choose
Whiffle Ball tutorial
Wikihouse porting tutorial
WikiPages
WikiRobots
Windows packaging
Wood Frame Workbench
Workarounds
Workbench creation
Workbenches
Workfeature Workbench
Wrapping a Cplusplus class in Python
Language
aa - Qafár af
ab - аԥсшәа
abs - bahasa ambon
ace - Acèh
ady - адыгабзэ
ady-cyrl - адыгабзэ
aeb - تونسي / Tûnsî
aeb-arab - تونسي
aeb-latn - Tûnsî
af - Afrikaans
ak - Akan
aln - Gegë
alt - алтай тил
am - አማርኛ
ami - Pangcah
an - aragonés
ang - Ænglisc
ann - Obolo
anp - अंगिका
ar - العربية
arc - ܐܪܡܝܐ
arn - mapudungun
arq - جازايرية
ary - الدارجة
arz - مصرى
as - অসমীয়া
ase - American sign language
ast - asturianu
atj - Atikamekw
av - авар
avk - Kotava
awa - अवधी
ay - Aymar aru
az - azərbaycanca
azb - تۆرکجه
ba - башҡортса
ban - Basa Bali
ban-bali - ᬩᬲᬩᬮᬶ
bar - Boarisch
bbc - Batak Toba
bbc-latn - Batak Toba
bcc - جهلسری بلوچی
bci - wawle
bcl - Bikol Central
be - беларуская
be-tarask - беларуская (тарашкевіца)
bg - български
bgn - روچ کپتین بلوچی
bh - भोजपुरी
bho - भोजपुरी
bi - Bislama
bjn - Banjar
blk - ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ
bm - bamanankan
bn - বাংলা
bo - བོད་ཡིག
bpy - বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী
bqi - بختیاری
br - brezhoneg
brh - Bráhuí
bs - bosanski
btm - Batak Mandailing
bto - Iriga Bicolano
bug - ᨅᨔ ᨕᨘᨁᨗ
bxr - буряад
ca - català
cbk-zam - Chavacano de Zamboanga
cdo - 閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄
ce - нохчийн
ceb - Cebuano
ch - Chamoru
cho - Chahta Anumpa
chr - ᏣᎳᎩ
chy - Tsetsêhestâhese
ckb - کوردی
co - corsu
cps - Capiceño
cr - Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ
crh - qırımtatarca
crh-cyrl - къырымтатарджа (Кирилл)
crh-latn - qırımtatarca (Latin)
cs - čeština
csb - kaszëbsczi
cu - словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ
cv - чӑвашла
cy - Cymraeg
da - dansk
dag - dagbanli
de - Deutsch
de-at - Österreichisches Deutsch
de-ch - Schweizer Hochdeutsch
de-formal - Deutsch (Sie-Form)
dga - Dagaare
din - Thuɔŋjäŋ
diq - Zazaki
dsb - dolnoserbski
dtp - Dusun Bundu-liwan
dty - डोटेली
dv - ދިވެހިބަސް
dz - ཇོང་ཁ
ee - eʋegbe
egl - Emiliàn
el - Ελληνικά
eml - emiliàn e rumagnòl
en - English
en-ca - Canadian English
en-gb - British English
eo - Esperanto
es - español
es-419 - español de América Latina
es-formal - español (formal)
et - eesti
eu - euskara
ext - estremeñu
fa - فارسی
fat - mfantse
ff - Fulfulde
fi - suomi
fit - meänkieli
fj - Na Vosa Vakaviti
fo - føroyskt
fon - fɔ̀ngbè
fr - français
frc - français cadien
frp - arpetan
frr - Nordfriisk
fur - furlan
fy - Frysk
ga - Gaeilge
gaa - Ga
gag - Gagauz
gan - 贛語
gan-hans - 赣语(简体)
gan-hant - 贛語(繁體)
gcr - kriyòl gwiyannen
gd - Gàidhlig
gl - galego
gld - на̄ни
glk - گیلکی
gn - Avañe'ẽ
gom - गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni
gom-deva - गोंयची कोंकणी
gom-latn - Gõychi Konknni
gor - Bahasa Hulontalo
got - 𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺
gpe - Ghanaian Pidgin
grc - Ἀρχαία ἑλληνικὴ
gsw - Alemannisch
gu - ગુજરાતી
guc - wayuunaiki
gur - farefare
guw - gungbe
gv - Gaelg
ha - Hausa
hak - 客家語/Hak-kâ-ngî
haw - Hawaiʻi
he - עברית
hi - हिन्दी
hif - Fiji Hindi
hif-latn - Fiji Hindi
hil - Ilonggo
ho - Hiri Motu
hr - hrvatski
hrx - Hunsrik
hsb - hornjoserbsce
hsn - 湘语
ht - Kreyòl ayisyen
hu - magyar
hu-formal - magyar (formal)
hy - հայերեն
hyw - Արեւմտահայերէն
hz - Otsiherero
ia - interlingua
id - Bahasa Indonesia
ie - Interlingue
ig - Igbo
igl - Igala
ii - ꆇꉙ
ik - Iñupiatun
ike-cans - ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ
ike-latn - inuktitut
ilo - Ilokano
inh - гӀалгӀай
io - Ido
is - íslenska
it - italiano
iu - ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut
ja - 日本語
jam - Patois
jbo - la .lojban.
jut - jysk
jv - Jawa
ka - ქართული
kaa - Qaraqalpaqsha
kab - Taqbaylit
kbd - адыгэбзэ
kbd-cyrl - адыгэбзэ
kbp - Kabɩyɛ
kcg - Tyap
kea - kabuverdianu
kg - Kongo
khw - کھوار
ki - Gĩkũyũ
kiu - Kırmancki
kj - Kwanyama
kjh - хакас
kjp - ဖၠုံလိက်
kk - қазақша
kk-arab - قازاقشا (تٴوتە)
kk-cn - قازاقشا (جۇنگو)
kk-cyrl - қазақша (кирил)
kk-kz - қазақша (Қазақстан)
kk-latn - qazaqşa (latın)
kk-tr - qazaqşa (Türkïya)
kl - kalaallisut
km - ភាសាខ្មែរ
kn - ಕನ್ನಡ
ko - 한국어
ko-kp - 조선말
koi - перем коми
kr - kanuri
krc - къарачай-малкъар
kri - Krio
krj - Kinaray-a
krl - karjal
ks - कॉशुर / کٲشُر
ks-arab - کٲشُر
ks-deva - कॉशुर
ksh - Ripoarisch
ksw - စှီၤ
ku - kurdî
ku-arab - كوردي (عەرەبی)
ku-latn - kurdî (latînî)
kum - къумукъ
kus - Kʋsaal
kv - коми
kw - kernowek
ky - кыргызча
la - Latina
lad - Ladino
lb - Lëtzebuergesch
lbe - лакку
lez - лезги
lfn - Lingua Franca Nova
lg - Luganda
li - Limburgs
lij - Ligure
liv - Līvõ kēļ
lki - لەکی
lld - Ladin
lmo - lombard
ln - lingála
lo - ລາວ
loz - Silozi
lrc - لۊری شومالی
lt - lietuvių
ltg - latgaļu
lus - Mizo ţawng
luz - لئری دوٙمینی
lv - latviešu
lzh - 文言
lzz - Lazuri
mad - Madhurâ
mag - मगही
mai - मैथिली
map-bms - Basa Banyumasan
mdf - мокшень
mg - Malagasy
mh - Ebon
mhr - олык марий
mi - Māori
min - Minangkabau
mk - македонски
ml - മലയാളം
mn - монгол
mni - ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ
mnw - ဘာသာ မန်
mo - молдовеняскэ
mos - moore
mr - मराठी
mrh - Mara
mrj - кырык мары
ms - Bahasa Melayu
ms-arab - بهاس ملايو
mt - Malti
mus - Mvskoke
mwl - Mirandés
my - မြန်မာဘာသာ
myv - эрзянь
mzn - مازِرونی
na - Dorerin Naoero
nah - Nāhuatl
nan - Bân-lâm-gú
nap - Napulitano
nb - norsk bokmål
nds - Plattdüütsch
nds-nl - Nedersaksies
ne - नेपाली
new - नेपाल भाषा
ng - Oshiwambo
nia - Li Niha
niu - Niuē
nl - Nederlands
nl-informal - Nederlands (informeel)
nmz - nawdm
nn - norsk nynorsk
no - norsk
nod - ᨣᩤᩴᨾᩮᩬᩥᨦ
nog - ногайша
nov - Novial
nqo - ߒߞߏ
nrm - Nouormand
nso - Sesotho sa Leboa
nv - Diné bizaad
ny - Chi-Chewa
nyn - runyankore
nys - Nyunga
oc - occitan
ojb - Ojibwemowin
olo - livvinkarjala
om - Oromoo
or - ଓଡ଼ିଆ
os - ирон
pa - ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
pag - Pangasinan
pam - Kapampangan
pap - Papiamentu
pcd - Picard
pcm - Naijá
pdc - Deitsch
pdt - Plautdietsch
pfl - Pälzisch
pi - पालि
pih - Norfuk / Pitkern
pl - polski
pms - Piemontèis
pnb - پنجابی
pnt - Ποντιακά
prg - prūsiskan
ps - پښتو
pt - português
pt-br - português do Brasil
pwn - pinayuanan
qqq - Message documentation
qu - Runa Simi
qug - Runa shimi
rgn - Rumagnôl
rif - Tarifit
rki - ရခိုင်
rm - rumantsch
rmc - romaňi čhib
rmy - romani čhib
rn - ikirundi
ro - română
roa-tara - tarandíne
rsk - руски
ru - русский
rue - русиньскый
rup - armãneashti
ruq - Vlăheşte
ruq-cyrl - Влахесте
ruq-latn - Vlăheşte
rw - Ikinyarwanda
ryu - うちなーぐち
sa - संस्कृतम्
sah - саха тыла
sat - ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ
sc - sardu
scn - sicilianu
sco - Scots
sd - سنڌي
sdc - Sassaresu
sdh - کوردی خوارگ
se - davvisámegiella
se-fi - davvisámegiella (Suoma bealde)
se-no - davvisámegiella (Norgga bealde)
se-se - davvisámegiella (Ruoŧa bealde)
sei - Cmique Itom
ses - Koyraboro Senni
sg - Sängö
sgs - žemaitėška
sh - srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
sh-cyrl - српскохрватски (ћирилица)
sh-latn - srpskohrvatski (latinica)
shi - Taclḥit
shi-latn - Taclḥit
shi-tfng - ⵜⴰⵛⵍⵃⵉⵜ
shn - ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး
shy - tacawit
shy-latn - tacawit
si - සිංහල
simple - Simple English
sjd - кӣллт са̄мь кӣлл
sje - bidumsámegiella
sk - slovenčina
skr - سرائیکی
skr-arab - سرائیکی
sl - slovenščina
sli - Schläsch
sm - Gagana Samoa
sma - åarjelsaemien
smn - anarâškielâ
sms - nuõrttsääʹmǩiõll
sn - chiShona
so - Soomaaliga
sq - shqip
sr - српски / srpski
sr-ec - српски (ћирилица)
sr-el - srpski (latinica)
srn - Sranantongo
sro - sardu campidanesu
ss - SiSwati
st - Sesotho
stq - Seeltersk
sty - себертатар
su - Sunda
sv - svenska
sw - Kiswahili
syl - ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ
szl - ślůnski
szy - Sakizaya
ta - தமிழ்
tay - Tayal
tcy - ತುಳು
tdd - ᥖᥭᥰᥖᥬᥳᥑᥨᥒᥰ
te - తెలుగు
tet - tetun
tg - тоҷикӣ
tg-cyrl - тоҷикӣ
tg-latn - tojikī
th - ไทย
ti - ትግርኛ
tk - Türkmençe
tl - Tagalog
tly - tolışi
tly-cyrl - толыши
tn - Setswana
to - lea faka-Tonga
tok - toki pona
tpi - Tok Pisin
tr - Türkçe
tru - Ṫuroyo
trv - Seediq
ts - Xitsonga
tt - татарча / tatarça
tt-cyrl - татарча
tt-latn - tatarça
tum - chiTumbuka
tw - Twi
ty - reo tahiti
tyv - тыва дыл
tzm - ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ
udm - удмурт
ug - ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche
ug-arab - ئۇيغۇرچە
ug-latn - Uyghurche
uk - українська
ur - اردو
uz - oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча
uz-cyrl - ўзбекча
uz-latn - oʻzbekcha
ve - Tshivenda
vec - vèneto
vep - vepsän kel’
vi - Tiếng Việt
vls - West-Vlams
vmf - Mainfränkisch
vmw - emakhuwa
vo - Volapük
vot - Vaďďa
vro - võro
wa - walon
wal - wolaytta
war - Winaray
wls - Fakaʻuvea
wo - Wolof
wuu - 吴语
xal - хальмг
xh - isiXhosa
xmf - მარგალური
xsy - saisiyat
yi - ייִדיש
yo - Yorùbá
yrl - Nhẽẽgatú
yue - 粵語
za - Vahcuengh
zea - Zeêuws
zgh - ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ
zh - 中文
zh-cn - 中文(中国大陆)
zh-hans - 中文(简体)
zh-hant - 中文(繁體)
zh-hk - 中文(香港)
zh-mo - 中文(澳門)
zh-my - 中文(马来西亚)
zh-sg - 中文(新加坡)
zh-tw - 中文(臺灣)
zu - isiZulu
Format
Export for off-line translation
Export in native format
Export in CSV format
Fetch
{{DISPLAYTITLE:Programare script pentru piese}}<languages/> {{Docnav |[[Part_scripting|Part scripting]] |[[Scripted_objects|Scripted objects]] }} {{TOCright}} <span id="Introduction"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> == Introducere == Aici vă vom explica cum să controlați [[Part Workbench]] direct de la interpretorul FreeCAD Python sau de la orice script extern. Elementele de bază despre programarea script datelor topologice sunt descrise în [[Part_Workbench#Explaining_the_concepts|Part Module Explaining the concepts]]. fiți siguri că a-ți răsfoit secțiunea [[Scripting]] și paginile [[FreeCAD Scripting Basics]] dacă aveți nevoie de mai multe informații despre cum funcționaează programarea python in FreeCAD. </div> Here we will explain to you how to control the [[Part_Workbench|Part]] module directly from the FreeCAD Python interpreter, or from any external script. Be sure to browse the [[Scripting]] section and the [[FreeCAD_Scripting_Basics|FreeCAD Scripting Basics]] pages if you need more information about how Python scripting works in FreeCAD. If you are new to Python, it is a good idea to first read the [[Introduction_to_Python|Introduction to Python]]. ===See also=== * [[Part_scripting|Part scripting]] * [[OpenCASCADE|OpenCASCADE]] <span id="Class_diagram"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> === Class Diagram === Aceasta [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language Unified Modeling Language (UML)] o trecere în revistă a celor mai importante clase a modului Piese: [[Image:Part_Classes.jpg|center|Python classes of the Part module]] </div> This is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language Unified Modeling Language (UML)] overview of the most important classes of the Part module: [[Image:Part_Classes.jpg|Python classes of the Part module]] {{Top}} <span id="Geometry"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> === Geometrie === Obiectele geometrice reprezintă blocul de construcție al tuturor obiectelor topologice: * '''Geom''' Clasă de bază a obiectelor geometrice * '''Line''' o linie dreaptă în 3D, definită de punctul de plecare și de cel de sosire * '''Circle''' Cerc sau arc de cerc definit prin centru și punctele de start și de finiș * '''......''' Și în curând mai multe </div> The geometric objects are the building blocks of all topological objects: * '''Geom''' Base class of the geometric objects. * '''Line''' A straight line in 3D, defined by starting point and end point. * '''Circle''' Circle or circle segment defined by a center point and start and end point. * Etc. {{Top}} <span id="Topology"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> === Topologie === Următoarele date topologice sunt disponibile: * '''Compound''' Un grup al oricărui tip de obiect topologic. * '''Compsolid''' Un solid compozit este un set de solide conectate prin fațetele lor. Extinde noțiunile de WIRE și SHELL la solide. * '''Solid''' O partea a spațiului limitată de cochilii. Are trei dimensiuni * '''Shell''' Un set da fațete conectate prin muchiile lor. O cochilie poate fi deschisă sau închisă. * '''Face''' In 2D este o parte a unui plan; in 3D este o parte a unei suprafețe. Geometria sa este constrânsă(tăiată) de contururi. Este bidimensională. * '''Wire''' Un set de margini conectate prin vârfurile lor. Poate fi un contur deschis sau închis, în funcție de faptul dacă marginile sunt legate sau nu. * '''Edge''' Un element topologic corespunzător unei curbe reținute. O margine este în general limitată de vârfuri. Este unidimensională. * '''Vertex''' Un element topologic corespunzător unui punct. Are dimensiune zero. * '''Shape''' Un termen generic care acoperă toate cele de mai sus. </div> The following topological data types are available: * '''Compound''' A group of any type of topological objects. * '''Compsolid''' A composite solid is a set of solids connected by their faces. It expands the notions of WIRE and SHELL to solids. * '''Solid''' A part of space limited by shells. It is three dimensional. * '''Shell''' A set of faces connected by their edges. A shell can be open or closed. * '''Face''' In 2D it is part of a plane; in 3D it is part of a surface. Its geometry is constrained (trimmed) by contours. It is two dimensional. * '''Wire''' A set of edges connected by their vertices. It can be an open or closed contour depending on whether the edges are linked or not. * '''Edge''' A topological element corresponding to a restrained curve. An edge is generally limited by vertices. It has one dimension. * '''Vertex''' A topological element corresponding to a point. It has zero dimension. * '''Shape''' A generic term covering all of the above. {{Top}} <span id="Example:_Create_simple_topology"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> ===Exemplul rapid: crearea unei topologii simple=== </div> [[Image:Wire.png|Wire]] <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Acum vom crea o topologie construind-o din geometrie mai simplă. Ca studiu de caz, folosim o parte din imaginea din care face parte patru vârfuri, două cercuri și două linii. </div> {{Top}} <span id="Create_geometry"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> ==== Crearea Geometriei ==== Mai întâi trebuie să creăm părțile geometrice distincte ale acestui fir. Și trebuie să avem grijă de vârfurile părților geometrice se se afle în aceeași poziție. Altfel, mai târziu, s-ar putea să nu fim capabil să conectăm părțile geometrice la o topologie! </div> First we create the distinct geometric parts of this wire. Making sure that parts that have to be connected later share the same vertices. <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Așa creăm primul dintre puncte: </div> {{Code|code= import FreeCAD as App import Part V1 = App.Vector(0, 10, 0) V2 = App.Vector(30, 10, 0) V3 = App.Vector(30, -10, 0) V4 = App.Vector(0, -10, 0) }} {{Top}} <span id="Arc"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> ==== Arc ==== </div> [[Image:Circel.png|Circle]] <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Pentru a crea un arc de cerc vom face un punct ca reper și vom crea arcul de cerc prin trei puncte: </div> {{Code|code= VC1 = App.Vector(-10, 0, 0) C1 = Part.Arc(V1, VC1, V4) VC2 = App.Vector(40, 0, 0) C2 = Part.Arc(V2, VC2, V3) }} {{Top}} <span id="Line"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> ==== Linie ==== </div> [[Image:Line.png|Line]] <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Segmentul de linie poate fi creat foarte simplu din punctele: </div> {{Code|code= L1 = Part.LineSegment(V1, V2) L2 = Part.LineSegment(V3, V4) }} {{Top}} <span id="Put_it_all_together"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> ==== Punem totul laolaltă ==== Ultimul pas este de a conecta elementele geometrice de bază împreună într-o forma topologică: </div> The last step is to put the geometric base elements together and bake a topological shape: {{Code|code= S1 = Part.Shape([C1, L1, C2, L2]) }} {{Top}} <span id="Make_a_prism"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> ==== Facem o prismă ==== Acum extrudem firul într-o direcție și facem o formă 3D : </div> Now extrude the wire in a direction and make an actual 3D shape: {{Code|code= W = Part.Wire(S1.Edges) P = W.extrude(App.Vector(0, 0, 10)) }} {{Top}} <span id="Show_it_all"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> ==== Afișăm totul ==== </div> {{Code|code= Part.show(P) }} {{Top}} <span id="Create_basic_shapes"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> == Crearea formelor de bază == Puteți crea cu ușurință obiecte topologice de bază cu ajutorul funcției "Make ... ()" metode de la modulul Part: </div> You can easily create basic topological objects with the {{incode|make...()}} methods from the Part module: {{Code|code= b = Part.makeBox(100, 100, 100) Part.show(b) }} <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Câteva metode disponibile de make...() : * '''makeBox(l,w,h)''': Construirea unui paralelipiped localizat în punctul p orientat în direcția d având dimensiunile (l,w,h) * '''makeCircle(radius)''': Construirea cercului cu o rază dată * '''makeCone(radius1,radius2,height)''': Construirea unui con cu (raza1,raza2,înălțime) * '''makeCylinder(radius,height)''': Construirea unui cilindru cunoscând raza și înălțimea. * '''makeLine((x1,y1,z1),(x2,y2,z2))''': Construirea unei linii între 2 puncte * '''makePlane(length,width)''': construirea unui plan cunoscând lungimea și lățimea * '''makePolygon(list)''': construirea unui poligon având o listă de puncte * '''makeSphere(radius)''': Construirea unei sfere de rază dată * '''makeTorus(radius1,radius2)''': construirea unui torus cuoscând raza 1 și raza 2 Vezi pagina [[Part API]] pentru o listă completa a metodelor disponibile în modulul Part. </div> {{Top}} <span id="Import_modules"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> ==== Importare modulelor necesare ==== Mai întâi trebuie să importăm modulul Part astfel încât să putem folosi conținutul său în Python. De asemenea, vom importa modulul Base din interiorul modulului FreeCAD: </div> First we need to import the FreeCAD and Part modules so we can use their contents in Python: {{Code|code= import FreeCAD as App import Part }} {{Top}} <span id="Create_a_vector"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> ==== Crearea unui Vector ==== [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclidean_vector Vectors]sunt una dintre cele mai importante piese de informații când construim forme geometrice. Acestea conțin 3 numere de obicei (dar nu este obligatoriu întotdeauna) coordonatele carteziene x, y și z. Creați un vector ca acesta: </div> [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclidean_vector Vectors] are one of the most important pieces of information when building shapes. They usually contain three numbers (but not necessarily always): the X, Y and Z cartesian coordinates. You create a vector like this: {{Code|code= myVector = App.Vector(3, 2, 0) }} <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Tocmai am creat un vector la coordonatele x = 3, y = 2, z = 0. În modulul Part, vectorii sunt folosiți peste tot. Formele de Piese utilizează de asemenea un alt tip de punct reprezentare, numită Vertex, care nu este nimic altceva decât un container pentru un vector. Accesați vectorul unui vârf ca acesta: </div> {{Code|code= myVertex = myShape.Vertexes[0] print(myVertex.Point) > Vector (3, 2, 0) }} {{Top}} <span id="Create_an_edge"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> ==== Crearea unei muchii ==== O margine nu este altceva decât o linie cu două vârfuri: </div> An edge is nothing but a line with two vertices: {{Code|code= edge = Part.makeLine((0, 0, 0), (10, 0, 0)) edge.Vertexes > [<Vertex object at 01877430>, <Vertex object at 014888E0>] }} Notă: De asemenea, puteți crea o margine definită de doi vectori: {{Code|code= vec1 = App.Vector(0, 0, 0) vec2 = App.Vector(10, 0, 0) line = Part.LineSegment(vec1, vec2) edge = line.toShape() }} Puteți găsi lungimea și centrul unei muchii astfel: {{Code|code= edge.Length > 10.0 edge.CenterOfMass > Vector (5, 0, 0) }} {{Top}} <span id="Put_the_shape_on_screen"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> ==== Afișarea formei pe ecran ==== Până acum, am creat un obiect de margine, dar nu apare nicăieri pe ecran. Acest lucru se datorează faptului că doar am manipulat obiectele de tip python aici. Scena 3D FreeCAD afișează doar ceea ce îi spui să afișeze. Pentru a face acest lucru, folosim acest lucru simplu Pentru a realiza asta, utilizăm această metodă simplă: </div> So far we created an edge object, but it doesn't appear anywhere on the screen. This is because the FreeCAD 3D scene only displays what you tell it to display. To do that, we use this simple method: {{Code|code= Part.show(edge) }} <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Un obiect va fi creat în documentul nostru FreeCAD, și forma noastră "muchie" va fi atribuită. Utilizați acest lucru când este timpul să vă afișați creație pe ecran. </div> {{Top}} <span id="Create_a_wire"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> ==== Crearea unui fir/contur/polilinie ==== Un fir este o linie multi-margine și poate fi creat dintr-o listă de margini sau chiar o listă de fire: </div> A wire is a multi-edge line and can be created from a list of edges or even a list of wires: {{Code|code= edge1 = Part.makeLine((0, 0, 0), (10, 0, 0)) edge2 = Part.makeLine((10, 0, 0), (10, 10, 0)) wire1 = Part.Wire([edge1, edge2]) edge3 = Part.makeLine((10, 10, 0), (0, 10, 0)) edge4 = Part.makeLine((0, 10, 0), (0, 0, 0)) wire2 = Part.Wire([edge3, edge4]) wire3 = Part.Wire([wire1, wire2]) wire3.Edges > [<Edge object at 016695F8>, <Edge object at 0197AED8>, <Edge object at 01828B20>, <Edge object at 0190A788>] Part.show(wire3) }} <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Part.show(wire3) va afișa cele 4 margini care compun firul/polilinia noastră. alte informațiile utile pot fi ușor recuperate: </div> {{Code|code= wire3.Length > 40.0 wire3.CenterOfMass > Vector (5, 5, 0) wire3.isClosed() > True wire2.isClosed() > False }} {{Top}} <span id="Create_a_face"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> ==== Crearea unei Fațete ==== Doar fațetele create de firele/poliliniile închise vor fi valide. În acest exemplu, wire3 este un contur închis dar wire2 nu este un contur închis(vezi mai sus) </div> Only faces created from closed wires will be valid. In this example, wire3 is a closed wire but wire2 is not (see above): {{Code|code= face = Part.Face(wire3) face.Area > 99.99999999999999 face.CenterOfMass > Vector (5, 5, 0) face.Length > 40.0 face.isValid() > True sface = Part.Face(wire2) sface.isValid() > False }} <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Numai fațetele vor avea o arie, poliliniile și muchiile nu posedă așa ceva. </div> {{Top}} <span id="Create_a_circle"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> ==== Crearea unui Cerc ==== Un cerc poate fi creat pur și simplu astfel: </div> A circle can be created like this: {{Code|code= circle = Part.makeCircle(10) circle.Curve > Circle (Radius : 10, Position : (0, 0, 0), Direction : (0, 0, 1)) }} <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Dacă vreți să îl creați la o anumită poziție și într-o anumită direcție: </div> {{Code|code= ccircle = Part.makeCircle(10, App.Vector(10, 0, 0), App.Vector(1, 0, 0)) ccircle.Curve > Circle (Radius : 10, Position : (10, 0, 0), Direction : (1, 0, 0)) }} <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> cercul va fi creat la distanța 10 unități de la axa x și va fi orientat spre axa x. Notă: makeCircle acceptă numai Base.Vector () pentru poziție și normal, dar nu tuple. Puteți, de asemenea, să creați o parte a cercului dând unghiul de pornire și unghiul de capăt ca de exemplu: </div> {{Code|code= from math import pi arc1 = Part.makeCircle(10, App.Vector(0, 0, 0), App.Vector(0, 0, 1), 0, 180) arc2 = Part.makeCircle(10, App.Vector(0, 0, 0), App.Vector(0, 0, 1), 180, 360) }} <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Ambele atât arc1 cât și arc2 vor face un cerc. Trebuie introduse unghiuri în grade, dacă aveți radiani pur și simplu le convertiți folosind formula: grade = radiani * 180 / PI sau folosind modulul matematic al lui python (după importul efectuat matematica, desigur): </div> {{Code|code= import math degrees = math.degrees(radians) }} {{Top}} <span id="Create_an_arc_along_points"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> ==== Crearea unui Arc de-a lungul punctelor ==== Din păcate, nu există nicio funcție makeArc, dar avem funcția Part.Arc pentru a crea un arc de-a lungul a trei puncte. Practic, putem să ne imaginăm un arc de cerc atașat la un punct de plecare, trecând printr-un punct central și terminându-se într-un punct final. Part.Arc creează un obiect arc pe care .toShape() trebuie apelat pentru a obține un obiect muchie, în același mod ca atunci când utilizați Part.LineSegment în loc de Part.makeLine. </div> Unfortunately there is no {{incode|makeArc()}} function, but we have the {{incode|Part.Arc()}} function to create an arc through three points. It creates an arc object joining the start point to the end point through the middle point. The arc object's {{incode|toShape()}} function must be called to get an edge object, the same as when using {{incode|Part.LineSegment}} instead of {{incode|Part.makeLine}}. {{Code|code= arc = Part.Arc(App.Vector(0, 0, 0), App.Vector(0, 5, 0), App.Vector(5, 5, 0)) arc > <Arc object> arc_edge = arc.toShape() Part.show(arc_edge) }} <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Arc only accepts Base.Vector() for points but not tuples. arc_edge is what we want which we can display using Part.show(arc_edge). You can also obtain an arc by using a portion of a circle: </div> {{Code|code= from math import pi circle = Part.Circle(App.Vector(0, 0, 0), App.Vector(0, 0, 1), 10) arc = Part.Arc(circle,0,pi) }} <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Arcurile sunt muchii valide, ca liniile. Deci, ele pot fi folosite și în polilinii/contururi/fire. </div> {{Top}} <span id="Create_a_polygon"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> ==== Crearea unui poligon ==== Un poligon este o polilinie simplă cu multiple segemente de linii drepte. funcția makePolygon ia o listă de puncte și creează o polilinie de-a lungul acestor puncte: </div> A polygon is simply a wire with multiple straight edges. The {{incode|makePolygon()}} function takes a list of points and creates a wire through those points: {{Code|code= lshape_wire = Part.makePolygon([App.Vector(0, 5, 0), App.Vector(0, 0, 0), App.Vector(5, 0, 0)]) }} {{Top}} <span id="Create_a_Bézier_curve"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> ==== Crearea unei curbe Bezier ==== Curbele Bézier sunt folosite pentru a modela curbele netede folosind o serie de repere (puncte de control) și cu un numar mare de reprezentari la precizie (fluiditatea curbei). Funcția de mai jos face Part.BezierCurve dintr-o serie de puncte FreeCAD.Vector. (Notă: indicele primului reper începe de la 1, și nu de la 0.) </div> Bézier curves are used to model smooth curves using a series of poles (points) and optional weights. The function below makes a {{incode|Part.BezierCurve()}} from a series of {{incode|FreeCAD.Vector()}} points. Note: when "getting" and "setting" a single pole or weight, indices start at 1, not 0. {{Code|code= def makeBCurveEdge(Points): geomCurve = Part.BezierCurve() geomCurve.setPoles(Points) edge = Part.Edge(geomCurve) return(edge) }} {{Top}} <span id="Create_a_plane"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> ==== Crearea unui Plan ==== A Plane este o suprafață simplă rectangulară. Meteoda pentru crearea unuia este aceasta: '''makePlane(length,width,[start_pnt,dir_normal])'''. Implicit start_pnt = Vector(0,0,0) and dir_normal = Vector(0,0,1). Utilizând dir_normal = Vector(0,0,1) va crea un plan pe axa z, în timp ce dir_normal = Vector(1,0,0) va crea planul pe axa x: </div> A Plane is a flat rectangular surface. The method used to create one is {{incode|makePlane(length, width, [start_pnt, dir_normal])}}. By default start_pnt = Vector(0, 0, 0) and dir_normal = Vector(0, 0, 1). Using dir_normal = Vector(0, 0, 1) will create the plane facing in the positive Z axis direction, while dir_normal = Vector(1, 0, 0) will create the plane facing in the positive X axis direction: {{Code|code= plane = Part.makePlane(2, 2) plane > <Face object at 028AF990> plane = Part.makePlane(2, 2, App.Vector(3, 0, 0), App.Vector(0, 1, 0)) plane.BoundBox > BoundBox (3, 0, 0, 5, 0, 2) }} <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> BoundBox este un cuboid care înconjoară planul cu o diagonală începând de la (3.0.0) și se termină la (5.0.2). Aici grosimea BoundBox în axa y este zero, deoarece forma noastră este complet plană. </div> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Notă: makePlane acceptă doar Base.Vector() pentru start_pnt and dir_normal dar nu și tuplele </div> {{Top}} <span id="Create_an_ellipse"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> ==== Crearea unei elipse ==== Pentru a crea o elipsă sunt mai multe căi: </div> There are several ways to create an ellipse: {{Code|code= Part.Ellipse() }} <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Crează o elipsă cu raza mare 2 și cu raza mică 1 cu centrul în (0,0,0) </div> {{Code|code= Part.Ellipse(Ellipse) }} <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Creațo p copie a elipsei date </div> {{Code|code= Part.Ellipse(S1, S2, Center) }} <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Creează o elipsă centrat pe punctul central, unde planul elipsa este definită de Centrul, S1 și S2, axa sa principală este definită de Centru și S1, semiaxa sa majoră este distanța dintre centrul și S1, iar semiaxa sa minoră este distanța dintre S2 și axa principală. </div> {{Code|code= Part.Ellipse(Center, MajorRadius, MinorRadius) }} <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Creează o elipsă cu semiaxa majoră și cu o semiaxă minoră MajorRadius and MinorRadius, și localizată în planul definit de către Center și normala (0,0,1) </div> {{Code|code= eli = Part.Ellipse(App.Vector(10, 0, 0), App.Vector(0, 5, 0), App.Vector(0, 0, 0)) Part.show(eli.toShape()) }} <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> În codul de mai sus am trecut S1, S2 și centrul. În mod similar cu Arc, Ellipse creează, de asemenea, un obiect de elipsă, dar nu margine, așa că trebuie să convertiți-l în margine folosind toShape () pentru afișare. </div> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Notă: Doar Arc aceptă Base.Vector() pentru puncte dar nu pentru tuple </div> {{Code|code= eli = Part.Ellipse(App.Vector(0, 0, 0), 10, 5) Part.show(eli.toShape()) }} <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> pentru constructorul Ellipse de mai sus am trecut centrul, MajorRadius and MinorRadius </div> {{Top}} <span id="Create_a_torus"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> ==== Crearea unui Tor ==== Folosind metoda '''makeTorus(radius1,radius2,[pnt,dir,angle1,angle2,angle])'''. Implicit avem pnt=Vector(0,0,0),dir=Vector(0,0,1),angle1=0,angle2=360 and angle=360. Considerați un tor ca pe un mic cerca care baliază de-a lungul unu cerc mare. Radius1 este raza cercului mare , iar radius2 este raza cercului mic, pnt este centrul torului și dir este direcția normalei. angle1 and angle2 sunt unghiurile în radiani pentru cercul mic, ultimul parametru -unghiul este pentru a face o secțiune în tor: </div> Using {{incode|makeTorus(radius1, radius2, [pnt, dir, angle1, angle2, angle])}}. By default pnt = Vector(0, 0, 0), dir = Vector(0, 0, 1), angle1 = 0, angle2 = 360 and angle = 360. Consider a torus as small circle sweeping along a big circle. Radius1 is the radius of the big circle, radius2 is the radius of the small circle, pnt is the center of the torus and dir is the normal direction. angle1 and angle2 are angles in degrees for the small circle; the last angle parameter is to make a section of the torus: {{Code|code= torus = Part.makeTorus(10, 2) }} <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Codul de deasupra va crea un tor cu diametrul 20(raza 10) și grosimea 4 (raza cercului mic 2) </div> {{Code|code= tor=Part.makeTorus(10, 5, App.Vector(0, 0, 0), App.Vector(0, 0, 1), 0, 180) }} <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> codul de mai sus va crea o felie de tor </div> {{Code|code= tor=Part.makeTorus(10, 5, App.Vector(0, 0, 0), App.Vector(0, 0, 1), 0, 360, 180) }} <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Codul de mai sus va crea un semtor, numai ultimul parametru este schimbat adică unghiul și unghiurile rămase sunt implicite. Dând unghiul 180 va a crea tor de la 0 la 180, adică un jumătate de tor. </div> {{Top}} <span id="Create_a_box_or_cuboid"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> ==== Crearea unui paralelipiped sau cuboid ==== Utilizând '''makeBox(length,width,height,[pnt,dir])'''. Implicit pnt=Vector(0,0,0) and dir=Vector(0,0,1) </div> Using {{incode|makeBox(length, width, height, [pnt, dir])}}. By default pnt = Vector(0, 0, 0) and dir = Vector(0, 0, 1). {{Code|code= box = Part.makeBox(10, 10, 10) len(box.Vertexes) > 8 }} {{Top}} <span id="Create_a_sphere"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> ==== Crearea unei sfere ==== Utilizând '''makeSphere(radius,[pnt, dir, angle1,angle2,angle3])'''. Implicit avem pnt=Vector(0,0,0), dir=Vector(0,0,1), angle1=-90, angle2=90 and angle3=360. angle1 și angle2 sunt verticala minimă și verticala maximă ale sferei, angle3 diametrul sferei. </div> Using {{incode|makeSphere(radius, [pnt, dir, angle1, angle2, angle3])}}. By default pnt = Vector(0, 0, 0), dir = Vector(0, 0, 1), angle1 = -90, angle2 = 90 and angle3 = 360. Angle1 and angle2 are the vertical minimum and maximum of the sphere, angle3 is the sphere diameter. {{Code|code= sphere = Part.makeSphere(10) hemisphere = Part.makeSphere(10, App.Vector(0, 0, 0), App.Vector(0, 0, 1), -90, 90, 180) }} {{Top}} <span id="Create_a_cylinder"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> ==== Crearea unui cilindru ==== Utilizând '''makeCylinder(radius,height,[pnt,dir,angle])'''. Implicat avem pnt=Vector(0,0,0),dir=Vector(0,0,1) și angle=360 </div> Using {{incode|makeCylinder(radius, height, [pnt, dir, angle])}}. By default pnt = Vector(0, 0, 0), dir = Vector(0, 0, 1) and angle = 360. {{Code|code= cylinder = Part.makeCylinder(5, 20) partCylinder = Part.makeCylinder(5, 20, App.Vector(20, 0, 0), App.Vector(0, 0, 1), 180) }} {{Top}} <span id="Create_a_cone"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> ==== Crearea unui Con ==== Utilizând '''makeCone(radius1,radius2,height,[pnt,dir,angle])'''. Implicit avem pnt=Vector(0,0,0), dir=Vector(0,0,1) and angle=360 </div> Using {{incode|makeCone(radius1, radius2, height, [pnt, dir, angle])}}. By default pnt = Vector(0, 0, 0), dir = Vector(0, 0, 1) and angle = 360. {{Code|code= cone = Part.makeCone(10, 0, 20) semicone = Part.makeCone(10, 0, 20, App.Vector(20, 0, 0), App.Vector(0, 0, 1), 180) }} {{Top}} <span id="Modify_shapes"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> == Modificarea Formelor geometrice == Sunt mai multe moduri de a modifica forme. Unele sunt operații simple de transformare cum ar fi mișcările sau formele rotative, altele sunt mai complexe, cum ar fi unirea și scăderea unei forme de alta. Țineți cont de asta </div> There are several ways to modify shapes. Some are simple transformation operations such as moving or rotating shapes, others are more complex, such as unioning and subtracting one shape from another. {{Top}} <span id="Transform_operations"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> === Operații de Transformare === </div> <span id="Translate_a_shape"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> ==== Translatarea unei forme ==== Translatarea estr de fapt actul de mutarea a unei forme dintr-un loc în altul. Orice formă (muchie, fațetă, cube, etc...) poate fi translată în același mod: </div> Translating is the act of moving a shape from one place to another. Any shape (edge, face, cube, etc...) can be translated the same way: {{Code|code= myShape = Part.makeBox(2, 2, 2) myShape.translate(App.Vector(2, 0, 0)) }} <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Aceasta va muta forma noastră "myShape" 2 unități in direcția x . </div> {{Top}} <span id="Rotate_a_shape"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> ==== Rotația unei forme ==== Pentru a roti o formă, aveți nevoie de uncentru de rotație, axa, și unghiul de rotație: </div> To rotate a shape, you need to specify the rotation center, the axis, and the rotation angle: {{Code|code= myShape.rotate(App.Vector(0, 0, 0),App.Vector(0, 0, 1), 180) }} Codul de mai sus va roti forma cu 180 degrees în jurul axei Z . {{Top}} <span id="Matrix_transformations"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> ==== Transformările generice cu matrici ==== O matrice este o modalitate foarte convenabilă de a stoca transformările în lumea reală 3D. Într-o singură matrice, puteți defini valorile de translația, rotirea și scalarea care trebuie aplicate unui obiect. De exemplu: </div> A matrix is a very convenient way to store transformations in the 3D world. In a single matrix, you can set translation, rotation and scaling values to be applied to an object. For example: {{Code|code= myMat = App.Matrix() myMat.move(App.Vector(2, 0, 0)) myMat.rotateZ(math.pi/2) }} <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Notă: Matricile FreeCAD lucrează în radiani. De altfel, aproape toate operațiile de matrice care iau un vector pot lua de asemenea 3 numere, astfel încât cele două linii fac același lucru: </div> {{Code|code= myMat.move(2, 0, 0) myMat.move(App.Vector(2, 0, 0)) }} <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Atunci când matricea noastră este definită, o putem aplica formei noastre. FreeCAD oferă 2 metode pentru a face acest lucru: transformShape() and transformGeometry(). Diferența este că, cu prima, sunteți siguri că nu vor avea loc deformări (a se vedea "scalarea unei forme" de mai jos). Deci, putem aplica transformarea noastră astfel: </div> {{Code|code= myShape.transformShape(myMat) }} ori {{Code|code= myShape.transformGeometry(myMat) }} {{Top}} <span id="Scale_a_shape"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> ==== Scalarea unei forme geometrice ==== Scalarea unei forme este o operațiune mai periculoasă deoarece, spre deosebire de translație sau rotație, scalarea neuniformă (cu valori diferite pentru x, y și z) poate modifica structura formei. De exemplu, scalarea unui cerc cu o valoare mai mare pe orizontală decât pe verticală îl va transforma într-o elipsă, care se comportă matematic foarte diferit. Pentru scalare, noi nu putem folosi transformShape, trebuie să folosimtransformGeometry(): </div> Scaling a shape is a more dangerous operation because, unlike translation or rotation, scaling non-uniformly (with different values for X, Y and Z) can modify the structure of the shape. For example, scaling a circle with a higher value horizontally than vertically will transform it into an ellipse, which behaves mathematically very differently. For scaling, we cannot use the {{incode|transformShape()}}, we must use {{incode|transformGeometry()}}: {{Code|code= myMat = App.Matrix() myMat.scale(2, 1, 1) myShape=myShape.transformGeometry(myMat) }} {{Top}} <span id="Boolean_operations"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> === Operații Booleene === </div> <span id="Subtraction"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> ==== Subtraction ==== Scăderea unei forme de la alta se numește "tăiat" în jargonul OCC/FreeCAD și se face astfel: </div> Subtracting a shape from another one is called "cut" in FreeCAD and is done like this: {{Code|code= cylinder = Part.makeCylinder(3, 10, App.Vector(0, 0, 0), App.Vector(1, 0, 0)) sphere = Part.makeSphere(5, App.Vector(5, 0, 0)) diff = cylinder.cut(sphere) }} {{Top}} <span id="Intersection"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> ==== Intersection ==== În același mod, intersecția dintre două forme este denumită "comună" și se face pe aici: </div> The same way, the intersection between two shapes is called "common" and is done this way: {{Code|code= cylinder1 = Part.makeCylinder(3, 10, App.Vector(0, 0, 0), App.Vector(1, 0, 0)) cylinder2 = Part.makeCylinder(3, 10, App.Vector(5, 0, -5), App.Vector(0, 0, 1)) common = cylinder1.common(cylinder2) }} {{Top}} <span id="Union"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> ==== Union ==== Unionea este numită "fuse" și lucrează în același mod: </div> Union is called "fuse" and works the same way: {{Code|code= cylinder1 = Part.makeCylinder(3, 10, App.Vector(0, 0, 0), App.Vector(1, 0, 0)) cylinder2 = Part.makeCylinder(3, 10, App.Vector(5, 0, -5), App.Vector(0, 0, 1)) fuse = cylinder1.fuse(cylinder2) }} {{Top}} <span id="Section"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> ==== Section ==== O secțiune este intersecția dintre o formă solidă și o formă plană. Va returna o curbă de intersecție, un compus cu margini </div> A "section" is the intersection between a solid shape and a plane shape. It will return an intersection curve, a compound curve composed of edges. {{Code|code= cylinder1 = Part.makeCylinder(3, 10, App.Vector(0, 0, 0), App.Vector(1, 0, 0)) cylinder2 = Part.makeCylinder(3, 10, App.Vector(5, 0, -5), App.Vector(0, 0, 1)) section = cylinder1.section(cylinder2) section.Wires > [] section.Edges > [<Edge object at 0D87CFE8>, <Edge object at 019564F8>, <Edge object at 0D998458>, <Edge object at 0D86DE18>, <Edge object at 0D9B8E80>, <Edge object at 012A3640>, <Edge object at 0D8F4BB0>] }} {{Top}} <span id="Extrusion"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> ==== Extrusion ==== Extrudarea este actul de "împingere" a unei forme plate într-o anumită direcție care are ca rezultat un corp solid. Gândiți-vă la un cerc devenind un tub prin "împingerea lui": </div> Extrusion is the act of "pushing" a flat shape in a certain direction, resulting in a solid body. Think of a circle becoming a tube by "pushing it out": {{Code|code= circle = Part.makeCircle(10) tube = circle.extrude(App.Vector(0, 0, 2)) }} <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Dacă cercul dvs. este gol, veți obține un tub gol. Dacă cercul dvs. este de fapt un disc, cu o față plină, veți obține un cilindru solid: </div> {{Code|code= wire = Part.Wire(circle) disc = Part.Face(wire) cylinder = disc.extrude(App.Vector(0, 0, 2)) }} {{Top}} <span id="Explore_shapes"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> == Explorarea formelor == Puteți explora ușor structura datelor topologice: </div> You can easily explore the topological data structure: {{Code|code= import Part b = Part.makeBox(100, 100, 100) b.Wires w = b.Wires[0] w w.Wires w.Vertexes Part.show(w) w.Edges e = w.Edges[0] e.Vertexes v = e.Vertexes[0] v.Point }} <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Dacă tastați liniile de mai sus în interpretul python, veți câștiga o bună înțelegere a structurii obiectelor Part. Aici, comanda makeBox () a creat o formă solidă. Acest solid, ca toate componentele solide, conține fațete. Fețele conțin întotdeauna polilinii, care sunt liste de margini care delimitează fața. Fiecare față are cel puțin o polilinie închisă (poate avea mai multe dacă fața are una sau mai multe găuri). În polilinie, putem privi la fiecare margine separat, iar în interiorul fiecărei margini, putem vedea vârfurile. Liniile drepte au doar două vârfuri, evident. </div> {{Top}} <span id="Edge_analysis"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> === Analiza muchiei === În cazul unei muchii, care este o curbă arbitrară, este cel mai probabil să doriți a face o discretizare. În FreeCAD marginile sunt parametrizate după lungimile lor. Asta înseamnă ca puteți parcurge o margine/curba pe lungimea ei: </div> In case of an edge, which is an arbitrary curve, it's most likely you want to do a discretization. In FreeCAD the edges are parametrized by their lengths. That means you can walk an edge/curve by its length: {{Code|code= import Part box = Part.makeBox(100, 100, 100) anEdge = box.Edges[0] print(anEdge.Length) }} <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Now you can access a lot of properties of the edge by using the length as a position. That means if the edge is 100mm long the start position is 0 and the end position 100. </div> {{Code|code= anEdge.tangentAt(0.0) # tangent direction at the beginning anEdge.valueAt(0.0) # Point at the beginning anEdge.valueAt(100.0) # Point at the end of the edge anEdge.derivative1At(50.0) # first derivative of the curve in the middle anEdge.derivative2At(50.0) # second derivative of the curve in the middle anEdge.derivative3At(50.0) # third derivative of the curve in the middle anEdge.centerOfCurvatureAt(50) # center of the curvature for that position anEdge.curvatureAt(50.0) # the curvature anEdge.normalAt(50) # normal vector at that position (if defined) }} {{Top}} <span id="Use_a_selection"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> === Utilizarea selecție === Aici vedem acum modul în care putem folosi selecția utilizată de utilizator în vizualizator. Mai întâi de toate, creăm o casetă și o afișează în vizualizator </div> Here we see now how we can use a selection the user did in the viewer. First of all we create a box and show it in the viewer. {{Code|code= import Part Part.show(Part.makeBox(100, 100, 100)) Gui.SendMsgToActiveView("ViewFit") }} <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Selectați acum unele fețe sau margini. Cu acest script puteți itera toate obiectele selectate și sub-elementele acestora: </div> {{Code|code= for o in Gui.Selection.getSelectionEx(): print(o.ObjectName) for s in o.SubElementNames: print("name: ", s) for s in o.SubObjects: print("object: ", s) }} Selectați unele margini și acest progrămel script va calcula lungimea: {{Code|code= length = 0.0 for o in Gui.Selection.getSelectionEx(): for s in o.SubObjects: length += s.Length print("Length of the selected edges: ", length) }} {{Top}} <span id="Example:_The_OCC_bottle"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> == Exemplul complet : Sticla OCC (Open CASCADE Technology) == Un exemplu tipic găsiți în [http://www.opencascade.com/doc/occt-6.9.0/overview/html/occt__tutorial.html#sec1 OpenCasCade Technology Tutorial] Este cum se construiește o sticlă. Acesta este un exercițiu bun și pentru FreeCAD. De fapt, puteți urma exemplul nostru de mai jos și pagina OCC simultan, veți înțelege cum sunt implementate structurile OCC în FreeCAD. Scenariul complet de mai jos este, de asemenea, inclus în instalarea FreeCAD (în interiorul folderului Mod/Part) și poate fi apelat de la interpretul python prin tastarea: </div> A typical example found on the [https://www.opencascade.com/doc/occt-6.9.0/overview/html/occt__tutorial.html OpenCasCade Technology website] is how to build a bottle. This is a good exercise for FreeCAD too. In fact, if you follow our example below and the OCC page simultaneously, you will see how well OCC structures are implemented in FreeCAD. The script is included in the FreeCAD installation (inside the {{FileName|Mod/Part}} folder) and can be called from the Python interpreter by typing: {{Code|code= import Part import MakeBottle bottle = MakeBottle.makeBottle() Part.show(bottle) }} {{Top}} <span id="The_script"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> === Programul script complet === aici este programul script complet MakeBottle: </div> For the purpose of this tutorial we will consider a reduced version of the script. In this version the bottle will not be hollowed out, and the neck of the bottle will not be threaded. {{Code|code= import FreeCAD as App import Part, math def makeBottleTut(myWidth = 50.0, myHeight = 70.0, myThickness = 30.0): aPnt1=App.Vector(-myWidth / 2., 0, 0) aPnt2=App.Vector(-myWidth / 2., -myThickness / 4., 0) aPnt3=App.Vector(0, -myThickness / 2., 0) aPnt4=App.Vector(myWidth / 2., -myThickness / 4., 0) aPnt5=App.Vector(myWidth / 2., 0, 0) aArcOfCircle = Part.Arc(aPnt2, aPnt3, aPnt4) aSegment1=Part.LineSegment(aPnt1, aPnt2) aSegment2=Part.LineSegment(aPnt4, aPnt5) aEdge1=aSegment1.toShape() aEdge2=aArcOfCircle.toShape() aEdge3=aSegment2.toShape() aWire=Part.Wire([aEdge1, aEdge2, aEdge3]) aTrsf=App.Matrix() aTrsf.rotateZ(math.pi) # rotate around the z-axis aMirroredWire=aWire.copy() aMirroredWire.transformShape(aTrsf) myWireProfile=Part.Wire([aWire, aMirroredWire]) myFaceProfile=Part.Face(myWireProfile) aPrismVec=App.Vector(0, 0, myHeight) myBody=myFaceProfile.extrude(aPrismVec) myBody=myBody.makeFillet(myThickness / 12.0, myBody.Edges) neckLocation=App.Vector(0, 0, myHeight) neckNormal=App.Vector(0, 0, 1) myNeckRadius = myThickness / 4. myNeckHeight = myHeight / 10. myNeck = Part.makeCylinder(myNeckRadius, myNeckHeight, neckLocation, neckNormal) myBody = myBody.fuse(myNeck) return myBody el = makeBottleTut() Part.show(el) }} {{Top}} <span id="Detailed_explanation"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> === Explicații detaliate === </div> {{Code|code= import FreeCAD as App import Part, math }} <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Vom avea, desigur, modulul Part, dar și modulul FreeCAD.Base, care conține structuri de bază FreeCAD precum vectori și matrice. </div> {{Code|code= def makeBottleTut(myWidth = 50.0, myHeight = 70.0, myThickness = 30.0): aPnt1=App.Vector(-myWidth / 2., 0, 0) aPnt2=App.Vector(-myWidth / 2., -myThickness / 4., 0) aPnt3=App.Vector(0, -myThickness / 2., 0) aPnt4=App.Vector(myWidth / 2., -myThickness / 4., 0) aPnt5=App.Vector(myWidth / 2., 0, 0) }} <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Aici definim funcția makeBottle. Această funcție poate fi apelată fără argumente, așa cum am făcut mai sus, caz în care valorile implicite pentru lățime, înălțime, și grosime vor fi utilizate. Apoi, definim câteva puncte care vor fi utilizate pentru construirea profilului de bază. </div> {{Code|code= ... aArcOfCircle = Part.Arc(aPnt2, aPnt3, aPnt4) aSegment1=Part.LineSegment(aPnt1, aPnt2) aSegment2=Part.LineSegment(aPnt4, aPnt5) }} <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Aici definim geometria: un arc, format din 3 puncte și două segmente de linie, formate din câte 2 puncte. </div> {{Code|code= ... aEdge1=aSegment1.toShape() aEdge2=aArcOfCircle.toShape() aEdge3=aSegment2.toShape() aWire=Part.Wire([aEdge1, aEdge2, aEdge3]) }} <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Vă amintiți diferența dintre geometrie și forme? Aici construim forme geometrice ale construcției noastre. 3 margini (marginile pot fi drepte sau curbate), apoi o poliline realizează acele trei margini. </div> {{Code|code= ... aTrsf=App.Matrix() aTrsf.rotateZ(math.pi) # rotate around the z-axis aMirroredWire=aWire.copy() aMirroredWire.transformShape(aTrsf) myWireProfile=Part.Wire([aWire, aMirroredWire]) }} <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Până acum am construit doar o jumătate de profil. Mai ușor decât construirea întregului profil în același mod, putem doar să simetrizăm ceea ce am făcut și să lipim ambele jumătăți împreună. Așadar, vom crea mai întâi o matrice. O matrice este o modalitate foarte comună de a aplica transformări la obiecte din lumea 3D, deoarece poate conține într-o singură structură toate transformările de bază pe care obiectele 3D le pot suferi (mișcare, rotire și scalare). Aici, după ce creăm matricea, o oglindim și creăm o copie a poliliniei noastre cu matricea de transformare aplicată. Acum avem două polilinii și putem face o a treia polilinie din ele, deoarece poliliniile sun nt de fapt liste de margini. </div> {{Code|code= ... myFaceProfile=Part.Face(myWireProfile) aPrismVec=App.Vector(0, 0, myHeight) myBody=myFaceProfile.extrude(aPrismVec) myBody=myBody.makeFillet(myThickness / 12.0, myBody.Edges) }} <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Acum că avem o polilinie închisă, aceasta poate fi transformat într-o fațetă. Odată ce avem o fațetă, o putem extruda. În acest fel, am făcut de fapt un solid. Apoi aplicăm o mică și frumoasă (pilire) rotunjire la obiectul nostru pentru că ne pasă de un design bun, nu-i așa? </div> {{Code|code= ... neckLocation=App.Vector(0, 0, myHeight) neckNormal=App.Vector(0, 0, 1) myNeckRadius = myThickness / 4. myNeckHeight = myHeight / 10. myNeck = Part.makeCylinder(myNeckRadius, myNeckHeight, neckLocation, neckNormal) }} <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Apoi, corpul sticlei noastre este făcută, mai avem nevoie să creăm un gât. Deci noi face un nou solid, cu un cilindru. </div> {{Code|code= ... myBody = myBody.fuse(myNeck) }} <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Funcționarea siguranței, care în alte aplicații este uneori numită uniune, este foarte puternică. Va avea grijă de lipirea a ceea ce trebuie lipit și de a elimina părțile care trebuie să fie eliminate. </div> {{Code|code= ... return myBody }} Apoi, ne întoarcem Piesa noastră solidă ca rezultat al funcției noastre. {{Code|code= el = makeBottleTut() Part.show(el) }} <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> În final, numim funcția definită și facem piesa vizibilă. </div> {{Top}} <span id="Example:_Pierced_box"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> ==Paralelipiped găurit== Aici este un exemplul de construcție a unui paralelipiped găurit. </div> Here is a complete example of building a pierced box. <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Construcția este realizată dintr-un capăt în altul iar când paralelipipedul este terminat, acesta este găurit cu un cilindru. </div> {{Code|code= import FreeCAD as App import Part, math size = 10 poly = Part.makePolygon([(0, 0, 0), (size, 0, 0), (size, 0, size), (0, 0, size), (0, 0, 0)]) face1 = Part.Face(poly) face2 = Part.Face(poly) face3 = Part.Face(poly) face4 = Part.Face(poly) face5 = Part.Face(poly) face6 = Part.Face(poly) myMat = App.Matrix() myMat.rotateZ(math.pi / 2) face2.transformShape(myMat) face2.translate(App.Vector(size, 0, 0)) myMat.rotateZ(math.pi / 2) face3.transformShape(myMat) face3.translate(App.Vector(size, size, 0)) myMat.rotateZ(math.pi / 2) face4.transformShape(myMat) face4.translate(App.Vector(0, size, 0)) myMat = App.Matrix() myMat.rotateX(-math.pi / 2) face5.transformShape(myMat) face6.transformShape(myMat) face6.translate(App.Vector(0, 0, size)) myShell = Part.makeShell([face1, face2, face3, face4, face5, face6]) mySolid = Part.makeSolid(myShell) myCyl = Part.makeCylinder(2, 20) myCyl.translate(App.Vector(size / 2, size / 2, 0)) cut_part = mySolid.cut(myCyl) Part.show(cut_part) }} {{Top}} <span id="Loading_and_saving"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> == Încărcare și salvare == Există mai multe moduri de a vă salva munca în modulul Part. Puteți bineînțeles salvați documentul FreeCAD, dar puteți salva și un obiect piesă/Part direct la formatele CAD obișnuite, cum ar fi BREP, IGS, STEP și STL. </div> There are several ways to save your work. You can of course save your FreeCAD document, but you can also save [[Part_Workbench|Part]] objects directly to common CAD formats, such as BREP, IGS, STEP and STL. <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Salvarea unei forme într-un fișier este ușoară. Există metode disponibile exportBrep(), exportIges(), exportStl() și exportStep() pentru toate obiectele de formă. Deci, faci: </div> {{Code|code= import Part s = Part.makeBox(10, 10, 10) s.exportStep("test.stp") }} <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> acest lucru va salva caseta noastră într-un fișier STEP. Pentru a încărca un BREP, IGES sau STEP, pur și simplu faceți contrariul: </div> {{Code|code= import Part s = Part.Shape() s.read("test.stp") }} <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Pentru a converti un fișier '''.stp''' în '''.igs''' este simplu : </div> {{Code|code= import Part s = Part.Shape() s.read("file.stp") # incoming file igs, stp, stl, brep s.exportIges("file.igs") # outbound file igs }} {{Top}} <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> {{docnav|Mesh Scripting|Mesh to Part}} </div> {{Powerdocnavi{{#translation:}}}} [[Category:Developer Documentation{{#translation:}}]] [[Category:Python Code{{#translation:}}]]