Jump to content
Toggle sidebar
Search
English
Log in
Personal tools
Log in
Index
Overview
Features
Screenshots
Download
FAQ
Forum
Tracker
General usage
User Hub
Manual
Tutorials
Installing
Getting started
Navigation styles
Customizing FreeCAD
Commands list
Workbenches
Workbenches list
Assembly
BIM/Arch
CAM/Path
Draft
FEM
Inspection
Material
Mesh
OpenSCAD
Part
PartDesign
Points
Reverse Engineering
Robot
Sketcher
Spreadsheet
Surface
TechDraw
External workbenches
Python scripting
Powerusers hub
Discovering Python
Python in FreeCAD
Macros
Mesh scripting
Part scripting
Pivy
PySide
Parametric objects
Code examples
Python API
Development
Developers hub
How to contribute
Git repository
Compiling
License details
Organization chart
Startup options
Branding
Translating
Help & Feedback
Forum
Bugs tracker
IRC channel
Facebook
Twitter
Mastodon
Meta
Recent changes
Random page
Links
Tools
Special pages
Printable version
Export translations
Translate
English
Language statistics
Message group statistics
Export
More
Language statistics
Message group statistics
Export
Settings
Group
3D input devices
3D view
3Dconnexion input devices
A2plus Workbench
About FreeCAD
Add Button to FEM Toolbar Tutorial
Add FEM Constraint Tutorial
Add FEM Equation Tutorial
Add Workbench to Addon Manager
Addon
Advanced Attachment OYX
Advanced TechDraw Tutorial
Aeroplane
Analysis of reinforced concrete with FEM
Animation Workbench
ANSI templates
App DocumentObject
App DocumentObjectGroup
App FeaturePython
App GeoFeature
App Link
App OriginGroupExtension
App Part
AppImage
Arch 3DS
Arch 3Views
Arch Add
Arch API
Arch Axis
Arch AxisSystem
Arch Building
Arch BuildingPart
Arch Check
Arch CloneComponent
Arch CloseHoles
Arch Component
Arch CurtainWall
Arch CutLine
Arch CutPlane
Arch DAE
Arch Equipment
Arch Fence
Arch Floor
Arch Frame
Arch Grid
Arch IFC
Arch IfcSpreadsheet
Arch JSON
Arch MergeWalls
Arch MeshToShape
Arch MultiMaterial
Arch Nest
Arch OBJ
Arch Panel
Arch Panel Cut
Arch Panel Sheet
Arch panel tutorial
Arch Pipe
Arch PipeConnector
Arch Profile
Arch Project
Arch Rebar
Arch Reference
Arch Remove
Arch RemoveShape
Arch Roof
Arch Schedule
Arch SectionPlane
Arch SelectNonSolidMeshes
Arch SetMaterial
Arch SHP
Arch Site
Arch Space
Arch SplitMesh
Arch Stairs
Arch Structure
Arch Survey
Arch templates
Arch ToggleIfcBrepFlag
Arch ToggleSubs
Arch Truss
Arch tutorial
Arch Wall
Arch Window
Arch Workbench
Artwork
Artwork Assembly
Artwork Assembly3
Artwork BIM
Artwork CAM
Artwork Draft
Artwork Fem
Artwork Gui
Artwork Guidelines
Artwork Inspection
Artwork Material
Artwork Mesh
Artwork MeshPart
Artwork OpenSCAD
Artwork Part
Artwork PartDesign
Artwork Plot
Artwork Points
Artwork Reinforcement
Artwork Render
Artwork ReverseEngineering
Artwork Robot
Artwork Ship
Artwork Sketcher
Artwork Splash screen
Artwork Spreadsheet
Artwork Surface
Artwork TechDraw
Artwork Test
Artwork Tux
Assembly
Assembly CreateAssembly
Assembly CreateBom
Assembly CreateJointAngle
Assembly CreateJointBall
Assembly CreateJointBelt
Assembly CreateJointCylindrical
Assembly CreateJointDistance
Assembly CreateJointFixed
Assembly CreateJointGears
Assembly CreateJointParallel
Assembly CreateJointPerpendicular
Assembly CreateJointRackPinion
Assembly CreateJointRevolute
Assembly CreateJointScrew
Assembly CreateJointSlider
Assembly CreateView
Assembly ExportASMT
Assembly InsertLink
Assembly SolveAssembly
Assembly ToggleGrounded
Assembly Workbench
Assembly2 Workbench
Assembly3 AddOrigin
Assembly3 AddPlacement
Assembly3 AddWorkplane
Assembly3 AddXZWorkplane
Assembly3 AddZYWorkplane
Assembly3 AutoElementVisibility
Assembly3 AutoFixElement
Assembly3 AutoRecompute
Assembly3 AxialMove
Assembly3 ConstraintAlignment
Assembly3 ConstraintAngle
Assembly3 ConstraintArcLineTangent
Assembly3 ConstraintAttachment
Assembly3 ConstraintAttachmentOffset
Assembly3 ConstraintAxial
Assembly3 ConstraintCoincidence
Assembly3 ConstraintColinear
Assembly3 ConstraintDiameter
Assembly3 ConstraintEqualAngle
Assembly3 ConstraintEqualLength
Assembly3 ConstraintEqualLineArcLength
Assembly3 ConstraintEqualPointLineDistance
Assembly3 ConstraintEqualRadius
Assembly3 ConstraintLengthDifference
Assembly3 ConstraintLengthEqualPointLineDistance
Assembly3 ConstraintLengthRatio
Assembly3 ConstraintLineHorizontal
Assembly3 ConstraintLineLength
Assembly3 ConstraintLineVertical
Assembly3 ConstraintLock
Assembly3 ConstraintMidPoint
Assembly3 ConstraintMore
Assembly3 ConstraintMultiParallel
Assembly3 ConstraintPerpendicular
Assembly3 ConstraintPointDistance
Assembly3 ConstraintPointInPlane
Assembly3 ConstraintPointLineDistance
Assembly3 ConstraintPointOnCircle
Assembly3 ConstraintPointOnLine
Assembly3 ConstraintPointPlaneDistance
Assembly3 ConstraintPointsCoincident
Assembly3 ConstraintPointsDistance
Assembly3 ConstraintPointsHorizontal
Assembly3 ConstraintPointsProjectDistance
Assembly3 ConstraintPointsSymmetric
Assembly3 ConstraintPointsVertical
Assembly3 ConstraintSameOrientation
Assembly3 ConstraintSketchPlane
Assembly3 ConstraintSymmetric
Assembly3 ConstraintSymmetricHorizontal
Assembly3 ConstraintSymmetricLine
Assembly3 ConstraintSymmetricVertical
Assembly3 CreateAssembly
Assembly3 CreateElement
Assembly3 GoToRelation
Assembly3 GroupObjects
Assembly3 ImportFromSTEP
Assembly3 ImportMultiDocument
Assembly3 LockMover
Assembly3 MeasureAngle
Assembly3 MeasurePointLine
Assembly3 MeasurePointPlane
Assembly3 MeasurePoints
Assembly3 MoveItemDown
Assembly3 MoveItemUp
Assembly3 MovePart
Assembly3 MultiplyConstraint
Assembly3 QuickMove
Assembly3 QuickSolve
Assembly3 ResolveConstraints
Assembly3 ShowElementCS
Assembly3 SmartRecompute
Assembly3 TogglePartVisibility
Assembly3 TracePartMove
Assembly3 Workbench
Assembly4 Workbench
Asymptote
B-Splines
Base API
Basic Attachment Tutorial
Basic modeling tutorial
Basic Part Design Tutorial
Basic Part Design Tutorial 019
Basic Sketcher Tutorial
Basic TechDraw Tutorial
BIM application compatibility table
BIM Beam
BIM Box
BIM Classification
BIM Clone
BIM Column
BIM Copy
BIM DimensionAligned
BIM DimensionHorizontal
BIM DimensionVertical
BIM Door
BIM IfcElements
BIM IfcExplorer
BIM IfcProperties
BIM IfcQuantities
BIM ingame tutorial
BIM Layers
BIM Leader
BIM Library
BIM Preferences
BIM Preflight
BIM ProjectManager
BIM Setup
BIM Shape2DView
BIM Sketch
BIM Slab
BIM TDPage
BIM TDView
BIM Text
BIM Views
BIM Windows
BIM Workbench
Bitmap
Body
BOLTSFC Workbench
Books
Branding
Builtin modules
CadQuery Workbench
CAM Adaptive
CAM Area
CAM Area Workplane
CAM Array
CAM Comment
CAM Copy
CAM Custom
CAM Deburr
CAM DressupAxisMap
CAM DressupDogbone
CAM DressupDragKnife
CAM DressupLeadInOut
CAM DressupPathBoundary
CAM DressupRampEntry
CAM DressupTag
CAM DressupZCorrect
CAM Drilling
CAM Engrave
CAM experimental
CAM ExportTemplate
CAM FAQ
CAM Fixture
CAM fourth axis
CAM Helix
CAM Inspect
CAM Job
CAM MillFace
CAM OpActiveToggle
CAM Pocket 3D
CAM Pocket Shape
CAM Post
CAM Postprocessor Customization
CAM Preferences
CAM Probe
CAM Profile
CAM Sanity
CAM scripting
CAM SelectLoop
CAM SetupSheet
CAM Shape
CAM SimpleCopy
CAM Simulator
CAM Slot
CAM Stop
CAM Surface
CAM ThreadMilling
CAM ToolBit
CAM ToolBit Library
CAM ToolBitDock
CAM ToolBitLibraryOpen
CAM ToolController
CAM Tools
CAM ToolShape
CAM Vcarve
CAM Walkthrough for the Impatient
CAM Waterline
CAM Workbench
Cfd Workbench
Changelog
Civil Engineering Workbench
Code snippets
Coin3d snippets
Combo view
Command
Common Airfoil Data Import
Compile on Docker
Compile on Linux
Compile on MacOS
Compile on MinGW
Compile on Windows
CompileOnWindows - Reducing Disk Footprint
Compiling
Compiling (Speeding up)
Conda
Console API
Constructive solid geometry
Continuous Integration
Contributors
Copying Objects
Create a FeaturePython object part I
Create a FeaturePython object part II
Creating a simple part with Draft and Part WB
Creating a simple part with Part WB
Creating a simple part with PartDesign
Crowdin Administration
Crowdin Scripts
CurvedShapes CurvedArray
CurvedShapes Workbench
Curves CompressionSpring
Curves Discretize
Curves EditableSpline
Curves ExtendCurve
Curves GordonSurface
Curves Interpolate
Curves IsoCurve
Curves JoinCurve
Curves Line
Curves MultiLoft
Curves ParametricComb
Curves ParametricSolid
Curves PasteSVG
Curves Pipeshell
Curves PipeshellProfile
Curves ProfileSupport
Curves ReflectLines
Curves SegmentSurface
Curves SketchOnSurface
Curves SplitCurve
Curves ToConsole
Curves Workbench
Curves ZebraTool
Custom icon in tree view
Customize Toolbars
DAG view
Datum
Debian development
Debian Unstable
Debugging
Defeaturing
Defeaturing Workbench
Developer hub
Developing FreeCAD with GitKraken
Developing FreeCAD with KDevelop
Development roadmap
Dialog creation
Dialog creation image and animated GIF
Dialog creation reading and writing files
Dialog creation setting colors
Dialog creation with various widgets
Document structure
Donate
Download
Doxygen
Draft AddConstruction
Draft AddNamedGroup
Draft AddToGroup
Draft annotation scale widget
Draft AnnotationStyleEditor
Draft API
Draft ApplyStyle
Draft Arc
Draft Arc 3Points
Draft Array
Draft AutoGroup
Draft BezCurve
Draft BSpline
Draft Circle
Draft CircularArray
Draft Clone
Draft Constrain
Draft CubicBezCurve
Draft DAT
Draft Dimension
Draft Downgrade
Draft Draft2Sketch
Draft Drawing
Draft DXF
Draft Edit
Draft Ellipse
Draft Facebinder
Draft Fillet
Draft FlipDimension
Draft Hatch
Draft Heal
Draft Join
Draft Label
Draft Layer
Draft LayerManager
Draft Line
Draft Mirror
Draft Move
Draft OCA
Draft Offset
Draft OrthoArray
Draft PathArray
Draft PathLinkArray
Draft Pattern
Draft Point
Draft PointArray
Draft PointLinkArray
Draft PolarArray
Draft Polygon
Draft Preferences
Draft Rectangle
Draft Rotate
Draft Scale
Draft SelectGroup
Draft SelectPlane
Draft SetStyle
Draft Shape2DView
Draft ShapeString
Draft ShapeString tutorial
Draft ShowSnapBar
Draft Slope
Draft Snap
Draft Snap Angle
Draft Snap Center
Draft Snap Dimensions
Draft Snap Endpoint
Draft Snap Extension
Draft Snap Grid
Draft Snap Intersection
Draft Snap Lock
Draft Snap Midpoint
Draft Snap Near
Draft Snap Ortho
Draft Snap Parallel
Draft Snap Perpendicular
Draft Snap Special
Draft snap widget
Draft Snap WorkingPlane
Draft Split
Draft Stretch
Draft SubelementHighlight
Draft SVG
Draft Text
Draft ToggleConstructionMode
Draft ToggleContinueMode
Draft ToggleDisplayMode
Draft ToggleGrid
Draft Tray
Draft Trimex
Draft tutorial
Draft Upgrade
Draft Wire
Draft WireToBSpline
Draft Workbench
Draft WorkingPlaneProxy
Drawing
Drawing Annotation
Drawing API example
Drawing Clip
Drawing Dimensioning Addon
Drawing Documentation
Drawing Landscape A3
Drawing Open SVG
Drawing Openbrowser
Drawing Orthoviews
Drawing ProjectShape
Drawing Save
Drawing SpreadsheetView
Drawing Symbol
Drawing Template HowTo
Drawing templates
Drawing tutorial
Drawing View
Drawing Workbench
DXF
DynamicData Workbench
EM FHEquiv
EM FHInputFile
EM FHNode
EM FHPath
EM FHPlane
EM FHPlaneAddRemoveNodeHole
EM FHPlaneHole
EM FHPort
EM FHSegment
EM FHSolver
EM Workbench
Embedding FreeCAD
Embedding FreeCADGui
Engine Block Tutorial
Example Combined Footing
Example Slab Having LShape Rebars Reinforcement Mesh
Example Slab Having Mesh Of Straight Rebars
Example Slab Having UShape Rebars Reinforcement Mesh
Example Slab Spanning in One Direction
Example Slab Spanning in Two Directions
ExplodedAssembly Workbench
Export to STL or OBJ
Expressions
Extend FEM Module
External workbenches
Extra python modules
Fasteners BOM
Fasteners ChamferHole
Fasteners ChangeParameters
Fasteners Flip
Fasteners MatchTypeInner
Fasteners MatchTypeOuter
Fasteners Move
Fasteners ScrewCalculator
Fasteners Simplify
Fasteners Workbench
FCGear BevelGear
FCGear CrownGear
FCGear CycloidGear
FCGear CycloidRack
FCGear GearConnector
FCGear HypoCycloidGear
FCGear InternalInvoluteGear
FCGear InvoluteGear
FCGear InvoluteRack
FCGear LanternGear
FCGear TimingGear
FCGear Workbench
FCGear WormGear
Fcmcua Workbench
Feature
Feature editing
Feature list
FeaturePython Custom Properties
FeaturePython methods
FEM Analysis
FEM CalculiX
FEM CalculiX Cantilever 3D
FEM ClippingPlaneAdd
FEM ClippingPlaneRemoveAll
FEM Concrete
FEM ConstantVacuumPermittivity
FEM ConstraintBearing
FEM ConstraintBodyHeatSource
FEM ConstraintCentrif
FEM ConstraintContact
FEM ConstraintCurrentDensity
FEM ConstraintDisplacement
FEM ConstraintElectrostaticPotential
FEM ConstraintFixed
FEM ConstraintFlowVelocity
FEM ConstraintFluidBoundary
FEM ConstraintForce
FEM ConstraintGear
FEM ConstraintHeatflux
FEM ConstraintInitialFlowVelocity
FEM ConstraintInitialPressure
FEM ConstraintInitialTemperature
FEM ConstraintMagnetization
FEM ConstraintPlaneRotation
FEM ConstraintPressure
FEM ConstraintPulley
FEM ConstraintRigidBody
FEM ConstraintSectionPrint
FEM ConstraintSelfWeight
FEM ConstraintSpring
FEM ConstraintTemperature
FEM ConstraintTie
FEM ConstraintTransform
FEM CreateNodesSet
FEM Element Types
FEM ElementFluid1D
FEM ElementGeometry1D
FEM ElementGeometry2D
FEM ElementRotation1D
FEM EquationDeformation
FEM EquationElasticity
FEM EquationElectricforce
FEM EquationElectrostatic
FEM EquationFlow
FEM EquationFlux
FEM EquationHeat
FEM EquationMagnetodynamic
FEM EquationMagnetodynamic2D
FEM Example Capacitance Two Balls
FEM Examples
FEM FemMesh2Mesh
FEM FrontISTR Workbench
FEM Geometry Preparation and Meshing
FEM Install
FEM MaterialEditor
FEM MaterialFluid
FEM MaterialMechanicalNonlinear
FEM MaterialReinforced
FEM MaterialSolid
FEM Mesh
FEM Mesh CalculiX
FEM MeshBoundaryLayer
FEM MeshClear
FEM MeshDisplayInfo
FEM MeshGmshFromShape
FEM MeshGroup
FEM MeshNetgenFromShape
FEM MeshRegion
FEM PostApplyChanges
FEM PostCreateFunctionBox
FEM PostCreateFunctionCylinder
FEM PostCreateFunctionPlane
FEM PostCreateFunctionSphere
FEM PostFilterClipRegion
FEM PostFilterClipScalar
FEM PostFilterContours
FEM PostFilterCutFunction
FEM PostFilterDataAlongLine
FEM PostFilterDataAtPoint
FEM PostFilterLinearizedStresses
FEM PostFilterWarp
FEM PostPipelineFromResult
FEM Preferences
FEM ResultShow
FEM ResultsPurge
FEM Shear of a Composite Block
FEM Solver
FEM SolverCalculiX
FEM SolverCalculixCxxtools
FEM SolverControl
FEM SolverElmer
FEM SolverElmer SolverSettings
FEM SolverMystran
FEM SolverRun
FEM SolverZ88
FEM tutorial
FEM Tutorial Python
FEM Workbench
FEMbyGEN Workbench
File Format FCStd
Fine-tuning
Flamingo Workbench
Flatpak
FreeCAD and DWG Import
FreeCAD and DXF Import
FreeCAD and Mesh Import
FreeCAD API
FreeCAD Build Tool
FreeCAD Community Portal
FreeCAD Docker CLI mode
FreeCAD Managing Expectations
FreeCAD Scripting Basics
FreeCAD used in production
FreeCAD vector math library
FreeCAD-SH3D
FreeCAD-Ship s60 tutorial
FreeCAD-Ship s60 tutorial (II)
FreeCADGui API
Frequently asked questions
Getting started
Git buildpackage
Glossary
GlTF
Gui Command
GuiCommand model
Headless FreeCAD
Help
Help FreeCAD
History
How to install additional workbenches
How to install macros
IfcOpenShell
IfcPlusPlus
Image CreateImagePlane
Image Open
Image Scaling
Image Workbench
Import Export
Import Export Preferences
Import from STL or OBJ
Import OpenSCAD code
Import text and geometry from Inkscape
Import/Export IFC - compiling IfcOpenShell
Important information
Importing From Sketchup
InputField
Inspection Workbench
Installing additional components
Installing Helpfile
Installing more workbenches
Installing on Linux
Installing on Mac
Installing on Windows
Interface
Interface creation
Interface Customization
Introduction to Python
Key ASCII
KicadStepUp Workbench
Lattice2 AttachablePlacement
Lattice2 Workbench
LGTM
License
Line drawing function
LinkSub
LinkSubList
Linux packaging
Localisation
Localisation Sidebar
Localization Older Methods
LuxCoreRender
LuxRender
MacOS packaging
Macro 3D Parametric Curve
Macro 3d Printer Slicer
Macro 3d Printer Slicer Individual Parts
Macro 3D Printer Workflow
Macro 3DXML import
Macro AeroFoil
Macro Airfoil Import & Scale
Macro Alias For Table For Object
Macro Align Camera to Working Plane
Macro Align Face Object to View
Macro Align Object to View
Macro Align View to Face
Macro Align Working Plane to Camera
Macro Animated Constrain
Macro Animator
Macro Apothem Based Prism GUI
Macro Arch Axis System Repartition
Macro ArrayCopy
Macro Assemblage Imprimante 3D
Macro Assembly
Macro at Startup
Macro Automatic drawing
Macro Bevel
Macro BOLTS
Macro BoundingBox Tracing
Macro BSurf from grid
Macro Build Utility
Macro Cabinets32
Macro CartoucheFC
Macro CartoucheFC 2
Macro CartoucheFC Full
Macro Center Align Objects with Faces or Edges
Macro CenterFace
Macro CenterOfMass
Macro Circle
Macro CirclePlus
Macro clone explicit
Macro CloneConvert
Macro Colorize
Macro Compound Plus
Macro Connect And Sweep
Macro Constraint Draft
Macro ConstraintToAlias
Macro Convert 021
Macro Copy3DViewToClipboard
Macro Corner shapes wizard
Macro Corner shapes wizard/update
Macro crank simul
Macro Creating faces from a DXF file
Macro cross section
Macro Cut Circle
Macro Cut Line
Macro DeepCopy
Macro Delta xyz
Macro documentation
Macro Draft Circle 3 Points
Macro Draft Circle 3 Points 3D
Macro Draft Circle Tangent
Macro Draw 2D Function
Macro Draw Parametric 2D Function
Macro Dump Objects
Macro Duplicate Selection
Macro DXF to Face and Sketch
Macro Easy cutouts for Enclosure Design
Macro EasyAlias
Macro EasyReflector
Macro EdgesToArc
Macro Editor Assistant
Macro Ellipse-Center+2Points
Macro ExpandTreeItem
Macro export transient FEM results
Macro Extract Wires from Mesh
Macro FaceToSketch
Macro FC Convert Lines
Macro FC element selector
Macro FCBmpImport
Macro FCCamera
Macro FCCamGroover
Macro FCCircularText
Macro FCGear
Macro FCHoneycombMaker
Macro FCInfo
Macro FCInfo Alternate Linux
Macro FCInfo ToolBar
Macro FCInfoGlass
Macro FCInfoToMouse
Macro FCSpreadSheet Extract
Macro FCSpring Helix Variable
Macro FCSpring On Surface
Macro FCTreeView
Macro FCWire To Volume
Macro FindAliasReferences
Macro findConfigFiles
Macro FlattenWire
Macro FlattenWire3Points
Macro Fonts Win10 PYMP
Macro ForceRecompute
Macro FreeCAD to Kerkythea
Macro GenerateDrawing
Macro GenerateViews
Macro Geneva Wheel
Macro Geneva Wheel GUI
Macro Geodesic Dome
Macro Global Variable Watcher
Macro GMSH
Macro GuiResetToolbars
Macro Guitar fretboard
Macro Guitar Nut
Macro Half turn stairs
Macro Half-Hull Model
Macro HealArcs
Macro HiddenAlls
Macro HighlightCommon
Macro HighlightDifference
Macro HilbertCurve
Macro hinge
Macro Honeycomb
Macro If Selected Stay If Not Then Delete
Macro Iges PyImporter
Macro Image Scaling
Macro ImperialScales
Macro ImportAirfoil
Macro Intersection
Macro Joint
Macro JointWire
Macro Kerkythea
Macro Line Length
Macro Loft
Macro MacroMenu
Macro MacroToolbarManager
Macro Make Arc 3 Points
Macro Make Circle 3 Points
Macro Make Cube
Macro MatrixTransform
Macro MeasureCircle
Macro Megaminx
Macro merge duplicate materials
Macro MeshToPart
Macro MessageBox
Macro Mouse Cross
Macro Mouse over cb
Macro MoveToOrigin
Macro MultiCopy
Macro MultiCuts
Macro Normal Vector
Macro ObjectInfo
Macro Overlap
Macro Parametric Curve FP
Macro Parametric Defeaturing
Macro PartsLibrary
Macro PartToVRML
Macro PCBWay
Macro PDWrapper
Macro Perpendicular To Wire
Macro Pinger
Macro Place Image
Macro PlacementAbsolufy
Macro Polyhedrons
Macro Print SceneGraph
Macro PropertyMemo
Macro Pyramid
Macro Python Assistant Window
Macro Recompute Profiler
Macro Rectellipse
Macro Remove parametric history
Macro Replace Part in Assembly
Macro Repro Wire
Macro Rotate To Point
Macro Rotate View
Macro Rotate View Free
Macro Rotate ViewAxonometric
Macro Rubik Cube
Macro Screen Wiki
Macro screw maker1 2
Macro Section
Macro Select Hovering
Macro SelectVisible
Macro Shake Sketch
Macro Sheet Metal Unfolder
Macro SimpleProperties
Macro Site From Contours
Macro Sketch Constraint From Spreadsheet
Macro SketchUnmap
Macro Snip
Macro Solid Sweep
Macro SplitPropEditor
Macro Spreadsheet2html
Macro SpreadsheetTools
Macro Spring
Macro Stairs
Macro StraightenObject
Macro SuperWire
Macro TemplateHelper
Macro Texture
Macro Texture Objects
Macro TimingGear
Macro TNP Solution
Macro Toggle Drawstyle
Macro Toggle Drawstyle Optimized
Macro Toggle Panels Visibility
Macro Toggle Visibility
Macro Toggle Visibility2 1-2
Macro Toggle Visibility2 2-2
Macro TreeToAscii
Macro Triangle AH
Macro Unbind Numpad Shortcuts
Macro Unfold Box
Macro Unroll Ruled Surface
Macro View Rotation
Macro Visibility Manager
Macro VisibleAlls
Macro Wiki Object Properties List Generator
Macro Wiki Object Properties List Generator Basic Version
Macro WireFilter
Macro WireXYZ
Macro Wiring And Hoses
Macro WorkFeatures
Macro Z Height Map
Macro Zoom1 1
Macros
Macros recipes
Main Page
Main view area
Manipulator Workbench
Manual:A gentle introduction
Manual:All workbenches at a glance
Manual:BIM modeling
Manual:Creating and manipulating geometry
Manual:Creating FEM analyses
Manual:Creating interface tools
Manual:Creating parametric objects
Manual:Creating renderings
Manual:Generating 2D drawings
Manual:Import and export to other filetypes
Manual:Installing
Manual:Introduction
Manual:Modeling for product design
Manual:Navigating in the 3D view
Manual:Parametric objects
Manual:Preparing models for 3D printing
Manual:Summary
Manual:The Community
Manual:The FreeCAD document
Manual:The FreeCAD Interface
Manual:Traditional 2D drafting
Manual:Traditional modeling, the CSG way
Manual:Using spreadsheets
Manual:What is FreeCAD
Material Workbench
Matrix API
Measurement Of Angles On Holes
Mesh
Mesh AddFacet
Mesh API
Mesh BoundingBox
Mesh BuildRegularSolid
Mesh CrossSections
Mesh CurvatureInfo
Mesh Decimating
Mesh Difference
Mesh EvaluateFacet
Mesh EvaluateSolid
Mesh Evaluation
Mesh Export
Mesh Feature
Mesh FillInteractiveHole
Mesh FillupHoles
Mesh FlipNormals
Mesh FromPartShape
Mesh HarmonizeNormals
Mesh Import
Mesh Intersection
Mesh Merge
Mesh MeshObject
Mesh PolyCut
Mesh PolyTrim
Mesh RemeshGmsh
Mesh RemoveCompByHand
Mesh RemoveComponents
Mesh Scale
Mesh Scripting
Mesh SectionByPlane
Mesh Segmentation
Mesh SegmentationBestFit
Mesh Smoothing
Mesh SplitComponents
Mesh to Part
Mesh TrimByPlane
Mesh Union
Mesh VertexCurvature
Mesh Workbench
MeshPart CreateFlatFace
MeshPart CreateFlatMesh
MeshRemodel Workbench
MIBA
Migrating to FreeCAD from Fusion360
Migrating to FreeCAD from OnShape
Migrating to FreeCAD from Revit
Migrating to FreeCAD from SolidWorks
Misc templates
Misc templates Full
Model
ModernUI Workbench
MOOC Workbench
Mouse navigation
Multithreading
Navigation Cube
NumPy
O-X-Y Type Attachment Modes
Object API
Object name
Onboarding FEM Devs
Online Help Startpage
Online Help Toc
OpenCamLib
OpenCASCADE
OpenSCAD AddOpenSCADElement
OpenSCAD ColorCodeShape
OpenSCAD CSG
OpenSCAD Edgestofaces
OpenSCAD ExpandPlacements
OpenSCAD ExplodeGroup
OpenSCAD Hull
OpenSCAD IncreaseToleranceFeature
OpenSCAD MeshBoolean
OpenSCAD Minkowski
OpenSCAD MirrorMeshFeature
OpenSCAD Preferences
OpenSCAD RefineShapeFeature
OpenSCAD RemoveSubtree
OpenSCAD ReplaceObject
OpenSCAD ResizeMeshFeature
OpenSCAD ScaleMeshFeature
OpenSCAD Workbench
Organization chart
OSE 3D Printer Workbench
OSE Piping Workbench
Package Metadata
Packaging
Part
Part and PartDesign
Part API
Part Boolean
Part BooleanFragments
Part Box
Part BoxSelection
Part Builder
Part Chamfer
Part CheckGeometry
Part Circle
Part ColorPerFace
Part Common
Part CompCompoundTools
Part CompJoinFeatures
Part CompOffsetTools
Part Compound
Part CompoundFilter
Part CompSplittingTools
Part Cone
Part CrossSections
Part Cut
Part Cylinder
Part Defeaturing
Part EditAttachment
Part ElementCopy
Part Ellipse
Part Ellipsoid
Part ExplodeCompound
Part Export
Part Extrude
Part Feature
Part Fillet
Part Fuse
Part Helix
Part Import
Part JoinConnect
Part JoinCutout
Part JoinEmbed
Part Line
Part Loft
Part Loft Technical Details
Part MakeFace
Part MakeSolid
Part Measure Angular
Part Measure Clear All
Part Measure Linear
Part Measure Refresh
Part Measure Toggle 3D
Part Measure Toggle All
Part Measure Toggle Delta
Part Mirror
Part Offset
Part Offset2D
Part Part2DObject
Part Plane
Part Point
Part PointsFromMesh
Part Primitives
Part Prism
Part ProjectionOnSurface
Part RefineShape
Part RegularPolygon
Part ReverseShape
Part Revolve
Part RuledSurface
Part Scale
Part scripting
Part Section
Part SectionCut
Part ShapeFromMesh
Part SimpleCopy
Part Slice
Part SliceApart
Part Sphere
Part Spiral
Part Sweep
Part Thickness
Part TopoShape
Part Torus
Part TransformedCopy
Part Tube
Part Wedge
Part Workbench
Part XOR
PartDesign AdditiveBox
PartDesign AdditiveCone
PartDesign AdditiveCylinder
PartDesign AdditiveEllipsoid
PartDesign AdditiveHelix
PartDesign AdditiveLoft
PartDesign AdditivePipe
PartDesign AdditivePrism
PartDesign AdditiveSphere
PartDesign AdditiveTorus
PartDesign AdditiveWedge
PartDesign Bearingholder Tutorial I
PartDesign Bearingholder Tutorial II
PartDesign Body
PartDesign Boolean
PartDesign Chamfer
PartDesign Clone
PartDesign CoordinateSystem
PartDesign Draft
PartDesign Examples
PartDesign Feature
PartDesign Fillet
PartDesign Groove
PartDesign Hole
PartDesign InvoluteGear
PartDesign Line
PartDesign LinearPattern
PartDesign Migrate
PartDesign Mirrored
PartDesign MoveFeature
PartDesign MoveFeatureInTree
PartDesign MoveTip
PartDesign MultiTransform
PartDesign NewSketch
PartDesign Pad
PartDesign Plane
PartDesign Pocket
PartDesign Point
PartDesign PolarPattern
PartDesign Preferences
PartDesign Revolution
PartDesign Scaled
PartDesign ShapeBinder
PartDesign Sprocket
PartDesign SubShapeBinder
PartDesign SubtractiveBox
PartDesign SubtractiveCone
PartDesign SubtractiveCylinder
PartDesign SubtractiveEllipsoid
PartDesign SubtractiveHelix
PartDesign SubtractiveLoft
PartDesign SubtractivePipe
PartDesign SubtractivePrism
PartDesign SubtractiveSphere
PartDesign SubtractiveTorus
PartDesign SubtractiveWedge
PartDesign Thickness
PartDesign tutorial
PartDesign WizardShaft
PartDesign Workbench
Parts Library Workbench
PCB Workbench
PDF
Pivy
Placement
Placement API
Plot Axes
Plot Basic tutorial
Plot Grid
Plot Labels
Plot Legend
Plot MultiAxes tutorial
Plot Positions
Plot Save
Plot Series
Plot Workbench
Points Convert
Points Export
Points Import
Points Merge
Points PolyCut
Points Structure
Points Workbench
Post-Processing of FEM Results with Paraview
POV-Ray
POV-Ray-Rendering Workbench
Power users hub
Preference Packs
Preferences Editor
Private Preference Packs
Profiling
Property
Property editor
PropertyLink: InList and OutList
Pyramids and polyhedrons Workbench
Pyrate Workbench
PySide
PySide Advanced Examples
PySide Beginner Examples
PySide Intermediate Examples
PySide usage snippets
Python
Python console
Python Development Environment
Python scripting tutorial
PythonOCC
Qt Example
Quantity
Raytracing API example
Raytracing ExportProject
Raytracing InsertPart
Raytracing Lux
Raytracing New
Raytracing Preferences
Raytracing Render
Raytracing ResetCamera
Raytracing templates
Raytracing tutorial
Raytracing Workbench
Raytracing WriteCamera
Raytracing WritePart
Raytracing WriteView
Reinforcement API
Reinforcement BarBendingSchedule
Reinforcement BarShapeCutList
Reinforcement BeamRebars
Reinforcement BentShapeRebar
Reinforcement BillOfMaterial
Reinforcement ColumnRebars
Reinforcement ColumnRebars Circular
Reinforcement ColumnRebars TwoTiesSixRebars
Reinforcement Custom Spacing
Reinforcement DrawingDimensioning
Reinforcement FootingRebars
Reinforcement HelicalRebar
Reinforcement LShapeRebar
Reinforcement SlabRebars
Reinforcement StirrupRebar
Reinforcement StraightRebar
Reinforcement UShapeRebar
Reinforcement Workbench
Release notes 0.13
Release notes 0.14
Release notes 0.15
Release notes 0.16
Release notes 0.17
Release notes 0.18
Release notes 0.19
Release notes 0.20
Release notes 0.21
Release notes 1.0
Render Workbench
Report view
Reverse Engineering Workbench
Robot 6-Axis
Robot API example
Robot CreateRobot
Robot CreateTrajectory
Robot Edge2Trac
Robot Export
Robot InsertWaypoint
Robot InsertWaypointPre
Robot RestoreHomePos
Robot SetDefaultOrientation
Robot SetDefaultValues
Robot SetHomePos
Robot Simulate
Robot TrajectoryCompound
Robot TrajectoryDressUp
Robot tutorial
Robot Workbench
Rocket BodyTube
Rocket Bulkhead
Rocket CenteringRing
Rocket CompLaunchGuide
Rocket Ejection Charge Calculator
Rocket Fin
Rocket FinCan
Rocket LaunchLug
Rocket NoseCone
Rocket Parachute Size Calculator
Rocket RailButton
Rocket RailGuide
Rocket Thrust To Weight Calculator
Rocket Transition
Rocket Vent Hole Size Calculator
Rocket Workbench
Scenegraph
Scientific literature
Screenshots
Scripted objects
Scripted objects migration
Scripted objects saving attributes
Scripted objects with attachment
Scripted Parts: Ball Bearing - Part 1
Scripted Parts: Ball Bearing - Part 2
Scripting and macros
Scripts
SearchBar Mod
Selection API
Selection methods
Selection view
Shape
SheetMetal AddBase
SheetMetal AddBend
SheetMetal AddCornerRelief
SheetMetal AddFoldWall
SheetMetal AddJunction
SheetMetal AddRelief
SheetMetal AddWall
SheetMetal BaseShape
SheetMetal Examples
SheetMetal Extrude
SheetMetal Forming
SheetMetal SketchOnSheet
SheetMetal UnattendedUnfold
SheetMetal Unfold
SheetMetal Workbench
Ship AreasCurve
Ship Capacity
Ship CreateShip
Ship GZ
Ship Hydrostatics
Ship LoadCondition
Ship LoadExample
Ship Tank
Ship Weight
Ship Workbench
Silk Workbench
Sketch
Sketcher ArcOverlay
Sketcher BSplineComb
Sketcher BSplineConvertToNURBS
Sketcher BSplineDecreaseDegree
Sketcher BSplineDecreaseKnotMultiplicity
Sketcher BSplineDegree
Sketcher BSplineIncreaseDegree
Sketcher BSplineIncreaseKnotMultiplicity
Sketcher BSplineInsertKnot
Sketcher BSplineKnotMultiplicity
Sketcher BSplinePoleWeight
Sketcher BSplinePolygon
Sketcher CarbonCopy
Sketcher Clone
Sketcher CloseShape
Sketcher ConnectLines
Sketcher ConstrainAngle
Sketcher ConstrainBlock
Sketcher ConstrainCoincident
Sketcher ConstrainCoincidentUnified
Sketcher ConstrainDiameter
Sketcher ConstrainDistance
Sketcher ConstrainDistanceX
Sketcher ConstrainDistanceY
Sketcher ConstrainEqual
Sketcher ConstrainHorizontal
Sketcher ConstrainHorVer
Sketcher ConstrainLock
Sketcher ConstrainParallel
Sketcher ConstrainPerpendicular
Sketcher ConstrainPointOnObject
Sketcher ConstrainRadiam
Sketcher ConstrainRadius
Sketcher ConstrainSnellsLaw
Sketcher ConstrainSymmetric
Sketcher ConstrainTangent
Sketcher ConstrainVertical
Sketcher Copy
Sketcher Create3PointArc
Sketcher Create3PointCircle
Sketcher CreateArc
Sketcher CreateArcOfEllipse
Sketcher CreateArcOfHyperbola
Sketcher CreateArcOfParabola
Sketcher CreateArcSlot
Sketcher CreateBSpline
Sketcher CreateBSplineByInterpolation
Sketcher CreateChamfer
Sketcher CreateCircle
Sketcher CreateEllipseBy3Points
Sketcher CreateEllipseByCenter
Sketcher CreateFillet
Sketcher CreateHeptagon
Sketcher CreateHexagon
Sketcher CreateLine
Sketcher CreateOblong
Sketcher CreateOctagon
Sketcher CreatePentagon
Sketcher CreatePeriodicBSpline
Sketcher CreatePeriodicBSplineByInterpolation
Sketcher CreatePoint
Sketcher CreatePointFillet
Sketcher CreatePolyline
Sketcher CreateRectangle
Sketcher CreateRectangle Center
Sketcher CreateRegularPolygon
Sketcher CreateSlot
Sketcher CreateSquare
Sketcher CreateTriangle
Sketcher DeleteAllConstraints
Sketcher DeleteAllGeometry
Sketcher Dialog
Sketcher Dimension
Sketcher EditSketch
Sketcher Examples
Sketcher Extend
Sketcher External
Sketcher Grid
Sketcher helper constraint
Sketcher JoinCurves
Sketcher LeaveSketch
Sketcher MapSketch
Sketcher MergeSketches
Sketcher Micro Tutorial - Constraint Practices
Sketcher MirrorSketch
Sketcher Move
Sketcher NewSketch
Sketcher Offset
Sketcher Preferences
Sketcher RectangularArray
Sketcher reference
Sketcher RemoveAxesAlignment
Sketcher RenderingOrder
Sketcher ReorientSketch
Sketcher requirement for a sketch
Sketcher RestoreInternalAlignmentGeometry
Sketcher Rotate
Sketcher Scale
Sketcher scripting
Sketcher SelectConflictingConstraints
Sketcher SelectConstraints
Sketcher SelectElementsAssociatedWithConstraints
Sketcher SelectElementsWithDoFs
Sketcher SelectHorizontalAxis
Sketcher SelectOrigin
Sketcher SelectRedundantConstraints
Sketcher SelectVerticalAxis
Sketcher SketchObject
Sketcher Snap
Sketcher Split
Sketcher StopOperation
Sketcher SwitchVirtualSpace
Sketcher Symmetry
Sketcher ToggleActiveConstraint
Sketcher ToggleConstruction
Sketcher ToggleDrivingConstraint
Sketcher Translate
Sketcher Trimming
Sketcher Tutorial
Sketcher ValidateSketch
Sketcher ViewSection
Sketcher ViewSketch
Sketcher Workbench
Source code management
Source documentation
Sphinx
Splash screen
Spreadsheet
Spreadsheet AlignBottom
Spreadsheet AlignCenter
Spreadsheet AlignLeft
Spreadsheet AlignRight
Spreadsheet AlignTop
Spreadsheet AlignVCenter
Spreadsheet CreateSheet
Spreadsheet CSV
Spreadsheet Export
Spreadsheet Import
Spreadsheet MergeCells
Spreadsheet Preferences
Spreadsheet SetAlias
Spreadsheet SplitCell
Spreadsheet StyleBold
Spreadsheet StyleItalic
Spreadsheet StyleUnderline
Spreadsheet Workbench
Standard Menu
Start Preferences
Start up and Configuration
Start Workbench
Status bar
Std About
Std ActivateNextWindow
Std ActivatePrevWindow
Std AddonMgr
Std Alignment
Std AxisCross
Std Base
Std BoxElementSelection
Std BoxSelection
Std CascadeWindows
Std CloseActiveWindow
Std CloseAllWindows
Std Copy
Std Cut
Std Delete
Std DemoMode
Std DependencyGraph
Std DlgCustomize
Std DlgMacroExecute
Std DlgMacroExecuteDirect
Std DlgMacroRecord
Std DlgParameter
Std DlgPreferences
Std DrawStyle
Std DuplicateSelection
Std Edit
Std Edit Menu
Std Export
Std File Menu
Std FreeCADDonation
Std FreeCADFAQ
Std FreeCADForum
Std FreeCADPowerUserHub
Std FreeCADUserHub
Std FreeCADWebsite
Std FreezeViews
Std Group
Std Help Menu
Std HideObjects
Std HideSelection
Std Import
Std LinkImport
Std LinkImportAll
Std LinkMake
Std LinkMakeRelative
Std LinkReplace
Std LinkSelectAllLinks
Std LinkSelectLinked
Std LinkSelectLinkedFinal
Std LinkUnlink
Std Macro Menu
Std MacroAttachDebugger
Std MacroStartDebug
Std MacroStepInto
Std MacroStepOver
Std MacroStopDebug
Std MacroStopRecord
Std MainFullscreen
Std Measure
Std MeasureDistance
Std MergeProjects
Std New
Std OnlineHelp
Std Open
Std OrthographicCamera
Std Part
Std Paste
Std PerspectiveCamera
Std Placement
Std Print
Std PrintPdf
Std PrintPreview
Std ProjectInfo
Std ProjectUtil
Std PythonHelp
Std Quit
Std RandomColor
Std RecallWorkingView
Std RecentFiles
Std Redo
Std Refresh
Std ReportBug
Std Revert
Std Save
Std SaveAll
Std SaveAs
Std SaveCopy
Std SceneInspector
Std SelBack
Std SelBoundingBox
Std SelectAll
Std SelectVisibleObjects
Std SelForward
Std SendToPythonConsole
Std SetAppearance
Std ShowObjects
Std ShowSelection
Std StoreWorkingView
Std TextDocument
Std TextureMapping
Std TileWindows
Std ToggleBreakpoint
Std ToggleClipPlane
Std ToggleNavigation
Std ToggleObjects
Std ToggleSelectability
Std ToggleVisibility
Std Tools Menu
Std TransformManip
Std TreeCollapseDocument
Std TreeDrag
Std TreeMultiDocument
Std TreePreSelection
Std TreeRecordSelection
Std TreeSelection
Std TreeSingleDocument
Std TreeSyncPlacement
Std TreeSyncSelection
Std TreeSyncView
Std Undo
Std UnitsCalculator
Std UserEditMode
Std View Menu
Std ViewBottom
Std ViewBoxZoom
Std ViewCreate
Std ViewDimetric
Std ViewDockUndockFullscreen
Std ViewFitAll
Std ViewFitSelection
Std ViewFront
Std ViewFullscreen
Std ViewHome
Std ViewIsometric
Std ViewIvIssueCamPos
Std ViewIvStereoInterleavedColumns
Std ViewIvStereoInterleavedRows
Std ViewIvStereoOff
Std ViewIvStereoQuadBuff
Std ViewIvStereoRedGreen
Std ViewLeft
Std ViewLoadImage
Std ViewRear
Std ViewRight
Std ViewRotateLeft
Std ViewRotateRight
Std ViewScreenShot
Std ViewStatusBar
Std ViewTop
Std ViewTrimetric
Std ViewZoomIn
Std ViewZoomOut
Std WhatsThis
Std Windows
Std Windows Menu
Std Workbench
Stemfie Workbench
Surface BlendCurve
Surface CurveOnMesh
Surface ExtendFace
Surface Filling
Surface GeomFillSurface
Surface Sections
Surface Workbench
SVG
Svg Namespace
Swag
Symbols Library Workbench
Task panel
Tasks Placement
TechDraw 2LineCenterLine
TechDraw 2PointCenterLine
TechDraw 2PointCosmeticLine
TechDraw 3PtAngleDimension
TechDraw ActiveView
TechDraw AngleDimension
TechDraw Annotation
TechDraw API
TechDraw ArchView
TechDraw AxoLengthDimension
TechDraw Balloon
TechDraw BrokenView
TechDraw ClipGroup
TechDraw ClipGroupAdd
TechDraw ClipGroupRemove
TechDraw CommandAddOffsetVertex
TechDraw ComplexSection
TechDraw CosmeticCircle
TechDraw CosmeticEraser
TechDraw CosmeticVertex
TechDraw DecorateLine
TechDraw DetailView
TechDraw DiameterDimension
TechDraw DimensionRepair
TechDraw DraftView
TechDraw ExportPageDXF
TechDraw ExportPageSVG
TechDraw ExtensionArcLengthAnnotation
TechDraw ExtensionAreaAnnotation
TechDraw ExtensionCascadeHorizDimension
TechDraw ExtensionCascadeObliqueDimension
TechDraw ExtensionCascadeVertDimension
TechDraw ExtensionChangeLineAttributes
TechDraw ExtensionCircleCenterLines
TechDraw ExtensionCreateHorizChainDimension
TechDraw ExtensionCreateHorizChamferDimension
TechDraw ExtensionCreateHorizCoordDimension
TechDraw ExtensionCreateLengthArc
TechDraw ExtensionCreateObliqueChainDimension
TechDraw ExtensionCreateObliqueCoordDimension
TechDraw ExtensionCreateVertChainDimension
TechDraw ExtensionCreateVertChamferDimension
TechDraw ExtensionCreateVertCoordDimension
TechDraw ExtensionCustomizeFormat
TechDraw ExtensionDecreaseDecimal
TechDraw ExtensionDrawCosmArc
TechDraw ExtensionDrawCosmCircle
TechDraw ExtensionDrawCosmCircle3Points
TechDraw ExtensionExtendLine
TechDraw ExtensionHoleCircle
TechDraw ExtensionIncreaseDecimal
TechDraw ExtensionInsertDiameter
TechDraw ExtensionInsertSquare
TechDraw ExtensionLineParallel
TechDraw ExtensionLinePerpendicular
TechDraw ExtensionLockUnlockView
TechDraw ExtensionPosHorizChainDimension
TechDraw ExtensionPositionSectionView
TechDraw ExtensionPosObliqueChainDimension
TechDraw ExtensionPosVertChainDimension
TechDraw ExtensionRemovePrefixChar
TechDraw ExtensionSelectLineAttributes
TechDraw ExtensionShortenLine
TechDraw ExtensionThreadBoltBottom
TechDraw ExtensionThreadBoltSide
TechDraw ExtensionThreadHoleBottom
TechDraw ExtensionThreadHoleSide
TechDraw ExtensionVertexAtIntersection
TechDraw FaceCenterLine
TechDraw FillTemplateFields
TechDraw General Examples
TechDraw Geometric dimensioning and tolerancing
TechDraw GeometricHatch
TechDraw Hatch
TechDraw Hatching
TechDraw HoleShaftFit
TechDraw HorizontalDimension
TechDraw HorizontalExtentDimension
TechDraw HowTo Page
TechDraw Image
TechDraw LandmarkDimension
TechDraw LeaderLine
TechDraw LengthDimension
TechDraw LineGroup
TechDraw LinkDimension
TechDraw Midpoints
TechDraw MoveView
TechDraw PageDefault
TechDraw PageTemplate
TechDraw Pitch Circle Tutorial
TechDraw Preferences
TechDraw PrintAll
TechDraw ProjectionGroup
TechDraw ProjectShape
TechDraw Quadrants
TechDraw RadiusDimension
TechDraw RedrawPage
TechDraw RichTextAnnotation
TechDraw Section Examples
TechDraw SectionView
TechDraw ShareView
TechDraw ShowAll
TechDraw SpreadsheetView
TechDraw StackBottom
TechDraw StackDown
TechDraw StackTop
TechDraw StackUp
TechDraw SurfaceFinishSymbol
TechDraw Symbol
TechDraw TemplateGenerator
TechDraw TemplateHowTo
TechDraw Templates
TechDraw ToggleFrame
TechDraw VerticalDimension
TechDraw VerticalExtentDimension
TechDraw View
TechDraw WeldSymbol
TechDraw Workbench
TechDrawGui API
Testing
The FreeCAD source code
Third Party Libraries
Third Party Tools
Thread for Screw Tutorial
ThreadProfile Workbench
Timber Workbench
Toothbrush Head Stand
Topological data scripting
Topological naming problem
TopoShape API
Tracker
Transient FEM analysis
Translating an external workbench
Transportation Workbench
Tree view
Tutorial custom placing of windows and doors
Tutorial for open windows
Tutorial FreeCAD POV ray
Tutorial KinematicAssembly
Tutorial KinematicController
Tutorial KinematicSkeleton
Tutorial Render with Blender
Tutorials
Ubuntu Snap
Units
User hub
Vector API
Video tutorials
Video tutorials for architectural design
Video tutorials for product design
View Measure Clear All
View Measure Toggle All
ViewObject API
Viewprovider
VRML Preparation for Robot Simulation
Web BrowserBack
Web BrowserNext
Web BrowserRefresh
Web BrowserSetURL
Web BrowserStop
Web BrowserZoomIn
Web BrowserZoomOut
Web OpenWebsite
Web Workbench
WebTools BimServer
WebTools Git
WebTools Sketchfab
WebTools Workbench
Which workbench should I choose
Whiffle Ball tutorial
Wikihouse porting tutorial
WikiPages
WikiRobots
Windows packaging
Wood Frame Workbench
Workarounds
Workbench creation
Workbenches
Workfeature Workbench
Wrapping a Cplusplus class in Python
Language
aa - Qafár af
ab - аԥсшәа
abs - bahasa ambon
ace - Acèh
ady - адыгабзэ
ady-cyrl - адыгабзэ
aeb - تونسي / Tûnsî
aeb-arab - تونسي
aeb-latn - Tûnsî
af - Afrikaans
ak - Akan
aln - Gegë
alt - алтай тил
am - አማርኛ
ami - Pangcah
an - aragonés
ang - Ænglisc
ann - Obolo
anp - अंगिका
ar - العربية
arc - ܐܪܡܝܐ
arn - mapudungun
arq - جازايرية
ary - الدارجة
arz - مصرى
as - অসমীয়া
ase - American sign language
ast - asturianu
atj - Atikamekw
av - авар
avk - Kotava
awa - अवधी
ay - Aymar aru
az - azərbaycanca
azb - تۆرکجه
ba - башҡортса
ban - Basa Bali
ban-bali - ᬩᬲᬩᬮᬶ
bar - Boarisch
bbc - Batak Toba
bbc-latn - Batak Toba
bcc - جهلسری بلوچی
bci - wawle
bcl - Bikol Central
be - беларуская
be-tarask - беларуская (тарашкевіца)
bg - български
bgn - روچ کپتین بلوچی
bh - भोजपुरी
bho - भोजपुरी
bi - Bislama
bjn - Banjar
blk - ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ
bm - bamanankan
bn - বাংলা
bo - བོད་ཡིག
bpy - বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী
bqi - بختیاری
br - brezhoneg
brh - Bráhuí
bs - bosanski
btm - Batak Mandailing
bto - Iriga Bicolano
bug - ᨅᨔ ᨕᨘᨁᨗ
bxr - буряад
ca - català
cbk-zam - Chavacano de Zamboanga
cdo - 閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄
ce - нохчийн
ceb - Cebuano
ch - Chamoru
cho - Chahta Anumpa
chr - ᏣᎳᎩ
chy - Tsetsêhestâhese
ckb - کوردی
co - corsu
cps - Capiceño
cr - Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ
crh - qırımtatarca
crh-cyrl - къырымтатарджа (Кирилл)
crh-latn - qırımtatarca (Latin)
cs - čeština
csb - kaszëbsczi
cu - словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ
cv - чӑвашла
cy - Cymraeg
da - dansk
dag - dagbanli
de - Deutsch
de-at - Österreichisches Deutsch
de-ch - Schweizer Hochdeutsch
de-formal - Deutsch (Sie-Form)
dga - Dagaare
din - Thuɔŋjäŋ
diq - Zazaki
dsb - dolnoserbski
dtp - Dusun Bundu-liwan
dty - डोटेली
dv - ދިވެހިބަސް
dz - ཇོང་ཁ
ee - eʋegbe
egl - Emiliàn
el - Ελληνικά
eml - emiliàn e rumagnòl
en - English
en-ca - Canadian English
en-gb - British English
eo - Esperanto
es - español
es-419 - español de América Latina
es-formal - español (formal)
et - eesti
eu - euskara
ext - estremeñu
fa - فارسی
fat - mfantse
ff - Fulfulde
fi - suomi
fit - meänkieli
fj - Na Vosa Vakaviti
fo - føroyskt
fon - fɔ̀ngbè
fr - français
frc - français cadien
frp - arpetan
frr - Nordfriisk
fur - furlan
fy - Frysk
ga - Gaeilge
gaa - Ga
gag - Gagauz
gan - 贛語
gan-hans - 赣语(简体)
gan-hant - 贛語(繁體)
gcr - kriyòl gwiyannen
gd - Gàidhlig
gl - galego
gld - на̄ни
glk - گیلکی
gn - Avañe'ẽ
gom - गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni
gom-deva - गोंयची कोंकणी
gom-latn - Gõychi Konknni
gor - Bahasa Hulontalo
got - 𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺
gpe - Ghanaian Pidgin
grc - Ἀρχαία ἑλληνικὴ
gsw - Alemannisch
gu - ગુજરાતી
guc - wayuunaiki
gur - farefare
guw - gungbe
gv - Gaelg
ha - Hausa
hak - 客家語/Hak-kâ-ngî
haw - Hawaiʻi
he - עברית
hi - हिन्दी
hif - Fiji Hindi
hif-latn - Fiji Hindi
hil - Ilonggo
ho - Hiri Motu
hr - hrvatski
hrx - Hunsrik
hsb - hornjoserbsce
hsn - 湘语
ht - Kreyòl ayisyen
hu - magyar
hu-formal - magyar (formal)
hy - հայերեն
hyw - Արեւմտահայերէն
hz - Otsiherero
ia - interlingua
id - Bahasa Indonesia
ie - Interlingue
ig - Igbo
igl - Igala
ii - ꆇꉙ
ik - Iñupiatun
ike-cans - ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ
ike-latn - inuktitut
ilo - Ilokano
inh - гӀалгӀай
io - Ido
is - íslenska
it - italiano
iu - ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut
ja - 日本語
jam - Patois
jbo - la .lojban.
jut - jysk
jv - Jawa
ka - ქართული
kaa - Qaraqalpaqsha
kab - Taqbaylit
kbd - адыгэбзэ
kbd-cyrl - адыгэбзэ
kbp - Kabɩyɛ
kcg - Tyap
kea - kabuverdianu
kg - Kongo
khw - کھوار
ki - Gĩkũyũ
kiu - Kırmancki
kj - Kwanyama
kjh - хакас
kjp - ဖၠုံလိက်
kk - қазақша
kk-arab - قازاقشا (تٴوتە)
kk-cn - قازاقشا (جۇنگو)
kk-cyrl - қазақша (кирил)
kk-kz - қазақша (Қазақстан)
kk-latn - qazaqşa (latın)
kk-tr - qazaqşa (Türkïya)
kl - kalaallisut
km - ភាសាខ្មែរ
kn - ಕನ್ನಡ
ko - 한국어
ko-kp - 조선말
koi - перем коми
kr - kanuri
krc - къарачай-малкъар
kri - Krio
krj - Kinaray-a
krl - karjal
ks - कॉशुर / کٲشُر
ks-arab - کٲشُر
ks-deva - कॉशुर
ksh - Ripoarisch
ksw - စှီၤ
ku - kurdî
ku-arab - كوردي (عەرەبی)
ku-latn - kurdî (latînî)
kum - къумукъ
kus - Kʋsaal
kv - коми
kw - kernowek
ky - кыргызча
la - Latina
lad - Ladino
lb - Lëtzebuergesch
lbe - лакку
lez - лезги
lfn - Lingua Franca Nova
lg - Luganda
li - Limburgs
lij - Ligure
liv - Līvõ kēļ
lki - لەکی
lld - Ladin
lmo - lombard
ln - lingála
lo - ລາວ
loz - Silozi
lrc - لۊری شومالی
lt - lietuvių
ltg - latgaļu
lus - Mizo ţawng
luz - لئری دوٙمینی
lv - latviešu
lzh - 文言
lzz - Lazuri
mad - Madhurâ
mag - मगही
mai - मैथिली
map-bms - Basa Banyumasan
mdf - мокшень
mg - Malagasy
mh - Ebon
mhr - олык марий
mi - Māori
min - Minangkabau
mk - македонски
ml - മലയാളം
mn - монгол
mni - ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ
mnw - ဘာသာ မန်
mo - молдовеняскэ
mos - moore
mr - मराठी
mrh - Mara
mrj - кырык мары
ms - Bahasa Melayu
ms-arab - بهاس ملايو
mt - Malti
mus - Mvskoke
mwl - Mirandés
my - မြန်မာဘာသာ
myv - эрзянь
mzn - مازِرونی
na - Dorerin Naoero
nah - Nāhuatl
nan - Bân-lâm-gú
nap - Napulitano
nb - norsk bokmål
nds - Plattdüütsch
nds-nl - Nedersaksies
ne - नेपाली
new - नेपाल भाषा
ng - Oshiwambo
nia - Li Niha
niu - Niuē
nl - Nederlands
nl-informal - Nederlands (informeel)
nmz - nawdm
nn - norsk nynorsk
no - norsk
nod - ᨣᩤᩴᨾᩮᩬᩥᨦ
nog - ногайша
nov - Novial
nqo - ߒߞߏ
nrm - Nouormand
nso - Sesotho sa Leboa
nv - Diné bizaad
ny - Chi-Chewa
nyn - runyankore
nys - Nyunga
oc - occitan
ojb - Ojibwemowin
olo - livvinkarjala
om - Oromoo
or - ଓଡ଼ିଆ
os - ирон
pa - ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
pag - Pangasinan
pam - Kapampangan
pap - Papiamentu
pcd - Picard
pcm - Naijá
pdc - Deitsch
pdt - Plautdietsch
pfl - Pälzisch
pi - पालि
pih - Norfuk / Pitkern
pl - polski
pms - Piemontèis
pnb - پنجابی
pnt - Ποντιακά
prg - prūsiskan
ps - پښتو
pt - português
pt-br - português do Brasil
pwn - pinayuanan
qqq - Message documentation
qu - Runa Simi
qug - Runa shimi
rgn - Rumagnôl
rif - Tarifit
rki - ရခိုင်
rm - rumantsch
rmc - romaňi čhib
rmy - romani čhib
rn - ikirundi
ro - română
roa-tara - tarandíne
rsk - руски
ru - русский
rue - русиньскый
rup - armãneashti
ruq - Vlăheşte
ruq-cyrl - Влахесте
ruq-latn - Vlăheşte
rw - Ikinyarwanda
ryu - うちなーぐち
sa - संस्कृतम्
sah - саха тыла
sat - ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ
sc - sardu
scn - sicilianu
sco - Scots
sd - سنڌي
sdc - Sassaresu
sdh - کوردی خوارگ
se - davvisámegiella
se-fi - davvisámegiella (Suoma bealde)
se-no - davvisámegiella (Norgga bealde)
se-se - davvisámegiella (Ruoŧa bealde)
sei - Cmique Itom
ses - Koyraboro Senni
sg - Sängö
sgs - žemaitėška
sh - srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
sh-cyrl - српскохрватски (ћирилица)
sh-latn - srpskohrvatski (latinica)
shi - Taclḥit
shi-latn - Taclḥit
shi-tfng - ⵜⴰⵛⵍⵃⵉⵜ
shn - ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး
shy - tacawit
shy-latn - tacawit
si - සිංහල
simple - Simple English
sjd - кӣллт са̄мь кӣлл
sje - bidumsámegiella
sk - slovenčina
skr - سرائیکی
skr-arab - سرائیکی
sl - slovenščina
sli - Schläsch
sm - Gagana Samoa
sma - åarjelsaemien
smn - anarâškielâ
sms - nuõrttsääʹmǩiõll
sn - chiShona
so - Soomaaliga
sq - shqip
sr - српски / srpski
sr-ec - српски (ћирилица)
sr-el - srpski (latinica)
srn - Sranantongo
sro - sardu campidanesu
ss - SiSwati
st - Sesotho
stq - Seeltersk
sty - себертатар
su - Sunda
sv - svenska
sw - Kiswahili
syl - ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ
szl - ślůnski
szy - Sakizaya
ta - தமிழ்
tay - Tayal
tcy - ತುಳು
tdd - ᥖᥭᥰᥖᥬᥳᥑᥨᥒᥰ
te - తెలుగు
tet - tetun
tg - тоҷикӣ
tg-cyrl - тоҷикӣ
tg-latn - tojikī
th - ไทย
ti - ትግርኛ
tk - Türkmençe
tl - Tagalog
tly - tolışi
tly-cyrl - толыши
tn - Setswana
to - lea faka-Tonga
tok - toki pona
tpi - Tok Pisin
tr - Türkçe
tru - Ṫuroyo
trv - Seediq
ts - Xitsonga
tt - татарча / tatarça
tt-cyrl - татарча
tt-latn - tatarça
tum - chiTumbuka
tw - Twi
ty - reo tahiti
tyv - тыва дыл
tzm - ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ
udm - удмурт
ug - ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche
ug-arab - ئۇيغۇرچە
ug-latn - Uyghurche
uk - українська
ur - اردو
uz - oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча
uz-cyrl - ўзбекча
uz-latn - oʻzbekcha
ve - Tshivenda
vec - vèneto
vep - vepsän kel’
vi - Tiếng Việt
vls - West-Vlams
vmf - Mainfränkisch
vmw - emakhuwa
vo - Volapük
vot - Vaďďa
vro - võro
wa - walon
wal - wolaytta
war - Winaray
wls - Fakaʻuvea
wo - Wolof
wuu - 吴语
xal - хальмг
xh - isiXhosa
xmf - მარგალური
xsy - saisiyat
yi - ייִדיש
yo - Yorùbá
yrl - Nhẽẽgatú
yue - 粵語
za - Vahcuengh
zea - Zeêuws
zgh - ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ
zh - 中文
zh-cn - 中文(中国大陆)
zh-hans - 中文(简体)
zh-hant - 中文(繁體)
zh-hk - 中文(香港)
zh-mo - 中文(澳門)
zh-my - 中文(马来西亚)
zh-sg - 中文(新加坡)
zh-tw - 中文(臺灣)
zu - isiZulu
Format
Export for off-line translation
Export in native format
Export in CSV format
Fetch
<languages/> {{TutorialInfo |Topic=Modeling |Level=Beginner |Author=heda |Time=1.5 hours |FCVersion=0.19 or above |Files= |SeeAlso=[[Creating_a_simple_part_with_Part_WB|Creating a simple part with Part WB]], [[Creating_a_simple_part_with_PartDesign|Creating a simple part with PartDesign]] }} ==Introduction== This tutorial aims to be used as a first introduction to the [[Draft_Workbench|Draft Workbench]] [[Image:Switch_DraftWorkbench.JPG]] in FreeCAD. The tutorial uses a ''2D shape'' to create a ''3D solid'', the latter is accomplished through the [[Part_Workbench|Part Workbench]]. The reader is recommended to first work through the sister tutorial ''[[Creating_a_simple_part_with_Part_WB|Creating a simple part with Part WB]]'', which is creating the same model with a different technique, while at the same time covering more of the basics of FreeCAD’s user interface. This tutorial expects the user to be briefly familiar with both the user interface and some workflows available in FreeCAD. The tutorial is composed such that the aim is not necessarily to show the most efficient way to use the program, but rather to make the reader aware of different functionalities available in FreeCAD, how to use them, and where to find them. ===The tutorial covers=== * The model to make * Creating the 2D profile * Why extruding can fail * Extruding the profile * Creating the through hole * Making a sketch out of the 2D profile * Quality of models * Wrapping up ==The model to make== [[Image:GGTuto1_Vue.PNG|center|372px]] [[Image:T101pwb01-02_dims.png|center]] ==Creating the 2D profile== Create a new document and save it directly under a new name. Change the view to [[Image:Std_ViewTop.svg|24px|link=Std_ViewTop]] [[Std_ViewTop|Top]] view and switch to the [[Image:Workbench_Draft.svg|24px|link=Draft_Workbench]] [[Draft_Workbench|Draft Workbench]], your screen should look like below. If the grid does not show, toggle it on/off with [[Image:Draft_ToggleGrid.svg|24px|link=Draft_ToggleGrid]] [[Draft_ToggleGrid|Toggle Grid]]. [[Image:T101dwb01-01draftgrid.png|center]] To start off the profile, draw a random [[Image:Draft_Rectangle.svg|24px|link=Draft_Rectangle]] [[Draft_Rectangle|Rectangle]] on the xy-plane by clicking 2 points in the [[3D_view|3D view]] forming any diagonal of a rectangle. A ''task panel'' will open once the command is invoked, this time we are not going to use it at all, but you could of course enter the coordinates for the rectangle directly. Your 3D view should now have a rectangle drawn, similar to the below picture. [[Image:T101dwb01-02rectangleraw.png|center]] When working in the '''Draft Workbench''' one almost always draws on a 2D plane. That 2D plane is called the ''[[Draft_SelectPlane|Working plane]]'', and, if default settings are used, it will always automatically align itself to the current 3D view. So, until the 2D profile is completed, it is best to simply keep the Top view (camera position) and not play around with rotating the view. If you happened to have changed it, just change back to the Top view before starting any new command in the '''Draft Workbench'''. The side view of our final model has the outer contour of 100 x 50 mm, and it would be nice if the lower left corner was placed in the global zero position. This can be accomplished through the ''Property editor''. Make sure the created '''Rectangle''' is selected, then change the ''Position'' of the rectangle to '''(0, 0, 0)''', modify the ''height'' to '''50''' mm and the ''length'' to '''100''' mm as per the images below. [[Image:T101dwb01-03rectangleprops.png|center]] The '''Rectangle''' is finished and it should look like this after applying [[Image:Std_ViewFitAll.svg|24px|link=Std_ViewFitAll]] [[Std_ViewFitAll|Fit all]] to the view. [[Image:T101dwb01-04rectangledone.png|center]] Next we will break up the rectangle into its four edges, this is done by first selecting the '''Rectangle''' and then invoking the command [[Image:Draft_Downgrade.svg|24px|link=Draft_Downgrade]] [[Draft_Downgrade|Draft Downgrade]], the filled face will disappear and the object in the ''Tree View'' is now a '''Wire''' instead of a '''Rectangle''', shown in the left picture below. Invoking '''Draft Downgrade''' once more will break up the ''wire'' into its ''edges'', shown in the middle picture below. [[Image:T101dwb01-05rectangledowngrade.png|center]] The observant will notice that the object icon in the Tree View already for the wire changed to a ''blue box''. This blue box is the icon used for generic geometric objects (Part Workbench geometric objects to be specific, but that is for advanced readers). Select the left vertical edge and invoke the command [[Image:Draft_Upgrade.svg|24px|link=Draft_Upgrade]] [[Draft_Upgrade|Draft Upgrade]], the former ''edge'' will now have a different icon and has changed ''label'' to '''Line'''. It is now a '''Draft Workbench''' object where one can edit for example the ''start point'' and the ''end point'' through the ''Property editor'', this is not possible with the ''edge'' objects. ===Creating the fillet=== Start by selecting the upper right corner edges, use menu {{MenuCommand|Edit → Box selection}} [[Image:Std_BoxSelection.svg|24px|link=Std_BoxSelection]] [[Std_BoxSelection|Box selection]], hold down the [[Image:Mouse_LMB.svg|24px]] '''Left Mouse Button''' and drag ''from right to left'' and release the '''LMB'''. When dragging ''from right to left'' the resulting selection includes everything fully or partially within the selection area. If one drags ''from left to right'', only objects fully enclosed by the selection area are included in the resulting selection. The actual selection happens when the left mouse button is released, and there is no preview of what will be selected. [[Image:T101dwb02-01filletboxselection.png|center]] With the top right corner edges selected, invoke the command [[Image:Draft_Fillet.svg|24px|link=Draft_Fillet]] [[Draft_Fillet|Fillet]] in the '''Draft Workbench'''. Check ''Delete original objects'' and change the ''radius'' to 20 mm and hit {{KEY|enter}}. [[Image:T101dwb02-02fillettaskpanel.png|center]] The '''Fillet''' is created and your model should now look like below. [[Image:T101dwb02-03filletdone.png|center]] ===Creating the chamfer=== To make the ''chamfer'' we need to have a line with the correct inclination and also be able to position it correctly. Let us begin with the position, which is on coordinate ''(50, 50, 0)''. In the current profile we do not have a point there, so let’s create one by making a ''temporary help line''. First select the left vertical '''Line''', then create the help line by [[Image:Std_DuplicateSelection.svg|24px|link=Std_DuplicateSelection]] [[Std_DuplicateSelection|Duplicate selection]] in {{MenuCommand|Edit → Duplicate selection}}, '''Line001''' is created. Use the ''Property editor'' and move '''Line001''' 50 mm in x-direction using the ''Placement'' property. Next duplicate the ''lower horizontal edge'', and change the ''angle'' of the edge to 30 degrees, once again using the ''Placement'' property. The model should now look like the image below. [[Image:T101dwb03-01chamferhelp.png|center]] Next, move the ''angled line'' into position. For this we make use of [[Image:Draft_Move.svg|24px|link=Draft_Move]] [[Draft_Move|Draft Move]] along with the ''snap'' functionality in the '''Draft Workbench''', more specifically ''end point'' snap. First make sure that your snap toolbar looks similar to below. [[Image:T101pwb03-02_snap.png|center]] Then select the ''angled line'', '''Edge001''', press '''Move''' and a ''task panel'' opens up. [[Image:T101dwb03-03_movetaskpanel.png|center]] Make sure that ''Copy'' is unchecked. Hover the mouse over the ''upper quarter'' of the ''angled line'', once the ''white dot'' is displayed at the right spot and the ''end point'' symbol shows, click the [[Image:Mouse_LMB.svg|24px]] '''LMB'''. Move the mouse to the upper quarter of the help line, once the white dot and end point symbol appear, click the '''LMB'''. The sequence is illustrated below. [[Image:T101dwb03-04_moveline.png|center]] The line is now in the correct position, but it is too long. To adjust the length [[Image:Draft_Trimex.svg|24px|link=Draft_Trimex]] [[Draft_Trimex|Draft Trimex]] will be used. Select the ''angled line'', '''Edge001''', press Trim and then click on the lower part of the ''left-most vertical line'', '''Line''', to use it as the cutting edge. The projection of the point where the cutting edge is selected onto the edge to be cut, determines the result. If you select the left-most vertical line near its top end, the wrong part of the angled line would be trimmed. The image below shows the '''Trim''' command invoked, the pre-selected vertical line, and the cursor hovering over the wrong end of that line. If you look carefully you can see the preview of the result. [[Image:T101dwb03-05_trimline.png|center]] Also trim the left-most vertical line to form the lower corner of the chamfer. Select the ''angled line'', '''Edge001''', near its top right endpoint for a correct result. If you make a mistake while trimming, just use [[Image:Std_Undo.svg|24px|link=Std_Undo]] [[Std_Undo|Undo]] and [[Image:Std_Refresh.svg|24px|link=Std_Refresh]] [[Std_Refresh|Refresh]] (the latter often called ''recompute'') and try again. [[Image:T101dwb03-06_chamferlowercornerdone.png|center]] To trim the ''upper horizontal edge'', the '''Fillet''' needs to be ''downgraded'' so that the upper edge is its own object in the Tree View. If you attempt to trim it without first having done the downgrade, the trimming function attempts to trim the arc in the fillet. Because the trimming edge, the ''middle vertical line'', is perpendicular to the edge to be trimmed, you cannot control the trim result by picking a correct point on the trimming edge. Here you need the flip the default solution by holding down the {{KEY|Alt}} key as you select the cutting edge. The profile is ready and shown below with the edges organized in a [[Image:Std_Group.svg|24px|link=Std_Group]] [[Std_Group|Group]] named '''Profile''' (or ''labeled'' to be precise in FreeCAD lingo), along with the help line deleted. Groups can be used to organize the features in your ''FreeCAD documents'', its usage is similar to a folder structure on a computer’s file system. To move things in and out of the group, use ''drag and drop'' in the Tree View. [[Image:T101dwb03-07_profiledone.png|center]] ==Why extruding can fail== Save the document. We will experiment in this paragraph and we want to be able to go back to the current model. Let’s jump right in: select all the edges in the ''group'' '''Profile''', and in the [[Image:Workbench_Part.svg|24px|link=Part_Workbench]] [[Part_Workbench|Part Workbench]] invoke the command [[Image:Part_Extrude.svg|24px|link=Part_Extrude]] [[Part_Extrude|Extrude]]. A ''task panel'' opens, accept all the defaults and click {{Button|OK}}. [[Image:T101dwb04-01_extrudelineserror.png|center]] That did not work out, but it sounds easy enough to fix the error, we just need to specify a direction. Click {{Button|OK}} to get back to the ''task panel'' and select ''custom direction''. [[Image:T101dwb04-02_extrudelineszaxis.png|center]] Accept the default z-axis and once more click {{Button|OK}}. [[Image:T101dwb04-03_extrudelinessheets.png|center]] We managed to make a fence like structure, judging from the Tree View every edge is treated separately. It is not the filled solid that we want. Hit [[Std_Undo|Undo]], and let’s try something else. Scrolling all the way to the bottom of the '''Extrude''' ''task panel'' there is an option ''Create solid'', check that option and click {{Button|OK}}. [[Image:T101dwb04-04_extrudelinesfilled.png|center]] Everything disappeared, clearly that did not work either. Let’s go through why none of these ways are working. In the first case we got an error that the direction could not be determined. A flat face has a normal, i.e. direction, a line does not. Since from our second attempt we know that it worked when providing a direction, the error simply comes from trying to extrude a line without knowing a direction. The observant will say that an arc has a normal (direction), this is true. If you select only the edge that is the arc, FreeCAD will extrude it, also with default settings. In the second case it worked, but we also got an extrusion for each edge we had in our selection. The resulting features however are not what we want, i.e. a solid. In the third case we checked ''Create solid'', and ended up with everything disappearing. The objects in the Tree View have a different icon as well, there is a ''white exclamation'' mark on a red background, that particular ''overlay icon'' means that the object has an error that has to be tended to. One can read up on the different types of [[Tree_view#Overlay_icons|overlay icons]] on the wiki. Hovering over any of the Tree View objects with the overlay icon a tool tip is displayed, it says ''Wire is not closed''. [[Image:T101dwb04-05_extrudelineserrortooltip.png|center]] In our case the error is not fixable. It is ''geometrically impossible'' to create a solid out of an extruded single line. An extruded line simply becomes a sheet, or ''shell'' in FreeCAD lingo. In other words, this is not a FreeCAD limitation, it is a fundamental outcome of geometrical theory. The reason why the 3D view goes completely blank is that the created features, or objects in the Tree View, have errors in the produced ''shape'', and thus contain nothing to render. FreeCAD does however create the new document objects (in this case extrusions) and thus hides any geometry/object used for making the new document objects. That is why the screen goes blank when trying to make a solid out of a line, or lines. The tool tip says it all, in order to extrude into a solid one needs a ''closed wire, or a face''. A face is, per definition, simply a closed wire that is filled. One way to create a closed wire out of our profile edges is to select them all and apply [[Image:Draft_Upgrade.svg|24px|link=Draft_Upgrade]] [[Draft_Upgrade|Draft Upgrade]]. If applied once it becomes a wire, while at the same time it consumes the individual edges from the Tree View. If applied twice it becomes a face, either of those allows for a successful solid extrusion. Before going on to the next paragraph: open the previous version of the document. ==Extruding the profile== Another way to create the closed wire is with the [[Image:Part_Builder.svg|24px|link=Part_Builder]] [[Part_Builder|Shape builder]] command from the Part Workbench, which allows for making a wire without consuming the individual edges. '''Part Shape builder''' is a powerful tool to create any geometric entity in FreeCAD that can be used further to create complex solids, the simplest example is creating a line between two vertices. Click '''Part Shape builder''' to bring up the ''task panel''. [[Image:T101dwb05-01_shapebuildertaskpanel.png|center]] We can use either ''Wire from edges'' or ''Face from edges''. Multiple selections have to be made with the {{KEY|Ctrl}} key pressed down. Let’s use ''Face from edges'', once that option is selected one can also select ''Planar'', do that as well. Then select all edges in the profile, the order does not matter (in this case) and click {{Button|Create}}, and then {{Button|Close}} to come back to the Tree View. The ''face'' has been created. [[Image:T101dwb05-02_shapebuilderfacedone.png|center]] Select the '''Face''' and invoke '''Part Extrude''', set the extrusion ''length'' to '''30''' mm and click {{Button|OK}}. [[Image:T101dwb05-03_extrusiondone.png|center]] ==Creating the through hole== To make the through hole we need a ''cylinder'' correctly ''positioned'' to make a boolean ''cut'' with. Create a cylinder, and position it correctly. In this case the ''radius'' is 5 mm, the ''height'' is set to 60 mm. For the placement, first it is ''rotated'' -90 degrees around the x-axis, then positioned at ''(65, -5, 15)''. The negative 5 in the y-direction is because the height is 10 mm longer than needed. [[Image:T101dwb05-04_cylinderplaced.png|center]] It does not hurt to make the height of the cylinder longer than needed. For a simple model like this it will not matter if the cylinder is the exact height of the profile. It is however good practice to avoid co-planar faces to prevent numerical errors in the geometric kernel that can sometimes result in strange effects, or failures in subsequent operations. With a final boolean cut, and after changing the appearance of the resulting object, the model is completed. [[Image:T101dwb05-05_modelcomplete.png|center]] ==Making a sketch out of the 2D profile== Using the '''Draft Workbench''' is one way of creating a 2D profile. In the '''Draft Workbench''' a wire can be made in 3D space. FreeCAD provides another tool to make 2D profiles – the [[Image:Workbench_Sketcher.svg|24px|link=Sketcher_Workbench]] [[Sketcher_Workbench|Sketcher Workbench]]. Using a ''sketch'' is a more versatile way to create a 2D profile. Any 2D profile made in the '''Draft Workbench''' can be converted to an ''unconstrained'' sketch. Start by hiding the '''Cut''' feature and make the edges in the profile visible. Select the edges and from the '''Draft Workbench''' press the toolbar button [[Image:Draft_Draft2Sketch.svg|24px|link=Draft_Draft2Sketch]] [[Draft_Draft2Sketch|Draft to Sketch]]. You should see the same as in the image below. [[Image:T101dwb06-01_draft2sketch.png|center]] Next, hide the original edges and double-click the '''Sketch''' object in the Tree View, bringing you to the following state, i.e. the ''Sketcher task panel'' opened. [[Image:T101dwb06-02_sketchedit.png|center]] This is how it looks when one ''edits a sketch''. Since this is not a tutorial for using the Sketcher just go ahead and close it. If you want an introduction to sketching, which is a core workflow in any 3D parametric CAD, please follow the sister tutorial ''[[Creating_a_simple_part_with_PartDesign|Creating a simple part with PartDesign]]''. With the '''Sketch''' closed and selected, from the '''Part Workbench''' use Extrude in the same way as before. The basic block of the simple model is ready once again. [[Image:T101dwb06-03_sketchextruded.png|center]] ==Quality of models== Sooner or later when working with 3D parametric CAD you will come across a broken model, either one you have made yourself, or a model that you have imported. A broken model can work for its purpose, but more often than not, there are subsequent operations that simply will not work. To repair a broken model one has to know what to repair, this is where the built-in quality check tools in FreeCAD come in. First let us check the quality of the recently created '''Extrude001'''. With the '''Part Workbench''' active, first select '''Extrude001''' and then use the command [[Image:Part_CheckGeometry.svg|24px|link=Part_CheckGeometry]] [[Part_CheckGeometry|Check geometry]]. Check all settings checkboxes except the top one, and click the {{Button|Run check}} button. [[Image:T101dwb07-01_geocheck.png|center]] Our model is OK, no errors are reported. There is also a listing of the models content, or in FreeCAD lingo, the content of the ''shape'', i.e. how it is put together from ground up. Here one can see that apparently to make a ''solid'' one also needs a ''shell'', and the shell is made out of ''faces'', and so on. In other words, you can create any solid by simply starting out by making points, or ''vertices'', from those one makes ''edges'', and from those one creates ''wires'', and out of the wires one makes ''faces'' which are then stitched into a ''shell'', from which one finally arrives at a ''solid''. A solid can only be made from a watertight shell. A not watertight shell is a common source of troublesome CAD models, it can for example happen with imported geometry created in a different software, especially when using the commonly available neutral file formats. Another check one can do is related to the '''Sketch'''. Close the ''task panel'' for the geometry check. Select the '''Sketch''', expand '''Extrude001''' in the Tree View if needed in order to see the sketch object. Switch to the [[Image:Workbench_Sketcher.svg|24px|link=Sketcher_Workbench]] [[Sketcher_Workbench|Sketcher Workbench]], use the command [[Image:Sketcher_ValidateSketch.svg|24px|link=Sketcher_ValidateSketch]] [[Sketcher_ValidateSketch|Validate sketch]], a ''task panel'' opens. In the ''task panel'', click the {{Button|Find}} button for ''Missing coincidences''. It highlights and reports ''6'' of them, i.e. all the points where the edges meet. [[Image:T101dwb07-02_sketchvalidate.png|center]] Click {{Button|OK}} in the pop-up dialog and then click the {{Button|Fix}} button to heal the ''Missing coincidences''. If you close the ''task panel'', and go into ''edit mode'' of the '''Sketch''', it reports ''12 degrees of freedom'', as opposed to the earlier ''24''. That was achieved through adding ''coincident constraints'' to the endpoints of the edges. The observant reader notices that when using edges from Draft those had to be joined into a closed wire to make a solid extrusion, whereas in Sketcher that was apparently not needed. The logic here is that the sketch is one object, and the extrusion of one object is treated as if it was a closed wire (in this case). Finally it should be pointed out that, although creating subsequent objects from sketches with ''open vertices'' can work, it is ''best practice'' to ''not have any'', as well as to have a ''fully constrained sketch'' (as opposed to an under-constrained sketch). The reason why it works here is that the ''sketch'' is created from a Draft profile constructed in such a way that the endpoints of the edges match without any gaps. If you draw by hand in a sketch, and also try to match endpoints by hand, it is virtually guaranteed that endpoints will not match, i.e. the gaps (although not really visible on the screen) will be large enough that the geometric kernel cannot consider the edges to be geometrically joined. ==Wrapping up== Having gone through the tutorial you have become somewhat familiar with the basic functionality of FreeCAD, along with the core workbenches '''Part''' and '''Draft'''. You are also aware of the existence of the '''Sketcher Workbench''', which for many experienced users is the sole tool used to create 2D profiles later utilized in solid feature operations. The use of ''sketches'' is a core concept in the '''PartDesign Workbench'''. It is suggested that you learn ''sketches'' and '''PartDesign Workbench''' next if your focus is on creating solids. The sister-tutorial ''[[Creating_a_simple_part_with_PartDesign|Creating a simple part with PartDesign]]'' makes the same model as this tutorial. If your focus is modeling buildings your next learning should be the '''Draft''' and '''Arch''' workbenches. At last, FreeCAD is made by volunteers in their spare time. If you want to further advance FreeCAD’s capabilities, consider [[Help_FreeCAD|contributing]] to FreeCAD, for example by improving the documentation.