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Add Button to FEM Toolbar Tutorial
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aa - Qafár af
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ace - Acèh
ady - адыгабзэ
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ami - Pangcah
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cs - čeština
csb - kaszëbsczi
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cv - чӑвашла
cy - Cymraeg
da - dansk
dag - dagbanli
de - Deutsch
de-at - Österreichisches Deutsch
de-ch - Schweizer Hochdeutsch
de-formal - Deutsch (Sie-Form)
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ee - eʋegbe
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eml - emiliàn e rumagnòl
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kk-kz - қазақша (Қазақстан)
kk-latn - qazaqşa (latın)
kk-tr - qazaqşa (Türkïya)
kl - kalaallisut
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ko-kp - 조선말
koi - перем коми
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ks-arab - کٲشُر
ks-deva - कॉशुर
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ku - kurdî
ku-arab - كوردي (عەرەبی)
ku-latn - kurdî (latînî)
kum - къумукъ
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liv - Līvõ kēļ
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lo - ລາວ
loz - Silozi
lrc - لۊری شومالی
lt - lietuvių
ltg - latgaļu
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luz - لئری دوٙمینی
lv - latviešu
lzh - 文言
lzz - Lazuri
mad - Madhurâ
mag - मगही
mai - मैथिली
map-bms - Basa Banyumasan
mdf - мокшень
mg - Malagasy
mh - Ebon
mhr - олык марий
mi - Māori
min - Minangkabau
mk - македонски
ml - മലയാളം
mn - монгол
mni - ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ
mnw - ဘာသာ မန်
mo - молдовеняскэ
mos - moore
mr - मराठी
mrh - Mara
mrj - кырык мары
ms - Bahasa Melayu
ms-arab - بهاس ملايو
mt - Malti
mus - Mvskoke
mwl - Mirandés
my - မြန်မာဘာသာ
myv - эрзянь
mzn - مازِرونی
na - Dorerin Naoero
nah - Nāhuatl
nan - Bân-lâm-gú
nap - Napulitano
nb - norsk bokmål
nds - Plattdüütsch
nds-nl - Nedersaksies
ne - नेपाली
new - नेपाल भाषा
ng - Oshiwambo
nia - Li Niha
niu - Niuē
nl - Nederlands
nl-informal - Nederlands (informeel)
nmz - nawdm
nn - norsk nynorsk
no - norsk
nod - ᨣᩤᩴᨾᩮᩬᩥᨦ
nog - ногайша
nov - Novial
nqo - ߒߞߏ
nrm - Nouormand
nso - Sesotho sa Leboa
nv - Diné bizaad
ny - Chi-Chewa
nyn - runyankore
nys - Nyunga
oc - occitan
ojb - Ojibwemowin
olo - livvinkarjala
om - Oromoo
or - ଓଡ଼ିଆ
os - ирон
pa - ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
pag - Pangasinan
pam - Kapampangan
pap - Papiamentu
pcd - Picard
pcm - Naijá
pdc - Deitsch
pdt - Plautdietsch
pfl - Pälzisch
pi - पालि
pih - Norfuk / Pitkern
pl - polski
pms - Piemontèis
pnb - پنجابی
pnt - Ποντιακά
prg - prūsiskan
ps - پښتو
pt - português
pt-br - português do Brasil
pwn - pinayuanan
qqq - Message documentation
qu - Runa Simi
qug - Runa shimi
rgn - Rumagnôl
rif - Tarifit
rki - ရခိုင်
rm - rumantsch
rmc - romaňi čhib
rmy - romani čhib
rn - ikirundi
ro - română
roa-tara - tarandíne
rsk - руски
ru - русский
rue - русиньскый
rup - armãneashti
ruq - Vlăheşte
ruq-cyrl - Влахесте
ruq-latn - Vlăheşte
rw - Ikinyarwanda
ryu - うちなーぐち
sa - संस्कृतम्
sah - саха тыла
sat - ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ
sc - sardu
scn - sicilianu
sco - Scots
sd - سنڌي
sdc - Sassaresu
sdh - کوردی خوارگ
se - davvisámegiella
se-fi - davvisámegiella (Suoma bealde)
se-no - davvisámegiella (Norgga bealde)
se-se - davvisámegiella (Ruoŧa bealde)
sei - Cmique Itom
ses - Koyraboro Senni
sg - Sängö
sgs - žemaitėška
sh - srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
sh-cyrl - српскохрватски (ћирилица)
sh-latn - srpskohrvatski (latinica)
shi - Taclḥit
shi-latn - Taclḥit
shi-tfng - ⵜⴰⵛⵍⵃⵉⵜ
shn - ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး
shy - tacawit
shy-latn - tacawit
si - සිංහල
simple - Simple English
sjd - кӣллт са̄мь кӣлл
sje - bidumsámegiella
sk - slovenčina
skr - سرائیکی
skr-arab - سرائیکی
sl - slovenščina
sli - Schläsch
sm - Gagana Samoa
sma - åarjelsaemien
smn - anarâškielâ
sms - nuõrttsääʹmǩiõll
sn - chiShona
so - Soomaaliga
sq - shqip
sr - српски / srpski
sr-ec - српски (ћирилица)
sr-el - srpski (latinica)
srn - Sranantongo
sro - sardu campidanesu
ss - SiSwati
st - Sesotho
stq - Seeltersk
sty - себертатар
su - Sunda
sv - svenska
sw - Kiswahili
syl - ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ
szl - ślůnski
szy - Sakizaya
ta - தமிழ்
tay - Tayal
tcy - ತುಳು
tdd - ᥖᥭᥰᥖᥬᥳᥑᥨᥒᥰ
te - తెలుగు
tet - tetun
tg - тоҷикӣ
tg-cyrl - тоҷикӣ
tg-latn - tojikī
th - ไทย
ti - ትግርኛ
tk - Türkmençe
tl - Tagalog
tly - tolışi
tly-cyrl - толыши
tn - Setswana
to - lea faka-Tonga
tok - toki pona
tpi - Tok Pisin
tr - Türkçe
tru - Ṫuroyo
trv - Seediq
ts - Xitsonga
tt - татарча / tatarça
tt-cyrl - татарча
tt-latn - tatarça
tum - chiTumbuka
tw - Twi
ty - reo tahiti
tyv - тыва дыл
tzm - ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ
udm - удмурт
ug - ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche
ug-arab - ئۇيغۇرچە
ug-latn - Uyghurche
uk - українська
ur - اردو
uz - oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча
uz-cyrl - ўзбекча
uz-latn - oʻzbekcha
ve - Tshivenda
vec - vèneto
vep - vepsän kel’
vi - Tiếng Việt
vls - West-Vlams
vmf - Mainfränkisch
vmw - emakhuwa
vo - Volapük
vot - Vaďďa
vro - võro
wa - walon
wal - wolaytta
war - Winaray
wls - Fakaʻuvea
wo - Wolof
wuu - 吴语
xal - хальмг
xh - isiXhosa
xmf - მარგალური
xsy - saisiyat
yi - ייִדיש
yo - Yorùbá
yrl - Nhẽẽgatú
yue - 粵語
za - Vahcuengh
zea - Zeêuws
zgh - ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ
zh - 中文
zh-cn - 中文(中国大陆)
zh-hans - 中文(简体)
zh-hant - 中文(繁體)
zh-hk - 中文(香港)
zh-mo - 中文(澳門)
zh-my - 中文(马来西亚)
zh-sg - 中文(新加坡)
zh-tw - 中文(臺灣)
zu - isiZulu
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:Tutorial de programare Python}}<languages/> {{Docnav |[[Introduction_to_Python|Introduction to Python]] |[[FreeCAD_Scripting_Basics|FreeCAD Scripting Basics]] }} {{TOCright}} ==Introduction== <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_%28programming_language%29 Python] este un limbaj de programare, foarte simplu de utilizat și foarte rapid de învățat. Este open-source, multi-platformă și poate fi folosit singur pentru o gamă largă de lucruri, de la programarea scripturilor simple shell la programele foarte complexe. Dar una dintre cele mai răspândite utilizări este ca un limbaj de scripting, deoarece este ușor de încorporat în alte aplicații. Exact așa este folosit în interiorul FreeCAD. Din consola Python sau din scripturile personalizate, puteți încerca FreeCAD și o puteți face să efectueze acțiuni foarte complexe pentru care nu există încă un instrument grafic de interfață cu utilizatorul. </div> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Dintr-un script Python, de exemplu, puteți: * crea obiecte noi * modifica obiectele existente * modifica reprezentarea 3D a acestor obiecte * modifica interfața FreeCAD </div> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Există, de asemenea, mai multe moduri diferite de a folosi Python în FreeCAD: * Din [[FreeCAD Scripting Basics|FreeCAD python interpreter]], unde puteți emite comenzi simple ca într-o interfață "command line"-style interface * Din [[macros]], care sunt o modalitate convenabilă de a adăuga rapid o unealtă lipsă la interfața FreeCAD * De la scripturi externe, care pot fi folosite pentru a programa lucruri mult mai complexe. ca întreg sistemul de ateliere [[Workbenches]]. </div> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> În acest tutorial, vom lucra pentru început pe câteva exemple simple, dar există, de asemenea, mult mai multă [[Power users hub|documentation about python scripting]] disponibilă pe acest wiki. Dacă sunteți total novice în limbajul Python și doriți să înțelegeți cum funcționează, avem de asemenea o bază [[introduction to Python]]. </div> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> '''Important!''' Înainte de a continua scriptul Python, mergeți la fereastra {{MenuCommand|Edit->Prefences->General->Output}} și bifați 2 căsuțe: *Redirecționați ieșirea internă Python către vizualizarea raportului * Redirecționați erorile interne Python către vizualizarea raportului Then go to {{MenuCommand|View->Panels}} and check: * Report view Acest lucru vă va feri de o mulțime de probleme grave! </div> <span id="Writing_Python_code"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> == Scrierea codului python == Există două modalități ușoare de a scrie codul python în FreeCAD: Din consola python (disponibilă din View -> Panels -> Python console menu) ori din Macro editor (Tools -> Macros). In consolă, scrieți comenzi python una câte una, care sunt executate atunci când apăsați retur de car (Enter), în timp ce macrocomenzile pot conține un script mai complex compus din mai multe linii care se execută numai când macro-ul este executat. </div> There are two ways to write Python code in FreeCAD. In the [[Python console|Python console]] (select {{MenuCommand|View → Panels → Python console}} from the menu) or in the [[Std_DlgMacroExecute|Macro editor]] (select {{MenuCommand|Macro → Macros...}} from the menu). In the console you write Python commands one by one, executing them by pressing {{KEY|Enter}}, while macros can contain more complex code made up of several lines, executed only when the macro is executed. [[Image:Screenshot_pythoninterpreter.jpg]] <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> [[Image:Screenshot_pythoninterpreter.jpg|center|frame|The FreeCAD python console]] </div> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> În acest tutorial, veți putea utiliza ambele metode fie prin copierea / lipirea fiecărei linii una câte una în consola python și apăsând {{KEY|Return}} după fiecare linie, ori prin copy/paste întregul cod într-o nouă fereastră Macro. </div> {{Top}} <span id="Exploring_FreeCAD"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> == Explorând FreeCAD == Hai să începem prin crearea unui nou document vid: </div> Let's start by creating a new empty document: {{Code|code= doc = FreeCAD.newDocument() }} <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Dacă introduceți acest lucru în consola Python FreeCAD, veți observa că, de îndată ce tastați "FreeCAD.", Se va afișa un fereastră, permițând rapid completarea automată a restului liniei. Chiar mai bine, fiecare intrare din lista de auto-complete are o sugestie care explică ce face. Acest lucru face foarte ușoară explorarea funcționalității disponibile. Înainte de a alege "newDocument", aruncați o privire asupra celorlalte opțiuni disponibile. </div> [[Image:Screenshot_classbrowser.jpg]] <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> [[Image:Screenshot_classbrowser.jpg|center|frame|The autocomplete mechanism of the FreeCAD python console]] </div> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Acum, noul nostru document va fi creat. Acest lucru este similar cu apăsarea butonului "document nou" de pe bara de instrumente. De fapt, majoritatea butoanelor din FreeCAD nu fac decât să execute o linie sau două coduri Python. Chiar mai bine, puteți seta o opțiune în {{MenuCommand|Edit->Preferences->General->Macro}} pentru a "show script commands in python console". Aceasta va afișa în consolă tot codul python executat când apăsați butoanele. Foarte util pentru a afla cum să reproduceți acțiunile în Python. </div> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Acum să ne întoarcem la documentul nostru. Să vedem ce putem face cu el: </div> {{Code|code= doc. }} <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Explorați opțiunile disponibile. De obicei, numele care încep cu o literă de capital sunt atribute, ele conțin o valoare, în timp ce numele care încep cu litera subliniată arată că sunt funcții (numite și metode), fac "ceva". Numele care încep cu un subliniere sunt de obicei acolo pentru funcționarea internă a modulului și nu ar trebui să le pese de ele. Să folosim una dintre metodele de adăugare a unui obiect nou în documentul nostru: </div> {{Code|code= box = doc.addObject("Part::Box", "myBox") }} <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Nu se întâmplă nimic. De ce? Deoarece FreeCAD este creat pentru imaginea de ansamblu. Într-o zi, va funcționa cu sute de obiecte complexe, toate depinzând unul de altul. Efectuarea unei mici schimbări ar putea avea un impact mare, ar putea să trebuiască să recalculați tot documentul, ceea ce ar putea dura mult timp/ Trebuie să o faceți manual: </div> {{Code|code= doc.recompute() }} <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Vedeți? Acum, caseta noastră a apărut! Multe dintre butoanele care adaugă obiecte în FreeCAD fac de fapt 2 lucruri: adăugă obiectul și recalculaează. Dacă ați activat opțiunea "show script commands in python console" "comenzile scriptului de prezentare din consola python" de mai sus, încercați acum să adăugați o sferă cu butonul GUI, veți vedea că cele două linii de cod python sunt executate una după alta. </div> Acum, să explorăm conținutul casetei noastre: {{Code|code= box. }} Veți vedea imediat câteva lucruri foarte interesante, cum ar fi: {{Code|code= box.Height }} Aceasta va tipări înălțimea curentă a casetei noastre. Acum, să încercăm să schimbăm acest lucru: {{Code|code= box.Height = 5 }} <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Dacă selectați o casetă cu mouse-ul, veți vedea că în panoul proprietăților, în fila "Data", apare proprietatea noastră "Height". Toate proprietățile unui obiect FreeCAD care apar acolo (și, de asemenea, în fila "Vizualizare", mai multe despre asta mai târziu), sunt direct accesibile și prin Python, prin numele lor, așa cum am făcut-o cu proprietatea "Height". Încercați să modificați celelalte dimensiuni ale căsuței. </div> {{Top}} <span id="Vectors_and_placements"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> == Vectori și Plasamente == [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclidean_vector Vectors] sunt un concept foarte fundamental în orice aplicație 3D. Este o listă cu 3 numere (x, y și z), care descriu un punct sau o poziție în spațiul 3D. O mulțime de lucruri se pot face cu vectori, cum ar fi adăugiri, scăderi, proiecții și [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_space much more]. In FreeCAD vectorii lucrează cam așa: </div> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclidean_vector Vectors] are a very fundamental concept in any 3D application. A vector is a list of 3 numbers (x, y and z), describing a point or position in 3D space. Many things can be done with vectors, such as additions, subtractions, projections and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_space much more]. In FreeCAD vectors work like this: {{Code|code= myvec = FreeCAD.Vector(2, 0, 0) myvec.x myvec.y othervec = FreeCAD.Vector(0, 3, 0) sumvec = myvec.add(othervec) }} <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> O altă caracteristică comună a obiectelor FreeCAD este [[Placement|placement]]. Fiecare obiect are atribute de plasare, care conține poziția (baza) și orientarea (rotirea) obiectului. Este ușor de manipulat, de exemplu pentru a ne mișca obiectul: </div> {{Code|code= box.Placement box.Placement.Base box.Placement.Base = sumvec otherpla = FreeCAD.Placement() box.Placement = otherpla }} Acum trebuie să înțelegeți câteva concepte importante înainte de a ajunge mai departe. {{Top}} <span id="App_and_Gui"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> == Apicații și Interfață grafică== FreeCAD de la început a fost conceput pentru a funcționa ca o aplicație pe linie de comandă, fără interfața sa de utilizator. Ca rezultat, aproape totul este separat între o componentă "geometrie" și o componentă "vizuală". Când lucrați în modul de comandă, partea de geometrie este prezentă, dar toată partea vizuală este pur și simplu dezactivată. Aproape orice obiect din FreeCAD este compus din două părți, an Object and a ViewObject. </div> FreeCAD has been designed so that it can also be used without its user interface, as a command-line application. Almost every object in FreeCAD therefore consists of two parts: an {{incode|Object}}, its "geometry" component, and a {{incode|ViewObject}}, its "visual" component. When you work in command-line mode, the geometry part is present, but the visual part is disabled. <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Pentru a ilustra conceptul, a se vedea obiectul nostru cub, proprietățile geometrice ale cubului, cum ar fi dimensiunile, poziția etc., sunt stocate în obiect, în timp ce proprietățile sale vizuale, cum ar fi culoarea, grosimea liniei etc. sunt stocate în obiectul de vizualizare. Aceasta corespunde fișierelor "Data" și "Vew" din fereastra de proprietăți. Obiectul de vizualizare al unui obiect este accesat astfel: </div> {{Code|code= vo = box.ViewObject }} <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Acum, puteți schimba și proprietățile filei "View": </div> {{Code|code= vo.Transparency = 80 vo.hide() vo.show() }} <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Când porniți FreeCAD, consola python are încarcate deja 2 module de bază: FreeCAD și FreeCADGui (care pot fi accesate și prin comenzile rapide App și Gui). Acestea conțin toate tipurile de funcții generice pentru a lucra cu documentele și obiectele acestora. Pentru a ilustra conceptul nostru, a se vedea că atât FreeCAD cât și FreeCADGui conțin un atribut ActiveDocument, care este documentul deschis în prezent. FreeCAD.ActiveDocument și FreeCADGui.ActiveDocument nu sunt același obiect. Acestea sunt cele două componente ale unui document FreeCAD și conțin atribute și metode diferite. De exemplu, FreeCADGui.ActiveDocument conține ActiveView, care este vizualizarea 3D curentă/actuală </div> {{Top}} <span id="Modules"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> == Module == Acum, ar trebui să te întrebi ce, se poate face cu "Part::Box"? Aplicația de bază FreeCAD este mai mult sau mai puțin un container gol. Fără modulele sale, acesta nu poate face decât să creeze noi documente goale. Adevărata putere a FreeCAD este în modulele sale credincioase. Fiecare dintre ele adaugă la interfață nu numai noi ateliere de lucru, ci și noi comenzi python și tipuri noi de obiecte. Ca rezultat, mai multe tipuri de obiecte diferite sau chiar total incompatibile pot coexista în același document. Cele mai importante module din FreeCAD, pe care le vom analiza în acest tutorial, sunt [[Part Workbench|Part]], [[Mesh Workbench|Mesh]], [[Sketcher Workbench|Sketcher]] ori [[Draft Workbench|Draft]]. </div> The true power of FreeCAD lies in its faithful modules, with their respective workbenches. The FreeCAD base application is more or less an empty container. Without its modules it can do little more than create new, empty documents. Each module not only adds new workbenches to the interface, but also new Python commands and new object types. As a result several different, and even totally incompatible, object types can coexist in the same document. The most important modules in FreeCAD that we'll look at in this tutorial are: [[Part_Workbench|Part]], [[Mesh_Workbench|Mesh]], [[Sketcher_Workbench|Sketcher]] and [[Draft_Workbench|Draft]]. <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> [[Sketcher Workbench|Sketcher]] și [[Draft Workbench|Draft]] amândouă utilizează modulul [[Part Workbench|Part]] pentru a crea și manipula geometria lor, care este Boundary Representation - BRep [[Mesh Workbench|Mesh]] este total independentă și își ocupă propriile obiecte. Mai multe despre acestea sunt în cele de mai jos. </div> Puteți verifica toate tipurile de obiecte de bază disponibile pentru documentul curent, după cum urmează: {{Code|code= doc.supportedTypes() }} <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Diferitele module FreeCAD, deși și-au adăugat tipurile de obiecte în FreeCAD, nu sunt încărcate automat în consola python. Aceasta este pentru a evita o pornire foarte lentă. Modulele sunt încărcate numai atunci când aveți nevoie de ele. De exemplu, pentru a explora ce se află în interiorul modulului Piese: </div> {{Code|code= import Part Part. }} Dar vom vorbi mai multe despre modulul Piese mai jos. {{Top}} <span id="Mesh_module"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> == Plase == </div> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygon_mesh Meshes] sunt un tip foarte simplu de obiecte 3D, folosite de exemplu de [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SketchUp Sketchup], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blender_%28software%29 Blender] or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autodesk_3ds_Max 3D studio Max]. Ele sunt compuse din 3 elemente: puncte (numite și vârfuri), linii (numite și margini) și fațete. În multe aplicații, inclusiv în FreeCAD, fațetele pot avea doar 3 noduri. Dar, desigur, nimic nu vă împiedică să aveți o față mai mare plană făcută din mai multe triunghiuri coplanare. </div> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Mesh-urile sunt simple, acest lucru poate fi un lucru rău, însă pentru multe aplicații, cum ar fi cele menționate mai sus, se dovedește a fi un avantaj, deoarece acestea sunt atât de simple încât puteți avea cu ușurință milioane dintr-un singur document. În FreeCAD, totuși, acestea au mai puțină utilizare și sunt mai mult acolo, astfel încât să puteți importa obiecte în formate de plasă (.stl, .obj) din alte aplicații. De asemenea, a fost utilizat extensiv ca modul principal de testare în prima lună a vieții FreeCAD. </div> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Obiectele tip Plasă/rețea de discretizare/meshes și obiectele FreeCAD sunt lucruri diferite. Puteți vedea obiectul FreeCAD ca un container pentru un obiect Mesh (cum ar fi, vom vedea mai jos, și pentru obiectele Piese de asemenea). Deci, pentru a adăuga un obiect tip plasă la FreeCAD, trebuie mai întâi să creăm un obiect FreeCAD și un obiect Mesh, apoi să adăugăm obiectul Mesh la obiectul FreeCAD: </div> {{Code|code= import Mesh mymesh = Mesh.createSphere() mymesh.Facets mymesh.Points meshobj = doc.addObject("Mesh::Feature", "MyMesh") meshobj.Mesh = mymesh doc.recompute() }} <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Acesta este un exemplu standard, care folosește metoda createSphere() pentru a crea automat o sferă, dar puteți crea foarte bine plase/mesh-uri personalizate de la zero, definindu-le vârfurile și fețele. </div> [[Mesh Scripting|Read more about mesh scripting...]] {{Top}} <span id="Part_module"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> == Piese == [[Part Workbench]] este modulul cel mai puternic din întregul FreeCAD. Permite crearea și manipularea obeictelor [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boundary_representation BRep]. Acest tip de obiect, spre deosebire de Plase cu ochiuri, poate avea o mare varietate de componente. Pentru a rezuma, Brep înseamnă Boundary Representation-Reprezentarea limitelor, ceea ce înseamnă că ele sunt definite de către suprafețele lor, care cuprind și definesc un volum interior. Aceste suprafețe pot fi o varietate de lucruri, cum ar fi fațetele plane sau suprafețele NURBS foarte complexe. Ele poartă, de asemenea, conceptul de volum. </div> The [[Part_Workbench|Part]] module is the most powerful module in the whole of FreeCAD. It allows you to create and manipulate [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boundary_representation BRep] objects. BREP stands for "Boundary Representation". A BREP object is defined by surfaces that enclose and define an inner volume. Unlike meshes, BREP objects can have a wide variety of components from planar faces to very complex NURBS surfaces. <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Modulul /Atelierul Piese se bazeză pe putrnica bilbiotecă [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_CASCADE_Technology OpenCasCade] bibliotecă, care permite o gamă largă de operații complexe să fie ușor de realizat pe acele obiecte, cum ar fi operațiile booleene, filetarea, lofts etc. </div> Modulul Part/Piese funcționează la fel ca modulul Mesh/Plase: Creați un obiect FreeCAD, un obiect Part, apoi adăugați obiectul Part la obiectul FreeCAD: {{Code|code= import Part myshape = Part.makeSphere(10) myshape.Volume myshape.Area shapeobj = doc.addObject("Part::Feature", "MyShape") shapeobj.Shape = myshape doc.recompute() }} <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Modulul Part (cum ar fi modulul Mesh) are, de asemenea, o comandă rapidă care creează automat un obiect FreeCAD și adaugă o formă pentru acesta, astfel încât să puteți sări peste cele trei linii de mai sus: </div> {{Code|code= Part.show(myshape) }} <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Prin explorarea conținutului myshape, veți observa multe subcomponente interesante cum ar fi Faces/Fațete, margini/muchii, vârfuri, solide sau forme coji și o gamă largă de operații de geometrie, cum ar fi substractivitatea (scăderea), comunitatea (intersecția) sau fuziunea (uniunea). Pagina cu [[Topological data scripting/ro|Scriptarea datelor topologice]] explică toate detaliile. </div> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> [[Topological data scripting|Read more about part scripting...]] </div> {{Top}} <span id="Draft_module"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> == Desen 2 D == Careacteristicile FreeCAD features sunt în multe module, ca de exemplu [[Sketcher Workbench|Sketcher]] ori [[Draft Workbench|Draft]], care creează, de asemenea, obiecte Piese, dar adaugă parametri sau chiar abordează o nouă modalitate de a gestiona geometria pieselor în ele. Exemplul casetei de mai sus este un exemplu perfect de obiect parametric. Tot ce aveți nevoie, pentru a defini caseta, este să specificați câțiva parametri, cum ar fi înălțimea, lățimea și lungimea. Pe baza acestora, obiectul va calcula automat forma piesei sale. FreeCAD vă permite să [[Scripted objects|create such objects in python]]. </div> FreeCAD features many more modules, such as [[Sketcher_Workbench|Sketcher]] and [[Draft_Workbench|Draft]], that also create Part objects. These modules add additional parameters to the objects created, or even implement a whole new way to handle the Part geometry in them. Our box example above is a perfect example of a parametric object. All you need to define the box is to specify the parameters height, width and length. Based on those, the object will automatically calculate its Part shape. FreeCAD allows you to [[Scripted_objects|create such objects in Python]]. <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> [[Draft Workbench]] adaugă câteva tipuri de obiecte parametrice 2D parametric (care sunt toate obiecte Part) ca de exemplu linile și cercurile, și oferă, de asemenea, câteva funcții generice care funcționează nu numai pe obiectele create de Draft, ci și pe orice obiect Part. Pentru a explora ceea ce este disponibil, pur și simplu faceți: </div> {{Code|code= import Draft rec = Draft.makeRectangle(5, 2) mvec = FreeCAD.Vector(4, 4, 0) Draft.move(rec, mvec) Draft.move(box, mvec) }} {{Top}} <span id="Interface"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> == Interfață == Interfața user a FreeCAD este realizată cu [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qt_%28framework%29 Qt], un sistem puternic de interfață grafică, responsabil pentru desenarea și manipularea tuturor comenzilor, meniurilor, barelor de instrumente, butoanelor în jurul vizualizării 3D. Qt oferă un modul, numit PySide, care permite Python-ului să acceseze și să modifice interfețele Qt, cum ar fi FreeCAD. Să încercăm să modificăm interfața Qt și să producem un dialog simplu: </div> The FreeCAD user interface is made with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qt_(software) Qt], a powerful graphical interface system, responsible for drawing and handling all the controls, menus, toolbars and buttons around the [[3D_view|3D view]]. Qt provides a module, [[PySide]], which allows Python to access and modify Qt interfaces such as FreeCAD's. Let's try to fiddle with the Qt interface and produce a simple dialog: {{Code|code= from PySide import QtGui QtGui.QMessageBox.information(None, "Apollo program", "Houston, we have a problem") }} <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Vedeți că dialogul care apare are pictograma FreeCAD din bara de instrumente, ceea ce înseamnă că Qt știe că ordinul a fost emis din interiorul aplicației FreeCAD. Prin urmare, putem manipula direct orice parte a interfeței FreeCAD. </div> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Qt este un sistem de interfață foarte puternic, care vă permite să faceți lucruri foarte complexe, dar are și câteva instrumente foarte ușor de folosit, cum ar fi designerul Qt, cu care puteți crea dialoguri grafic și apoi le puteți adăuga la interfața FreeCAD cu câteva linii de python. </div> [[PySide|Read more about PySide here...]] {{Top}} <span id="Macros"></span> <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> == Macro-uri == Acum, că aveți o bună înțelegere a principiilor de bază, unde vom păstra scripturile noastre Python și cum le vom lansa cu ușurință de pe FreeCAD? Există un mecanism ușor pentru acesta, numit [[Macros]]. O macrocomandă este pur și simplu un script python, care poate fi apoi adăugat la o bară de instrumente și poate fi lansat printr-un simplu click de mouse. FreeCAD vă oferă un editor simplu de text (Macro -> Macros -> Creare) unde puteți scrie sau lipi scripturi. După ce s-a terminat, Instrumentele -> Customize -> Macro-urile vă permit să definiți un buton pentru acesta, care poate fi adăugat la barele de instrumente. </div> Now that you have a good understanding of the basics, where are we going to keep our Python scripts, and how are we going to launch them inside FreeCAD? There is an easy mechanism for that, called [[Macros|Macros]]. A macro is a Python script that can be added to a toolbar and launched via a mouse click. FreeCAD provides you with a simple text editor ({{MenuCommand|Macro → Macros... → Create}}) where you can write or paste scripts. Once the script is done, use {{MenuCommand|Tools → Customize... → Macros}} to define a button for it that can be added to toolbars. ==External scripts== An alternative method for creating, saving, and running your own Python scripts is to create them outside FreeCAD, using an editor of your choice (for example, Vim). To run your Python script inside FreeCAD, be sure to save it with the {{FileName|.py}} extension. Then use {{MenuCommand|File → Open}} to open your script. It will load into a new tab in the [[Main_view_area|Main view area]]. You can run your script by clicking the {{Button|[[Image:Std_DlgMacroExecuteDirect.svg|16px]] [[Std_DlgMacroExecuteDirect|Execute macro]]}} button. Any errors or script output will be shown in the [[Report_view|Report view]]. When you make and save any modifications to your already-loaded script, a dialog box will appear asking whether you want to reload the modified script into FreeCAD. <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Acum sunteți gata pentru mai multă programare/script FreeCAD în profunzime. Deplasați-vă la [[Power users hub]]! </div> {{Top}} <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> {{docnav|Introduction to Python|FreeCAD Scripting Basics}} </div> {{Powerdocnavi{{#translation:}}}} [[Category:Developer Documentation{{#translation:}}]] [[Category:Python Code{{#translation:}}]]