Sketcher ConstrainTangent/ro: Difference between revisions

From FreeCAD Documentation
No edit summary
(Updating to match new version of source page)
 
(20 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
<languages/>
<languages/>

{{Docnav
|[[Sketcher_ConstrainPerpendicular|Perpendicular]]
|[[Sketcher_ConstrainEqual|Equal]]
|[[Sketcher_Workbench|Sketcher]]
|IconL=Sketcher_ConstrainPerpendicular.svg
|IconR=Sketcher_ConstrainEqual.svg
|IconC=Workbench_Sketcher.svg
}}

<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
{{GuiCommand
{{GuiCommand
|Name=Sketcher ConstrainTangent
|Name=Sketcher ConstrainTangent
Line 7: Line 18:
|SeeAlso=[[Sketcher ConstrainPointOnObject|Constraint point on object]]
|SeeAlso=[[Sketcher ConstrainPointOnObject|Constraint point on object]]
}}
}}
</div>


==Description==

<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
==Descriere==
==Descriere==
Tangent Constraint makes two curves to touch each other (be tangent). Lines are treated infinite, and arcs are treated as full circles/ellipses. The constraint is also capable of connecting two curves, forcing them tangent at the joint, thus making the joint smooth.
Tangent Constraint makes two curves to touch each other (be tangent). Lines are treated infinite, and arcs are treated as full circles/ellipses. The constraint is also capable of connecting two curves, forcing them tangent at the joint, thus making the joint smooth.
</div>

==Usage==

See also: [[Sketcher_Workbench#Drawing_aids|Drawing aids]].

===[[Sketcher_Workbench#Continue_modes|Continue mode]]===

# Make sure there is no selection.
# There are several ways to invoke the tool:
#* Press the {{Button|[[Image:Sketcher_ConstrainTangent.svg|16px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainTangent|Constrain tangent or collinear]]}} button.
#* Select the {{MenuCommand|Sketch → Sketcher constraints → [[Image:Sketcher_ConstrainTangent.svg|16px]] Constrain tangent or collinear}} option from the menu.
#* {{Version|1.0}}: Right-click in the [[3D_view|3D view]] and select the {{MenuCommand|Constrain → [[Image:Sketcher_ConstrainTangent.svg|16px]] Constrain tangent or collinear}} option from the context menu.
#* Use the keyboard shortcut: {{KEY|T}}.
# The cursor changes to a cross with the tool icon.
# Do one of the following:
#* Select two edges. The edges can be any edge except a B-spline.
#* Select a point and two edges (in that order).
#* Select an edge, a point and another edge (idem).
# A Tangent constraint is added. If a point and two edges have been selected, up to two [[Sketcher_ConstrainPointOnObject|Point on object constraints]] can also be added. See [[#Between_two_edges_at_point|Examples]].
# Optionally keep creating constraints.
# To finish, right-click or press {{KEY|Esc}}, or start another geometry or constraint creation tool.

===Run-once mode===


# Do one of the following:
==Cum se folosește==
#* Select two edges (see above).
sunt patru moduri diferite în cae contrângerea poate fi aplicată:
#* Select two endpoints belonging to different edges.
# between two curves (available not for all curves)
#* Select an edge and the endpoint of another edge (in any order).
# between two endpoints of a curve, making a smooth joint
# between a curve and an endpoint of another curve
#* Select a point and two edges (idem).
# Invoke the tool as explained above, or with the following additional option:
# between two curves at user-defined point
#* {{Version|1.0}}: Right-click in the [[3D_view|3D view]] and select the {{MenuCommand|[[Image:Sketcher_ConstrainTangent.svg|16px]] Constrain tangent or collinear}} option from the context menu.
# A Tangent constraint is added. If a point and two edges have been selected, up to two [[Sketcher_ConstrainPointOnObject|Point on object constraints]] can also be added. See [[#Between_two_edges_at_point|Examples]].


==Examples==
Pentru a aplica constrângerile de tangență, trebuie să urmați pașii:
* Select two or three entities in the sketch.
* Invoke the constraint by clicking its icon on the toolbar, or selecting the menu item, or using keyboard shortcut.


<span id="Between_two_edges"></span>
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
===Între două curbe (direct tangency)===
===Între două curbe (direct tangency)===
[[Image:Sketcher ConsraintTangent mode1.png|600px]]
[[Image:Sketcher ConsraintTangent mode1.png|600px]]
</div>


[[Image:Sketcher_ConsraintTangent_mode1.png|400px]]
două curbe vor fi făcute tangente, and the point of tangency will be implicit. This mode is applied if two curves were selected.


The two edges are made tangent. If one of the edges is a [[Sketcher_Workbench#Sketcher_CompCreateConic|conic]], a [[Sketcher_CreatePoint|Point object]] that has a [[Sketcher_ConstrainPointOnObject|Point on object constraint]] with both (extended) edges is added.
'''Accepted selection:'''
* line + line, circle, arc, ellipse, arc-of-ellipse
* circle, arc + circle, arc
Dacă nu este acceptată tangența directă între curbele selectate (de exemplu, între un cerc și o elipsă), va fi adăugat un punct de ajutor pentru a schița automat și se va aplica tangența-prin-punct.


<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
Nu se recomandă reconstruirea punctului de tangență prin crearea unui punct și constrângerea lui de a se afla pe ambele curbe. It will work, but the convergence will be seriously slower, jumpier, and will require about twice as many iterations to converge than normal. Use other modes of this constraint if the point of tangency is needed.
Nu se recomandă reconstruirea punctului de tangență prin crearea unui punct și constrângerea lui de a se afla pe ambele curbe. It will work, but the convergence will be seriously slower, jumpier, and will require about twice as many iterations to converge than normal. Use other modes of this constraint if the point of tangency is needed.
</div>


<span id="Between_two_endpoints"></span>
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
===Între două puncte finale (point-to-point tangency)===
===Între două puncte finale (point-to-point tangency)===
[[Image:Sketcher ConsraintTangent mode2.png|600px]]
[[Image:Sketcher ConsraintTangent mode2.png|600px]]
</div>


[[Image:Sketcher_ConsraintTangent_mode2.png|400px]]
In this mode, the endpoints are made coincident, and the joint is made tangent (C1-smooth, or "sharp", depending on the placement of curves before the constraint is applied). This mode is applied when two endpoints of two curves were selected.


The endpoints are made coincident, and the angle between the edges at that point is set to 180° (smooth joint) or 0° (sharp joint), depending on the placement of the edges before the constraint is applied.
'''Accepted selection:'''
* endpoint of line/arc/arc-of-ellipse + endpoint of line/arc/arc-of-ellipse (i.e., two endpoints of any two curves)


<span id="Between_edge_and_endpoint"></span>
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
===Între curbă și punct final (point-to-curve tangency)===
===Între curbă și punct final (point-to-curve tangency)===
[[Image:Sketcher ConsraintTangent mode3.png|600px]]
[[Image:Sketcher ConsraintTangent mode3.png|600px]]
</div>


[[Image:Sketcher_ConsraintTangent_mode3.png|400px]]
In this mode, an endpoint of one curve is constrained to lie on the other curve, and the curves are forced tangent at the point. This mode is applied when a curve and an endpoint of another curve were selected.

'''Accepted selection:'''
* line, circle, arc, ellipse, arc-of-ellipse + endpoint of line/arc/arc-of-ellipse (i.e., any curve + endpoint of any curve)


<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
În acest mod, un punct final al unei curbe este constrâns să stea pe cealaltă curbă, and the curves are forced tangent at the point. This mode is applied when a curve and an endpoint of another curve were selected.
</div>


<span id="Between_two_edges_at_point"></span>
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
===Între două curbe la punct (tangent-via-point) (v0.15)===
===Între două curbe la punct (tangent-via-point) (v0.15)===
[[Image:Sketcher ConsraintTangent mode4.png|600px]]
[[Image:Sketcher ConsraintTangent mode4.png|600px]]
</div>


[[Image:Sketcher_ConsraintTangent_mode4.png|400px]]
In this mode, two curves are made tangent, and the point of tangency is tracked. This mode is applied when two curves and a point were selected.


<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
'''Accepted selection:'''
În acest mod, două curbe sunt tangente și punctul de tangență este urmărit. Acest mod se aplică atunci când au fost selectate două curbe și un punct.
* any line/curve + any line/curve + any point
</div>
"Any point" can be a lone point, or a point of something, e.g. a center of a circle, an endpoint of an arc, or the origin.


<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
For the constraint to work correctly, the point must be on both curves. So, as the constraint is invoked, the point will be automatically constrained onto both curves ([[Sketcher helper constraint|helper constraints]] will be added, if necessary), and the curves will be forced tangent at the point. These [[Sketcher helper constraint|helper constraints]] are plain regular constraints. They can be added manually, or deleted.
În comparație cu tangența directă, această constrângere este mai lentă, deoarece există mai multe grade de libertate implicate, dar dacă este necesar punctul de tangență, acesta este modul recomandat deoarece oferă o convergență mai bună comparativ cu tangența directă + punct pe două curbe.
</div>


===Between two lines===
Compared to direct tangency, this constraint is slower, because there are more degrees of freedom involved, but if the point of tangency is needed, it is the recommended mode because it offers better convergence compared to direct tangency + point on two curves.


[[Image:Sketcher_ConstraintTangent_mode5.png|400px]]
The placement of the point before the constraint is applied is a hint for the solver for where the tangency should be. With this constraint, one can constrain two ellipses to touch each other in two places.


The two lines are made collinear.

<span id="Scripting"></span>
==Script==
==Script==


<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
Tangent Constraint can be created from [[macros]] and from the python console by using the following:
Tangent Constraint poate fi creată din [[macros]] și din consola python folosind următoarele:
</div>
{{Code|code=
{{Code|code=
# direct tangency
# direct tangency
Line 82: Line 138:
Sketch.addConstraint(Sketcher.Constraint('TangentViaPoint',icurve1,icurve2,geoidpoint,pointpos))
Sketch.addConstraint(Sketcher.Constraint('TangentViaPoint',icurve1,icurve2,geoidpoint,pointpos))
}}
}}
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
unde:
unde:
:* <tt>Sketch</tt> is a sketch object
:* <tt>Sketch</tt> is a sketch object
:* <tt>icurve1, icurve2</tt> are two integers identifying the curves to be made tangent. The integers are indexes in the sketch (the value, returned by Sketch.addGeometry).
:* <tt>icurve1, icurve2</tt> are two integers identifying the curves to be made tangent. The integers are indexes in the sketch (the value, returned by Sketch.addGeometry).
:* <tt>pointpos1, pointpos2</tt> should be 1 for start point and 2 for end point.
:* <tt>pointpos1, pointpos2</tt> should be 1 for start point and 2 for end point.
:* <tt>geoidpoint</tt> and <tt>pointpos</tt> in TangentViaPoint are the indexes specifying the point of tangency.
:* <tt>geoidpoint</tt> and <tt>pointpos</tt> in TangentViaPoint are the indexes specifying the point of tangency.
</div>


The [[Sketcher_scripting|Sketcher scripting]] page explains the values which can be used for {{incode|incurve1}}, {{incode|incurve2}}, {{incode|pointpos1}}, {{incode|pointpos2}}, {{incode|geoidpoint}} and {{incode|pointpos}} and contains further examples on how to create constraints from Python scripts.


{{Docnav
|[[Sketcher_ConstrainPerpendicular|Perpendicular]]
|[[Sketcher_ConstrainEqual|Equal]]
|[[Sketcher_Workbench|Sketcher]]
|IconL=Sketcher_ConstrainPerpendicular.svg
|IconR=Sketcher_ConstrainEqual.svg
|IconC=Workbench_Sketcher.svg
}}


{{Sketcher_Tools_navi{{#translation:}}}}
{{clear}}
{{Userdocnavi{{#translation:}}}}

Latest revision as of 15:01, 23 April 2024

Sketcher ConstrainTangent

Menu location
Sketch → Sketcher constraints → Constrain tangent
Workbenches
Sketcher
Default shortcut
T
Introduced in version
-
See also
Constraint point on object

Description

Descriere

Tangent Constraint makes two curves to touch each other (be tangent). Lines are treated infinite, and arcs are treated as full circles/ellipses. The constraint is also capable of connecting two curves, forcing them tangent at the joint, thus making the joint smooth.

Usage

See also: Drawing aids.

Continue mode

  1. Make sure there is no selection.
  2. There are several ways to invoke the tool:
    • Press the Constrain tangent or collinear button.
    • Select the Sketch → Sketcher constraints → Constrain tangent or collinear option from the menu.
    • introduced in version 1.0: Right-click in the 3D view and select the Constrain → Constrain tangent or collinear option from the context menu.
    • Use the keyboard shortcut: T.
  3. The cursor changes to a cross with the tool icon.
  4. Do one of the following:
    • Select two edges. The edges can be any edge except a B-spline.
    • Select a point and two edges (in that order).
    • Select an edge, a point and another edge (idem).
  5. A Tangent constraint is added. If a point and two edges have been selected, up to two Point on object constraints can also be added. See Examples.
  6. Optionally keep creating constraints.
  7. To finish, right-click or press Esc, or start another geometry or constraint creation tool.

Run-once mode

  1. Do one of the following:
    • Select two edges (see above).
    • Select two endpoints belonging to different edges.
    • Select an edge and the endpoint of another edge (in any order).
    • Select a point and two edges (idem).
  2. Invoke the tool as explained above, or with the following additional option:
  3. A Tangent constraint is added. If a point and two edges have been selected, up to two Point on object constraints can also be added. See Examples.

Examples

Între două curbe (direct tangency)

The two edges are made tangent. If one of the edges is a conic, a Point object that has a Point on object constraint with both (extended) edges is added.

Nu se recomandă reconstruirea punctului de tangență prin crearea unui punct și constrângerea lui de a se afla pe ambele curbe. It will work, but the convergence will be seriously slower, jumpier, and will require about twice as many iterations to converge than normal. Use other modes of this constraint if the point of tangency is needed.

Între două puncte finale (point-to-point tangency)

The endpoints are made coincident, and the angle between the edges at that point is set to 180° (smooth joint) or 0° (sharp joint), depending on the placement of the edges before the constraint is applied.

Între curbă și punct final (point-to-curve tangency)

În acest mod, un punct final al unei curbe este constrâns să stea pe cealaltă curbă, and the curves are forced tangent at the point. This mode is applied when a curve and an endpoint of another curve were selected.

Între două curbe la punct (tangent-via-point) (v0.15)

În acest mod, două curbe sunt tangente și punctul de tangență este urmărit. Acest mod se aplică atunci când au fost selectate două curbe și un punct.

În comparație cu tangența directă, această constrângere este mai lentă, deoarece există mai multe grade de libertate implicate, dar dacă este necesar punctul de tangență, acesta este modul recomandat deoarece oferă o convergență mai bună comparativ cu tangența directă + punct pe două curbe.

Between two lines

The two lines are made collinear.

Script

Tangent Constraint poate fi creată din macros și din consola python folosind următoarele:

# direct tangency
Sketch.addConstraint(Sketcher.Constraint('Tangent',icurve1,icurve2))

# point-to-point tangency
Sketch.addConstraint(Sketcher.Constraint('Tangent',icurve1,pointpos1,icurve2,pointpos2))

# point-to-curve tangency
Sketch.addConstraint(Sketcher.Constraint('Tangent',icurve1,pointpos1,icurve2))

# tangent-via-point (plain constraint, helpers are not added automatically)
Sketch.addConstraint(Sketcher.Constraint('TangentViaPoint',icurve1,icurve2,geoidpoint,pointpos))

unde:

  • Sketch is a sketch object
  • icurve1, icurve2 are two integers identifying the curves to be made tangent. The integers are indexes in the sketch (the value, returned by Sketch.addGeometry).
  • pointpos1, pointpos2 should be 1 for start point and 2 for end point.
  • geoidpoint and pointpos in TangentViaPoint are the indexes specifying the point of tangency.

The Sketcher scripting page explains the values which can be used for incurve1, incurve2, pointpos1, pointpos2, geoidpoint and pointpos and contains further examples on how to create constraints from Python scripts.