Manuel : L'interface FreeCad

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FreeCAD utilise le Qt framework pour dessiner et gérer son interface. Ce cadre est utilisé dans un large éventail d'applications, et l'interface FreeCAD est alors très classique et ne présente pas de difficulté particulière à comprendre. La plupart des boutons sont standard et vous les trouverez où vous les attendez (Fichier -> Ouvrir, Modifier -> Coller, etc.). Voici l'apparence de FreeCAD lorsque vous l’ouvrez pour la première fois, juste après l'installation, qui vous montrera le centre de démarrage :

Le centre de démarrage est un «écran de bienvenue» pratique, qui présente des informations utiles pour les nouveaux arrivants, comme les derniers fichiers sur lesquels vous avez travaillé, les nouveautés du Monde FreeCAD, ou des informations rapides sur les ateliers les plus courants. Il vous informera également si une nouvelle version stable de FreeCAD est disponible.

Mais après un certain temps, ou après avoir fait quelques changements dans les préférences, vous allez beaucoup plus probablement vous trouver directement dans l'un des autres ateliers, avec un nouveau document ouvert. Ou tout simplement, fermez l'onglet de la page de démarrage et créez un nouveau document :

Les ateliers

Note that some of the icons have changed between the two screencaptures above. This is where the most important concept used in the FreeCAD interface comes into play: Workbenches.

Workbenches are group of tools (toolbar buttons, menus, and other interface controls) that are grouped together by specialty. Think of a workshop where you have different people working together: A person who works with metal, another with wood. Each of them has, in their workshop, a separate table with specific tools for his/her job. However, they can all work on the same objects. The same happens in FreeCAD.

The most important control of the FreeCAD interface is the Workbench selector, which you use to switch from one Workbench to the other:

The Workbenches often confuse new users, since it's not always easy to know in which Workbench to look for a specific tool. But they are quick to learn, and after a short while, will feel nature--realizing it a convenient way to organize the multitude of tools FreeCAD has to offer, and they are also fully customizable (see below).

Later in this manual, you will also find a table showing the contents of all Workbenches.

The interface

Let's have a better look at the different parts of the interface:

  • The 3D view is the main component of the interface. It can be undocked out of the main window, you can have several views of the same document (or same objects), or several documents opened at the same time. You can select objects or parts of objects by clicking them, and you can pan, zoom and rotate the view with the mouse buttons. This will be explained further in the next chapter.
  • The combo view has two tabs:
    • The Model tab shows you the contents and structure of your document above and the properties (or parameters) of the selected object(s) below. These properties are separated in two categories:
      • Data (properties which concern the geometry itself)
      • View (properties that affect how the geometry looks like on screen).
    • The Tasks tab is where FreeCAD will prompt you for values specific to the tool you're currently using at the time—for example, entering a 'length' value when the Line tool is being used. It will close automatically after pressing the OK (or Cancel) button. Also, by double-clicking the related object in the combo view, most tools will allow you to reopen that task panel in order to modify the settings.
  • The report view is normally hidden, but it is a good idea to leave open as it will list any information, warnings or errors to help you decipher (or debug) what you may have done wrong.
  • The Python console is also hidden by default. This is where you can interact with the contents of the document using the Python language. Since every action you do on the FreeCAD interface actually executes a piece of Python code, having this open allows you to watch the code unfold in real time—allowing you a wonderful and easy way to learn a little Python on the way, almost without noticing it.

Any of the panels above can be turned on/off from menu View -> Panels.

Customizing the interface

The interface of FreeCAD is deeply customizable. All panels and toolbars can be moved to different places or stacked one with another. They can also be closed and reopened when needed from the View menu or by right-clicking on an empty area of the interface. There are, however, many more options available, such as creating custom toolbars with tools from any of the Workbenches, or assigning and changing keyboard shortcuts.

These advanced customization options are availabe from the Tools -> Customize menu:

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