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aa - Qafár af
ab - аԥсшәа
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ace - Acèh
ady - адыгабзэ
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aeb-latn - Tûnsî
af - Afrikaans
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alt - алтай тил
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ami - Pangcah
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ang - Ænglisc
ann - Obolo
anp - अंगिका
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arc - ܐܪܡܝܐ
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arz - مصرى
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ase - American sign language
ast - asturianu
atj - Atikamekw
av - авар
avk - Kotava
awa - अवधी
ay - Aymar aru
az - azərbaycanca
azb - تۆرکجه
ba - башҡортса
ban - Basa Bali
ban-bali - ᬩᬲᬩᬮᬶ
bar - Boarisch
bbc - Batak Toba
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bi - Bislama
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blk - ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ
bm - bamanankan
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bo - བོད་ཡིག
bpy - বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী
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bug - ᨅᨔ ᨕᨘᨁᨗ
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crh - qırımtatarca
crh-cyrl - къырымтатарджа (Кирилл)
crh-latn - qırımtatarca (Latin)
cs - čeština
csb - kaszëbsczi
cu - словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ
cv - чӑвашла
cy - Cymraeg
da - dansk
dag - dagbanli
de - Deutsch
de-at - Österreichisches Deutsch
de-ch - Schweizer Hochdeutsch
de-formal - Deutsch (Sie-Form)
dga - Dagaare
din - Thuɔŋjäŋ
diq - Zazaki
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dtp - Dusun Bundu-liwan
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dv - ދިވެހިބަސް
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ee - eʋegbe
egl - Emiliàn
el - Ελληνικά
eml - emiliàn e rumagnòl
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en-ca - Canadian English
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eo - Esperanto
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gom - गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni
gom-deva - गोंयची कोंकणी
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gor - Bahasa Hulontalo
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ike-cans - ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ
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kk-cn - قازاقشا (جۇنگو)
kk-cyrl - қазақша (кирил)
kk-kz - қазақша (Қазақстан)
kk-latn - qazaqşa (latın)
kk-tr - qazaqşa (Türkïya)
kl - kalaallisut
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kn - ಕನ್ನಡ
ko - 한국어
ko-kp - 조선말
koi - перем коми
kr - kanuri
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ks-arab - کٲشُر
ks-deva - कॉशुर
ksh - Ripoarisch
ksw - စှီၤ
ku - kurdî
ku-arab - كوردي (عەرەبی)
ku-latn - kurdî (latînî)
kum - къумукъ
kus - Kʋsaal
kv - коми
kw - kernowek
ky - кыргызча
la - Latina
lad - Ladino
lb - Lëtzebuergesch
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lez - лезги
lfn - Lingua Franca Nova
lg - Luganda
li - Limburgs
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liv - Līvõ kēļ
lki - لەکی
lld - Ladin
lmo - lombard
ln - lingála
lo - ລາວ
loz - Silozi
lrc - لۊری شومالی
lt - lietuvių
ltg - latgaļu
lus - Mizo ţawng
luz - لئری دوٙمینی
lv - latviešu
lzh - 文言
lzz - Lazuri
mad - Madhurâ
mag - मगही
mai - मैथिली
map-bms - Basa Banyumasan
mdf - мокшень
mg - Malagasy
mh - Ebon
mhr - олык марий
mi - Māori
min - Minangkabau
mk - македонски
ml - മലയാളം
mn - монгол
mni - ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ
mnw - ဘာသာ မန်
mo - молдовеняскэ
mos - moore
mr - मराठी
mrh - Mara
mrj - кырык мары
ms - Bahasa Melayu
ms-arab - بهاس ملايو
mt - Malti
mus - Mvskoke
mwl - Mirandés
my - မြန်မာဘာသာ
myv - эрзянь
mzn - مازِرونی
na - Dorerin Naoero
nah - Nāhuatl
nan - Bân-lâm-gú
nap - Napulitano
nb - norsk bokmål
nds - Plattdüütsch
nds-nl - Nedersaksies
ne - नेपाली
new - नेपाल भाषा
ng - Oshiwambo
nia - Li Niha
niu - Niuē
nl - Nederlands
nl-informal - Nederlands (informeel)
nmz - nawdm
nn - norsk nynorsk
no - norsk
nod - ᨣᩤᩴᨾᩮᩬᩥᨦ
nog - ногайша
nov - Novial
nqo - ߒߞߏ
nrm - Nouormand
nso - Sesotho sa Leboa
nv - Diné bizaad
ny - Chi-Chewa
nyn - runyankore
nys - Nyunga
oc - occitan
ojb - Ojibwemowin
olo - livvinkarjala
om - Oromoo
or - ଓଡ଼ିଆ
os - ирон
pa - ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
pag - Pangasinan
pam - Kapampangan
pap - Papiamentu
pcd - Picard
pcm - Naijá
pdc - Deitsch
pdt - Plautdietsch
pfl - Pälzisch
pi - पालि
pih - Norfuk / Pitkern
pl - polski
pms - Piemontèis
pnb - پنجابی
pnt - Ποντιακά
prg - prūsiskan
ps - پښتو
pt - português
pt-br - português do Brasil
pwn - pinayuanan
qqq - Message documentation
qu - Runa Simi
qug - Runa shimi
rgn - Rumagnôl
rif - Tarifit
rki - ရခိုင်
rm - rumantsch
rmc - romaňi čhib
rmy - romani čhib
rn - ikirundi
ro - română
roa-tara - tarandíne
rsk - руски
ru - русский
rue - русиньскый
rup - armãneashti
ruq - Vlăheşte
ruq-cyrl - Влахесте
ruq-latn - Vlăheşte
rw - Ikinyarwanda
ryu - うちなーぐち
sa - संस्कृतम्
sah - саха тыла
sat - ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ
sc - sardu
scn - sicilianu
sco - Scots
sd - سنڌي
sdc - Sassaresu
sdh - کوردی خوارگ
se - davvisámegiella
se-fi - davvisámegiella (Suoma bealde)
se-no - davvisámegiella (Norgga bealde)
se-se - davvisámegiella (Ruoŧa bealde)
sei - Cmique Itom
ses - Koyraboro Senni
sg - Sängö
sgs - žemaitėška
sh - srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
sh-cyrl - српскохрватски (ћирилица)
sh-latn - srpskohrvatski (latinica)
shi - Taclḥit
shi-latn - Taclḥit
shi-tfng - ⵜⴰⵛⵍⵃⵉⵜ
shn - ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး
shy - tacawit
shy-latn - tacawit
si - සිංහල
simple - Simple English
sjd - кӣллт са̄мь кӣлл
sje - bidumsámegiella
sk - slovenčina
skr - سرائیکی
skr-arab - سرائیکی
sl - slovenščina
sli - Schläsch
sm - Gagana Samoa
sma - åarjelsaemien
smn - anarâškielâ
sms - nuõrttsääʹmǩiõll
sn - chiShona
so - Soomaaliga
sq - shqip
sr - српски / srpski
sr-ec - српски (ћирилица)
sr-el - srpski (latinica)
srn - Sranantongo
sro - sardu campidanesu
ss - SiSwati
st - Sesotho
stq - Seeltersk
sty - себертатар
su - Sunda
sv - svenska
sw - Kiswahili
syl - ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ
szl - ślůnski
szy - Sakizaya
ta - தமிழ்
tay - Tayal
tcy - ತುಳು
tdd - ᥖᥭᥰᥖᥬᥳᥑᥨᥒᥰ
te - తెలుగు
tet - tetun
tg - тоҷикӣ
tg-cyrl - тоҷикӣ
tg-latn - tojikī
th - ไทย
ti - ትግርኛ
tk - Türkmençe
tl - Tagalog
tly - tolışi
tly-cyrl - толыши
tn - Setswana
to - lea faka-Tonga
tok - toki pona
tpi - Tok Pisin
tr - Türkçe
tru - Ṫuroyo
trv - Seediq
ts - Xitsonga
tt - татарча / tatarça
tt-cyrl - татарча
tt-latn - tatarça
tum - chiTumbuka
tw - Twi
ty - reo tahiti
tyv - тыва дыл
tzm - ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ
udm - удмурт
ug - ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche
ug-arab - ئۇيغۇرچە
ug-latn - Uyghurche
uk - українська
ur - اردو
uz - oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча
uz-cyrl - ўзбекча
uz-latn - oʻzbekcha
ve - Tshivenda
vec - vèneto
vep - vepsän kel’
vi - Tiếng Việt
vls - West-Vlams
vmf - Mainfränkisch
vmw - emakhuwa
vo - Volapük
vot - Vaďďa
vro - võro
wa - walon
wal - wolaytta
war - Winaray
wls - Fakaʻuvea
wo - Wolof
wuu - 吴语
xal - хальмг
xh - isiXhosa
xmf - მარგალური
xsy - saisiyat
yi - ייִדיש
yo - Yorùbá
yrl - Nhẽẽgatú
yue - 粵語
za - Vahcuengh
zea - Zeêuws
zgh - ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ
zh - 中文
zh-cn - 中文(中国大陆)
zh-hans - 中文(简体)
zh-hant - 中文(繁體)
zh-hk - 中文(香港)
zh-mo - 中文(澳門)
zh-my - 中文(马来西亚)
zh-sg - 中文(新加坡)
zh-tw - 中文(臺灣)
zu - isiZulu
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{{UnfinishedDocu}} <languages/> {{TOCright}} <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ==Introduction== </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The [[Image:Workbench_TechDraw.svg|24px]] [[TechDraw_Workbench|TechDraw workbench]] has many tools, but what are the required elements to turn a piece of paper into a proper drawing? This page is intended to give some explanation and some examples about what TechDraw is already capable of. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ==Drawings== </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> A drawing consists of one or more views to describe a part geometrically... But you know that already, don't you? </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Let's have a look at the basic elements. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ===Manually created drawings=== </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ====Sheet of paper==== </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Paper sizes are standardized and to be able to print without scaling the format of our sheet should match the desired printing format. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ====Frames==== </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> When drawings were drawn by hand they had to be pinned or taped to a drawing board. Puncher holes were added to the finished drawing to attach the folded drawing to a file or folder. This outer area is separated by a rectangular frame. Another rectangular frame inside the first one defines the drawing area. There is usually a set of indexes and separators between both frames used to locate certain drawing elements. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ====Title block==== </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The title block contains written information about the part and the drawing such as part number, title, author, owner, etc. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ====Bill of materials==== </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Optionally assembly drawings can have a bill of materials (BOM) included. The BOM can also be placed on a separate drawing sheet or a spreadsheet. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ====Change log==== </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Changes to the part or the drawing are protocolled in a log on the drawing or in a separate document and linked to the drawing by corresponding indexes. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ====Views==== </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Views contain the geometrical description of a part from a certain direction. Most parts need at least two views to be properly described. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ====Annotations==== </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Additional texts that don't belong to the elements mentioned above. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ===Drawings made with TechDraw=== </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Techdraw uses a Page object as a container for all drawing related elements; this cannot exist on its own, but has to contain a template. That is why there is no New page command and a new page object is created automatically whenever a template is inserted. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ====Templates==== </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> A [[TechDraw_Templates|Template]] object is an [[SVG|SVG]] image file and its code holds all information needed to create a virtual sheet of paper with matching frames and title block, and optionally a BOM. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> SVG images are not parametric. This means that for each format a separate template has to be created, such a set of templates is needed for any variation of frame or title block objects. That is quite a lot to code and manage but on the other hand templates cannot change accidentally inside FreeCAD. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> There are several ways to create a template: # Draw it with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inkscape Inkscape], see [[TechDraw_TemplateHowTo|How to create a custom TechDraw template]]. # Type it manually, see [[Sandbox:TechDraw_TemplateExplained|Template explained]]. # Use a macro, see [[TechDraw_TemplateGenerator|TechDraw TemplateGenerator]] and [[Macro_TemplateHelper|Macro TemplateHelper]]. </div> [[Image:TechDraw_ExampleDrawing-01.png|400px]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{Caption|Result of Template explained}} </div> [[Image:Macro_TemplateHelper_A3+BOM.png|400px]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{Caption|Result of macro TemplateHelper, ISO A3 + bill of material}} </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ====The drawing so far==== </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Up to this point it is safe to say that TechDraw in connection with embedded SVG templates can provide a proper drawing sheet with a frame and a title block. Some entries can be altered after creation thanks to editable texts, and some content can be inserted automatically if macros are involved. </div> {{Top}} <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ==Views== </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Views contain the geometrical 2D description of an object. The content of a TechDraw view can be derived from 3D geometry or obtained from another workbench like [[Image:TechDraw_ArchView.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_ArchView|Arch Views]] and [[Image:TechDraw_DraftView.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_DraftView|Draft views]]. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Since FreeCAD is a 3D modelling application TechDraw's key function is deriving 2D views from 3D geometry. Let's have a look at an easy example, the part from the [[Basic_Part_Design_Tutorial|Basic Part Design Tutorial]] that is also used with the [[Basic_TechDraw_Tutorial|Basic TechDraw Tutorial]]: </div> [[Image:Tut17_final_refined.png|300px]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{Caption|Part from the Basic Part Design Tutorial}} </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ===Active View=== </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> An [[Image:TechDraw ActiveView.svg|32px]] [[TechDraw_ActiveView|Active View]] is more or less a screen shot of the [[3D_View|3D view]] in its own kind of TechDraw view. </div> [[Image:TechDraw_ExampleDrawing-02.png|300px]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{Caption|The item displayed in an Active View with No background option enabled}} </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ===View=== </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> A [[Image:TechDraw_View.svg|32px]] [[TechDraw_View|View]] is TechDraw's basic view object to derive proper drawings. In contrast to an Active View it is not restricted to visible objects on the screen, but also displays selected objects outside the screen. The preferred scale depends on the available space and the level of detail that has to be displayed. </div> [[Image:TechDraw_ExampleDrawing-03.png|300px]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{Caption|The item displayed in an arbitrary View like the Active View above}} </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ===Projection Group=== </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> A [[File:TechDraw_ProjectionGroup.svg|32px]] [[TechDraw_ProjectionGroup|Projection Group]] is a set of views. Each view direction is perpendicular to its neighbor and all depend on the 3D window's direction by default. TechDraw provides six views matching with the [[Navigation_Cube|Navigation Cube]] sides, and four isometric views. </div> [[Image:TechDraw_ExampleDrawing-04.png|300px]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{Caption|The item displayed in a Projection Group consisting of three views (in first angle projection mode)}} </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ===Section View=== </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> TechDraw provides tools to create a [[Image:TechDraw_SectionView.svg|32px]] [[TechDraw_SectionView|Simple Section View]] or a [[Image:TechDraw_ComplexSection.svg|32px]] [[TechDraw_ComplexSection|Complex Section View]]. Both depend on a base view and on tools to define a section line and to derive the view direction. Have a look at [[TechDraw_Section_Examples|TechDraw Section Examples]] for an overview. </div> [[Image:TechDraw_ExampleDrawing-05.png|300px]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{Caption|The cut item displayed in a Section A-A based on the Front view}} </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ===Auxiliary View=== </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> If we need a view of a tilted plane to see its true lengths we would define the view direction in a base view and place the Auxiliary view accordingly, but TechDraw provides no tool for Auxiliary views yet. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Good news: It is quite easy to emulate using the [[Image:TechDraw_SectionView.svg|32px]] [[TechDraw_SectionView|Simple Section View]] tool: </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> # Select a base view. # Create a [[Image:TechDraw_SectionView.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_SectionView|Simple Section View]] with default settings. # Use [[Image:TechDraw_AngleDimension.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_AngleDimension|Insert Angle Dimension]] to measure the angle of the plane. # Edit the section view angle in the Set View Direction area of its task panel. # Edit the section view coordinates in the Section Plane Location area of its task panel. Use '''small steps''' to move the section line outside the object or FreeCAD may crash. # Hide unwanted annotation elements such as section line, section arrows, and section name. # Add needed items like view arrow, and view name. </div> [[Image:TechDraw_ExampleDrawing-06.png|300px]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{Caption|A default section view based on the Left view displaying the section line angle}} </div> [[Image:TechDraw_ExampleDrawing-07.png|300px]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{Caption|Section view with section line angle set to {{value|218,93°}} (38,93° plus 180° to flip direction)}} </div> [[Image:TechDraw_ExampleDrawing-08.png|300px]] [[Image:Button_right.svg|16px|link=]] [[Image:TechDraw_ExampleDrawing-09.png|300px]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{Caption|Section view with relocated section line → Finished Auxiliary view }} </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ===Detail View=== </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> A [[File:TechDraw_DetailView.svg|32px]] [[TechDraw_DetailView|Detail View]] is a copy of an area of a base view usually to magnify hardly visible geometry. </div> [[Image:TechDraw_ExampleDrawing-10.png|300px]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{Caption|Detail (view) Y based on Section A-A}} </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ====Imperfections==== </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> * Detail views according to ISO standard do not have a frame/border (the upper part of the enclosing circle). Editor's note: what is meant here?? Frames are not printed... * The break line that cuts the detail off from the rest should be a thin freehand line or the cad equivalent, a thin zigzag line. FreeCAD/TechDraw do not provide freehand/zigzag lines (yet). * Hatched areas in the base view should be hatched in the detail view, too. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ===Arch View=== </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> An [[Image:TechDraw_ArchView.svg|32px]] [[TechDraw_ArchView|Arch View]] displays a view of an [[Image:Arch_SectionPlane.svg|16px]] [[Arch_SectionPlane|Arch SectionPlane]]. Its content is rendered by the [[Image:Workbench_Arch.svg|16px]] [[Arch_Workbench|Arch workbench]]. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ===Draft View=== </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> A [[Image:TechDraw_DraftView.svg|32px]] [[TechDraw_DraftView|Draft View]] displays a view of a selected [[Part_Workbench|Part]]-based object or Group object. It is intended for 2D objects. Its content is rendered by the [[Image:Workbench_Draft.svg|16px]] [[Draft_Workbench|Draft workbench]]. </div> [[Image:05_Dr01_Draft_Text_ShapeString.png|300px]] [[Image:Button_right.svg|16px|link=]] [[Image:06_Dr01_Draft_TechDraw_page.png|300px]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{Caption|Some Draft elements in the 3D view → The same elements displayed in a Draft View on a drawing}} </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ===Spreadsheet View=== </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> A [[Image:TechDraw_SpreadsheetView.svg|32px]] [[TechDraw_SpreadsheetView|Spreadsheet View]] displays a view of a [[Spreadsheet_Workbench|Spreadsheet Workbench]] sheet. </div> [[Image:TechDraw Spreadsheetview.png|300px]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{Caption|Spreadsheet element displayed in a Spreadsheet View}} </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ===The views so far=== </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> TechDraw needs some additions like break lines, and a proper auxiliary view tool and also some improvement of the Detail View tool. But even in this state we can describe our objects visually quite well: </div> [[Image:TechDraw_ExampleDrawing-11.png|300px]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{Caption|This is how a drawing with a set of views of the example item could look}} </div> {{Top}} <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ==Dimensioning== </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Now that our item is described geometrically, dimensions will be added to further define the shape, and tolerances to define the allowed deviation. TechDraw supplies several tools to apply dimensions to the 2D representation of our item: * [[Image:TechDraw_LengthDimension.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_LengthDimension|Length Dimension]] * [[Image:TechDraw_HorizontalDimension.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_HorizontalDimension|Horizontal Dimension]] * [[Image:TechDraw_VerticalDimension.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_VerticalDimension|Vertical Dimension]] * [[Image:TechDraw_RadiusDimension.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_RadiusDimension|Radius Dimension]] * [[Image:TechDraw_DiameterDimension.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_DiameterDimension|Diameter Dimension]] * [[Image:TechDraw_AngleDimension.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_AngleDimension|Angle Dimension]] * [[Image:TechDraw_3PtAngleDimension.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_3PtAngleDimension|3-Point Angle Dimension]] </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> They have in common that they measure the projected shape of the item. If you have learned drafting the manual way, you know how to use auxiliary views to turn the item into a position where projected lengths equal true lengths. For visualization other than this old school way, dimensions can be linked to 3D geometry using [[Image:TechDraw_DimensionRepair.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_DimensionRepair|TechDraw DimensionRepair]] to display "true dimensions". </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Two other tools measure the overall length horizontally or vertically respectively: * [[Image:TechDraw_HorizontalExtentDimension.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_HorizontalExtentDimension|Insert Horizontal Extent Dimension]] * [[Image:TechDraw_VerticalExtentDimension.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_VerticalExtentDimension|Insert Vertical Extent Dimension]] These cannot be linked with 3D geometry (yet). </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> See [[TechDraw_LengthDimension#Dimension_dialog|Dimension dialog]] (and the following properties section) for all settings that are not mentioned in this overview. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ===Simple dimensions=== </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The dimension text depends mainly on these properties: * {{PropertyData|Format Spec}} * {{PropertyData|Format Spec Over Tolerance}} * {{PropertyData|Format Spec Under Tolerance}} : By default their defaults are {{Value|%.2f}} </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> To "cheat" we can use these two properties: * {{PropertyData|Arbitrary}} :: Set to {{FALSE}} to use the content of the '''Format Spec''' to format the actual dimensional value. :: Set to {{TRUE}} to use the content of the '''Format Spec''' to be displayed as text instead if the dimension value. * {{PropertyData|Arbitrary Tolerances}}: Like {{PropertyData|Arbitrary}}, but for the tolerance. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> If we only need the dimension value there's nothing to do but to change the number of decimals if desired. : For example: {{Value|%.2f}} → {{Value|%.3f}} to display 3 decimals, or {{Value|%.2f}} → {{Value|%.0f}} to display whole numbers. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ====Length dimension==== </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> There are three tools to add length dimensions: [[Image:TechDraw_LengthDimension.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_LengthDimension|Length Dimension]], [[Image:TechDraw_HorizontalDimension.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_HorizontalDimension|Horizontal Dimension]], and [[Image:TechDraw_VerticalDimension.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_VerticalDimension|Vertical Dimension]]. </div> [[Image:TechDraw_ExampleDrawing-17.png|300px]] [[Image:Button_right.svg|16px|link=]] [[Image:TechDraw_ExampleDrawing-18.png|300px]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{Caption|Left: Two views of an object with length dimensions applied → Right: The same Front view rotated by 20°}} </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> This shows that it is important to rotate a front view in the Projection Group dialog or otherwise the connected views will not follow. On the other hand that would restrict us to 90° turns. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> If a dimension has to run parallel to an edge it needs another selectable line perpendicular to the edge and the [[Image:TechDraw_LengthDimension.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_LengthDimension|Length Dimension]] tool, that can find the shortest (= perpendicular) distance between a point and a line. An edge will not be automatically extended by an imaginary line and so we need to create an auxiliary (cosmetic) line manually. (A cosmetic point could be used as well, but that requires even more work). </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> * The black (point to line) [[Image:TechDraw_LengthDimension.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_LengthDimension|Length Dimension]] depends on a cosmetic line that doesn't rotate with the view. (A cosmetic point wouldn't be helpful either.) * The [[Image:TechDraw_HorizontalDimension.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_HorizontalDimension|Horizontal Dimension]] and [[Image:TechDraw_VerticalDimension.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_VerticalDimension|Vertical Dimension]] (red and green) stay with the page orientation and change their values accordingly. * The blue is a point to line [[Image:TechDraw_LengthDimension.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_LengthDimension|Length Dimension]], too but rotates with the view as there is no cosmetic geometry involved. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ====Angle dimension==== </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> TechDraw provides two tools to add angle dimensions: [[Image:TechDraw_AngleDimension.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_AngleDimension|Angle Dimension]] and [[Image:TechDraw_3PtAngleDimension.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_3PtAngleDimension|3-Point Angle Dimension]]. </div> [[Image:TechDraw_ExampleDrawing-19.png|300px]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{Caption|Two Ways to to add an angle dimension}} </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> * Blue: an [[Image:TechDraw_AngleDimension.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_AngleDimension|Angle Dimension]] between two edges. * Red: a [[Image:TechDraw_3PtAngleDimension.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_3PtAngleDimension|3-Point Angle Dimension]] using both end points and the center point of an arc. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ====Chamfer dimension==== </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> A chamfer dimension can be applied as a [[#Length dimension|length dimension]] with a manually edited {{PropertyData|Format Spec}} property or by using [[Image:TechDraw_ExtensionCreateHorizChamferDimension.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_ExtensionCreateHorizChamferDimension|Create Horizontal Chamfer Dimension]] and [[Image:TechDraw_ExtensionCreateVertChamferDimension.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_ExtensionCreateVertChamferDimension|Create Vertical Chamfer Dimension]] to create a size and angle dimension for a chamfer. </div> [[Image:TechDraw_ExampleDrawing-14.png|300px]] [[Image:Button_right.svg|16px|link=]] [[Image:TechDraw_ExampleDrawing-15.png|300px]] [[Image:Button_right.svg|16px|link=]] [[Image:TechDraw_ExampleDrawing-16.png|300px]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{Caption|Left: Chamfer dimensions applied to an object with horizontal and vertical sides → Center: The same view rotated by 10° → Right: Object tilted by 10°, view is at 0°}} </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The chamfer tools work well for objects with horizontal and vertical sides as long as they are parallel to the view's = the page's X and Y axes, but many parts won't do us the favor of being perfectly aligned. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The angle values are not parametric! They do not change if the view is tilted. The last page shows the correct angles, but dimensions positioned like this are pointless. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> To align the chamfer dimension along an edge we need an auxiliary (cosmetic) point where the unchamfered edges would meet and have to use [[Image:TechDraw_LengthDimension.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_LengthDimension|Length Dimension]]; but cosmetic point won't follow the edges if the view is tilted. (also see [[#Length dimension|Length dimension]].) </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ====Radius dimension==== </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> A [[File:TechDraw_RadiusDimension.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_RadiusDimension|Radius Dimension]] adds a radius dimension to a circle or circular arc, no more no less. </div> [[Image:TechDraw_ExampleDrawing-20.png|300px]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{Caption|Two ways to add a radius dimension, the red one with flipped arrowheads}} </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> To change the arrowhead direction just set the {{PropertyView|Flip Arrowheads}} property to {{true}}. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ====Diameter dimension==== </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Diameter dimensions can be added as a [[Image:TechDraw_DiameterDimension.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_DiameterDimension|Diameter Dimension]] or one of the length dimensions [[Image:TechDraw_LengthDimension.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_LengthDimension|Length Dimension]], [[Image:TechDraw_HorizontalDimension.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_HorizontalDimension|Horizontal Dimension]], and [[Image:TechDraw_VerticalDimension.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_VerticalDimension|Vertical Dimension]]. (Or in connection with a leader line pointing to a circle center or a center line - not displayed.) </div> [[Image:TechDraw_ExampleDrawing-12.png|300px]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{Caption|Several ways to place a diameter dimension (please ignore the missing center line)}} </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> * Blue: a [[Image:TechDraw_VerticalDimension.svg|16px]] length dimension in the side view of the hole needs a "⌀" prefixed to distinguish this from a rectangular hole. : [[Image:TechDraw_ExtensionInsertDiameter.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_ExtensionInsertDiameter|Insert '⌀' Prefix]] is an easy way to do this, but the {{PropertyData|Format Spec}} property can be edited manually as well. * Green: a simple [[Image:TechDraw_VerticalDimension.svg|16px]] length dimension. : It needs some auxiliary geometry (cosmetic points) as it cannot be applied to circles directly. * Red: a [[Image:TechDraw_DiameterDimension.svg|16px]] diameter dimension. In case you look along the hole axis and can see the circular shape of the hole the "⌀" may be omitted. To remove it edit the {{PropertyData|Format Spec}} property manually. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ====Thread dimension==== </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Thread dimensions can be applied just like diameter dimensions, but they require some auxiliary geometry created beforehand: [[Image:TechDraw_ExtensionThreadHoleSide.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_ExtensionThreadHoleSide|Add Cosmetic Thread Hole Side View]], [[Image:TechDraw_ExtensionThreadHoleBottom.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_ExtensionThreadHoleBottom|Add Cosmetic Thread Hole Bottom View]], [[Image:TechDraw_ExtensionThreadBoltSide.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_ExtensionThreadBoltSide|Add Cosmetic Thread Bolt Side View]], or [[Image:TechDraw_ExtensionThreadBoltBottom.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_ExtensionThreadBoltBottom|Add Cosmetic Thread Bolt Bottom View]]. </div> [[Image:TechDraw_ExampleDrawing-13.png|350px]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{Caption|A countersunk thread with several ways to place a thread dimension (and a counter sink diameter)}} </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> All Thread dimensions are applied to auxiliary (cosmetic) lines or circles (in connection with cosmetic points) and all {{PropertyData|Format Spec}} properties need to be edited manually to prefix the "M" for metric threads. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ====Tolerances==== </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Tolerances express how much a measured dimension may deviate from the dimension value on the drawing. To suffix a tolerance values to the dimension value simply set the {{PropertyData|Over Tolerance}} property to a value other than {{Value|0}}, this results in a symmetric tolerance such as {{Value|±0,5}}. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> For an asymmetric tolerance set {{PropertyData|Equal Tolerance}} property to {{false}} and specify also a lower value for the {{PropertyData|Under Tolerance}} property. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The values can be set in the [[TechDraw_LengthDimension#Dimension_dialog|Dimension dialog]] or directly in the [[Property_editor|Property editor]]. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ====Hole/shaft fit==== </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Fit tolerances can be added by suffixing tolerance classes to a dimension. A tolerance class consist of a tolerance field specifier (letter, upper case for holes, lower case for shafts) and a tolerance grade specifier (number) and can be suffixed in three ways: # Set the {{PropertyData|Arbitrary Tolerances}} property to {{true}} and specify both tolerance classes in the {{PropertyData|Over Tolerance}} and {{PropertyData|Under Tolerance}} properties. # Use the [[Image:TechDraw_HoleShaftFit.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_HoleShaftFit|Add hole or shaft fit]] tool. This suffixes only one tolerance class but adds the related values to the {{PropertyData|Over Tolerance}} and {{PropertyData|Under Tolerance}} properties. # For a single tolerance simply suffix the tolerance class to the format specifier in the {{PropertyData|Format Spec}} property. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ====Thread fit==== </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Thread fit tolerances can be suffixed like described above for hole/shaft fit tolerances, except method 2. The thread tolerance classes display the tolerance grade specifier (number) in front of the tolerance field specifier (letter, upper case for internal threads, lower case for external threads). </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ===Inspection dimensions=== </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Inspection dimensions (test dimensions) are not yet implemented. : (Maybe obsolete already. See [https://forum.freecad.org/viewtopic.php?p=691914#p691914 ...test dimension was withdrawn...] on the forum) </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> To fake an inspection dimension we set the {{PropertyData|Format Spec}} property to " " (one space - no character at all and we would have no handle to grab the dimension line to move it) and then set the {{PropertyData|Arbitrary}} property to {{TRUE}}; this results in a dimension without value. The value can now be substituted with a balloon without leader line. This only works with horizontal dimensions since we cannot rotate balloons. </div> [[Image:TechDraw_ExampleDrawing-21.png|300px]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{Caption|The example item with an inspection dimension. In this case 100% of the production items have to be checked if they are within the tolerance}} </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ===Geometric dimensioning and tolerancing=== </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The system of [[TechDraw_Geometric_dimensioning_and_tolerancing|geometric dimensioning and tolerancing]] (GD&T) aims at describing shapes more precisely than toleranced dimensions alone can do. It is built on datums, theoretically exact dimensions, and tolerance indicators. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ====Datums==== </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Datums are virtual surfaces, planes, lines, and points used as references to describe geometrical features with theoretically exact dimensions and tolerance indicators. They can be used to built a theoretically exact virtual coordinate system. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ====Datum feature==== </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> A datum feature is a geometric feature of an object corresponding with a certain datum. Datum feature symbols are added using [[Image:TechDraw_Balloon.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_Balloon|Balloon]] annotations. </div> [[Image:TechDraw_ExampleDrawing-22.png|350px]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{Caption|Example item with datum features. Both views display exactly the same datum features}} </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The {{PropertyData|Kink Length}} property has to be set to {{Value|0}} for vertical leader lines. On {{VersionMinus|0.21}} this results in a portion of the line shown within the frame. </div> [[Image:TechDraw_ExampleDrawing-27.png|200px]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{Caption|Now the leader line starts on the frame which is perfect for horizontal ones, but now it is impossible to draw vertical leader lines correctly}} </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ====Datum target==== </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Datum targets are points or relatively small areas that denote where to derive a datum from. Most common use is to create a theoretically exact virtual coordinate system from a set of six datum targets. </div> [[Image:TechDraw_ExampleDrawing-23.png|300px]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{Caption|This kind of datum target is not implemented yet}} </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> There is no known workaround at the moment. : Special point symbols to indicate the reference point of the datum target are not yet included in the options of leader lines. : The circles have to be derived from 3D geometry and are hard to handle in projection groups. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ====Theoretically exact dimensions==== </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Theoretically exact dimensions are added the same way as [[#Simple_dimensions|simple dimensions]] and the Theoretically exact checkbox makes the difference: It sets the {{PropertyData|Theoretically Exact }} property to {{true}} which adds a rectangular frame to the dimension value and deactivates tolerances and all tolerance settings. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ====Tolerance indicator==== </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> A tolerance indicator, also called "feature control frame", is a frame containing tolerance information about: * which geometric characteristic is tolerated * the shape and size of the tolerance field * the datums to be referenced * some more symbols to describe the features even more precisely. </div> [[Image:TechDraw_ExampleDrawing-24.png|300px]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{Caption|Theoretically exact dimensions (red) and tolerance indicators with reference to datum feature A (blue)}} </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Tolerance indicators are like datum feature symbols added using [[Image:TechDraw_Balloon.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_Balloon|Balloon]] annotations but using the {{value|Rectangle}}option. Use [[Image:TechDraw_ExtensionCustomizeFormat.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_ExtensionCustomizeFormat|Customize format label]] to insert special characters. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> In most cases tolerance indicators are aligned with a dimension line which is impossible in TechDraw except for horizontal dimensions since, as already mentioned, balloon annotations can not be rotated. </div> {{Top}} <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ==Annotations== </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ===Leader lines=== </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> A [[Image:TechDraw_LeaderLine.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_LeaderLine|Leader line]] points to a vertex, edge, or face where the attached information is valid. : Tools that provide information and attach to a preselected leader line are [[Image:TechDraw_RichTextAnnotation.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_RichTextAnnotation|RichTextAnnotation]], and [[Image:TechDraw_WeldSymbol.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_WeldSymbol|WeldSymbol]]. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ===Balloons=== </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> A [[Image:TechDraw_Balloon.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_Balloon|Balloon]] is a combination of a leader line and a short text. It requires a preselected view, or an item belonging to a view or the command will return an error message. The leader line starts horizontally without exception and turns towards the selected item after a short distance defined in the {{PropertyData|Kink Length}} property. Its value can also be set to {{Value|0}}. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ===Text=== </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Techdraw supplies two tools to add text to a drawing: * [[Image:TechDraw_Annotation.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_Annotation|Insert Annotation]] adds a plain text block as annotation to a page. Annotations use the same default settings as dimensions, some parameters can be changed, and they can be edited and rotated, but they cannot be attached. * [[Image:TechDraw_RichTextAnnotation.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_RichTextAnnotation|Insert Rich Text Annotation]] adds a rich text block as annotation to a page, a leader line, or a view. Annotations attached to a leader line or a view move synchronously with the view or leader line when their positions change. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ===Weld symbols=== </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The [[Image:TechDraw_WeldSymbol.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_WeldSymbol|WeldSymbol]] tool attaches to a preselected leader line and adds information about how to create a certain seam between two objects to avoid modelling the seam faces on the raw parts. The fork text determines which welding or soldering process has to be used for the seam. : It seems like the weld symbols demand an integrated leader line to get a fork symbol that matches the size of the text, otherwise the symbols on the leader line have to be scalable. </div> [[Image:TechDraw_ExampleDrawing-26.png|300px]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{Caption|A weld symbol for a circumferential V-seam, 111 meaning manual arc welding - Don't beat me if I have cited the internet wrongly}} </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ===Surface finish symbols=== </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[Image:TechDraw_SurfaceFinishSymbol.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_SurfaceFinishSymbol|Add Surface Finish Symbol]] adds a surface finish symbol to the page, which means these symbols do not move with their referenced geometry. </div> [[Image:TechDraw_ExampleDrawing-25.png|300px]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{Caption|A surface finish symbol in comparison with a dimension}} </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> These symbols cannot be customized regarding line width and font type to match with the dimensions and they can hardly be edited after creation. </div> {{Top}} [[Category:TechDraw{{#translation:}}]]