Mesh Workbench: Difference between revisions

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'''网格工作台'''用于处理[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangle_mesh 三角网格]。网格是三维对象的一种特殊形式,由边线或者顶点相连的三角形连接而成。
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[[Image:Mesh_example.jpg|An example of a mesh object]]
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网格对象的例子
[[Image:Workbench_Mesh.svg|thumb|128px|Mesh workbench icon]]


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许多三维应用程序都使用网格作为三维对象的主要形式,例如[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sketchup sketchup], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blender_(software) blender], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_(software) maya],或者 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3d_max 3d studio max]。因为网格是非常简单的对象,仅仅包含顶点、边、以及(三角形)面,所以网格对象非常容易创建、修改、细分、延展,以及可以轻松地从一个应用程序转换到另一个应用程序中而不会发生任何信息丢失现象。而且,由于网格对象包含的数据十分简单,故三维应用程序通常可以完好地管理大量的网格对象数据。基于此,网格通常作为用于处理电影,动画,以及图像生成的应用程序的三维对象类型的选择。
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==Introduction== <!--T:27-->
但是,在工程领域,网格存在一个较大的限制:它们是哑对象,仅仅由点、线、面组成。它们仅仅由表面组成,没有质量,所以就没有实体所具有的性质。在网格对象中,无法自动识别点是否位于对象上。这也就意味着,所有基于实体的操作,例如合并或者差减运算等,对于网格来说通常都有点困难,并经常报错。


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由于 FreeCAD 是一个工程软件,我们当然更希望使用更高级更智能的三维对象类型来工作,使它们能够具有更多的信息,例如质量,实体性质,或者自定义参数等。可以先创建对象的网格模型作为试验台,但是对于 FreeCAD 来说,网格的读取、操作、转换也是十分重要的。在工作流程中,你将经常得到网格格式的三维数据,然后需要对数据进行处理、分析以便检测出影响使其转换成更高级对象的错误或其它问题,最后,利用[[Part Module/cn|零件模块]]将其转换成更高级的对象。
The [[Image:Workbench_Mesh.svg|24px]] [[Mesh_Workbench|Mesh Workbench]] handles [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangle_mesh triangle meshes]. Meshes are a special type of 3D object, composed of triangular faces connected by their vertices and edges.


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=== 使用网格模块 ===
Many 3D applications, like [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sketchup Sketchup], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blender_(software) Blender], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_(software) Maya] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3d_max 3D Studio Max], use meshes as their primary type of 3D object. Since meshes are very simple objects, containing only vertices (points), edges and triangular faces, they are very easy to create, modify, subdivide, stretch, and can easily be passed from one application to another without any loss of details. In addition, since meshes contain very simple data, 3D applications can usually manage very large quantities of them without using a lot of resources. For these reasons, meshes are often the 3D object type of choice for applications dealing with movies, animation, and image creation.


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网格模块具有十分简易的接口,它的所有功能都集合在'''网格'''菜单条目中。目前能够处理网格的最重要操作是:
However, in the field of engineering meshes present a big limitation: they cannot accurately define curved surfaces. This is why FreeCAD relies on [[wikipedia:Boundary representation|Brep]] instead. The Mesh Workbench offers some commands to directly manipulate meshes, but it is most often used to import 3D mesh data and convert it to a solid for use with the [[Image:Workbench_Part.svg|24px]] [[Part_Workbench|Part Workbench]] or [[Image:Workbench_PartDesign.svg|24px]] [[PartDesign_Workbench|PartDesign Workbench]].


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* 从多种文件格式中导入网格
[[Image:Mesh_example.jpg|500px]]
* 将网格到处成多种文件格式
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* 将[[Part Module/cn|零件]]对象转换为网格
* 分析曲率、表面,并检测网格能否成功转换为实体
* 将网格的[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_normal 法向量]反向
* 修补网格的缝隙
* 删除网格表面
* 对网格进行合并、差减、以及求交
* 创建基本的网格对象,像立方体、圆球、锥体、或圆柱
* 沿某条线剪切网格


==Tools== <!--T:7-->
这些仅仅是目前网格模块界面中存在的一些基本操作。不过也可以通过[[Mesh Scripting/cn|脚本编程]]对 FreeCAD 做更多的处理。


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All Mesh Workbench tools can be accessed from the '''Meshes''' menu. Almost all are also available in one of the Mesh toolbars.


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{{languages | {{cn|Getting started/cn}} {{de|Mesh Module/de}} {{es|Mesh Module/es}} {{fr|Mesh Module/fr}} {{pl|Mesh Module/pl}} {{ru|Mesh Module/ru}} {{se|Mesh Module/se}} }}
* [[Image:Mesh_Import.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_Import|Import mesh...]]: Imports a mesh object from a file.


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[[Category:User Documentation]]
* [[Image:Mesh_Export.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_Export|Export mesh...]]: Exports a mesh object to a file.

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* [[Image:Mesh_FromPartShape.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_FromPartShape|Create mesh from shape...]]: Creates mesh objects from shape objects.

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* [[Image:Mesh_RemeshGmsh.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_RemeshGmsh|Refinement...]]: Remeshes a mesh object.

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* Analyze
** [[Image:Mesh_Evaluation.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_Evaluation|Evaluate and repair mesh...]]: Evaluates and repairs a mesh object.
** [[Image:Mesh_EvaluateFacet.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_EvaluateFacet|Face info]]: Shows information about faces of mesh objects.
** [[Image:Mesh_CurvatureInfo.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_CurvatureInfo|Curvature info]]: Shows the absolute curvature of [[Mesh_VertexCurvature|curvature objects]] at selected points.
** [[Image:Mesh_EvaluateSolid.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_EvaluateSolid|Check solid mesh]]: Checks if a mesh object is solid.
** [[Image:Mesh_BoundingBox.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_BoundingBox|Boundings info...]]: Shows the bounding box coordinates of a mesh object.

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* [[Image:Mesh_VertexCurvature.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_VertexCurvature|Curvature plot]]: Creates Mesh Curvature objects for mesh objects.

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* [[Image:Mesh_HarmonizeNormals.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_HarmonizeNormals|Harmonize normals]]: Harmonizes the normals of mesh objects.

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* [[Image:Mesh_FlipNormals.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_FlipNormals|Flip normals]]: Flips the normals of mesh objects.

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* [[Image:Mesh_FillupHoles.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_FillupHoles|Fill holes...]]: Fills holes in mesh objects.

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* [[Image:Mesh_FillInteractiveHole.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_FillInteractiveHole|Close hole]]: Fills selected holes in mesh objects.

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* [[Image:Mesh_AddFacet.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_AddFacet|Add triangle]]: Adds faces along a boundary of an open mesh object.

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* [[Image:Mesh_RemoveComponents.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_RemoveComponents|Remove components...]]: Removes faces from mesh objects.

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* [[Image:Mesh_RemoveCompByHand.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_RemoveCompByHand|Remove components by hand...]]: Removes components from mesh objects.

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* [[Image:Mesh_Segmentation.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_Segmentation|Create mesh segments...]]: Creates separate mesh segments for specified surface types of a mesh object.

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* [[Image:Mesh_SegmentationBestFit.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_SegmentationBestFit|Create mesh segments from best-fit surfaces...]]: Creates separate mesh segments for specified surface types of a mesh object, and can identify their parameters.

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* [[Image:Mesh_Smoothing.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_Smoothing|Smooth...]]: Smooths mesh objects.

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* [[Image:Mesh_Decimating.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_Decimating|Decimation...]]: Reduces the number of faces in mesh objects.

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* [[Image:Mesh_Scale.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_Scale|Scale...]]: Scales mesh objects.

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* [[Image:Mesh_BuildRegularSolid.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_BuildRegularSolid|Regular solid...]]: Creates a regular parametric solid mesh object.

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* Boolean
** [[Image:Mesh_Union.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_Union|Union]]: Creates a mesh object that is the union of two mesh objects.
** [[Image:Mesh_Intersection.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_Intersection|Intersection]]: Creates a mesh object that is the intersection of two mesh objects.
** [[Image:Mesh_Difference.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_Difference|Difference]]: Creates a mesh object that is the difference of two mesh objects.

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* Cutting
** [[Image:Mesh_PolyCut.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_PolyCut|Cut mesh]]: Cuts whole faces from mesh objects.
** [[Image:Mesh_PolyTrim.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_PolyTrim|Trim mesh]]: Trims faces and parts of faces from mesh objects.
** [[Image:Mesh_TrimByPlane.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_TrimByPlane|Trim mesh with a plane]]: Trims faces and parts of faces on one side of a plane from a mesh object.
** [[Image:Mesh_SectionByPlane.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_SectionByPlane|Create section from mesh and plane]]: Creates a cross section across a mesh object.
** [[Image:Mesh_CrossSections.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_CrossSections|Cross-sections...]]: Creates multiple cross sections across mesh objects.

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* [[Image:Mesh_Merge.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_Merge|Merge]]: Creates a mesh object by combining the meshes of two or more mesh objects.

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* [[Image:Mesh_SplitComponents.svg|32px]] [[Mesh_SplitComponents|Split by components]]: Splits a mesh object into its components.

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* [[Image:MeshPart_CreateFlatMesh.svg|32px]] [[MeshPart_CreateFlatMesh|Unwrap mesh]]: Creates a flat representation of a mesh object.

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* [[Image:MeshPart_CreateFlatFace.svg|32px]] [[MeshPart_CreateFlatFace|Unwrap face]]: Creates a flat representation of a face of a shape object.

==Preferences== <!--T:18-->

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There are some [[Import_Export_Preferences#Mesh_Formats|export preferences related to Mesh Formats]] but these are not used by commands belonging to this workbench. They are used by the [[Std_Export|Std Export]] command.

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Mesh Workbench preferences can be found in the following categories of the [[Preferences_Editor|Preferences Editor]]:
* [[Image:Preferences-display.svg|32px]] [[Preferences_Editor#Display|Display]]: On the [[Preferences_Editor#Mesh_view|Mesh view]] tab several preferences can be set.
* [[Image:Preferences-openscad.svg|32px]] [[OpenSCAD_Preferences|OpenSCAD]]: The [[Mesh_Union|Mesh Union]], [[Mesh_Intersection|Mesh Intersection]] and [[Mesh_Difference|Mesh Difference]] commands require [http://www.openscad.org/ OpenSCAD] and use the '''OpenSCAD executable''' preference to find its executable.

==Notes== <!--T:16-->

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* More mesh tools are available in the [[Image:Workbench_OpenSCAD.svg|24px]] [[OpenSCAD_Workbench|OpenSCAD Workbench]].
* See [[Mesh_Scripting|Mesh Scripting]] to manipulate and create meshes using [[Python|Python]].
* See also [[FreeCAD_and_Mesh_Import|FreeCAD and Mesh Import]]
* See [[Asymptote|Asymptote]] to export meshes to the Asymptote format.


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Latest revision as of 16:24, 25 November 2023

Mesh workbench icon

Introduction

The Mesh Workbench handles triangle meshes. Meshes are a special type of 3D object, composed of triangular faces connected by their vertices and edges.

Many 3D applications, like Sketchup, Blender, Maya and 3D Studio Max, use meshes as their primary type of 3D object. Since meshes are very simple objects, containing only vertices (points), edges and triangular faces, they are very easy to create, modify, subdivide, stretch, and can easily be passed from one application to another without any loss of details. In addition, since meshes contain very simple data, 3D applications can usually manage very large quantities of them without using a lot of resources. For these reasons, meshes are often the 3D object type of choice for applications dealing with movies, animation, and image creation.

However, in the field of engineering meshes present a big limitation: they cannot accurately define curved surfaces. This is why FreeCAD relies on Brep instead. The Mesh Workbench offers some commands to directly manipulate meshes, but it is most often used to import 3D mesh data and convert it to a solid for use with the Part Workbench or PartDesign Workbench.

Tools

All Mesh Workbench tools can be accessed from the Meshes menu. Almost all are also available in one of the Mesh toolbars.

  • Close hole: Fills selected holes in mesh objects.
  • Add triangle: Adds faces along a boundary of an open mesh object.
  • Boolean
    • Union: Creates a mesh object that is the union of two mesh objects.
    • Intersection: Creates a mesh object that is the intersection of two mesh objects.
    • Difference: Creates a mesh object that is the difference of two mesh objects.
  • Merge: Creates a mesh object by combining the meshes of two or more mesh objects.
  • Unwrap mesh: Creates a flat representation of a mesh object.
  • Unwrap face: Creates a flat representation of a face of a shape object.

Preferences

There are some export preferences related to Mesh Formats but these are not used by commands belonging to this workbench. They are used by the Std Export command.

Mesh Workbench preferences can be found in the following categories of the Preferences Editor:

Notes