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Introduction to Python

简介

宏是一种在FreeCAD中生成一系列复杂动作的简便方式。您可以借助此功能方便地将多个动作记录下来,将其保存在所取名下,在需要的时候反复执行。由于宏是一系列Python命令,所以可以对它们进行编辑,并创建出非常复杂的脚本。

Python脚本通常以.py作为扩展名,而FreeCAD中的宏则以.FCMacro作为扩展名。由经验丰富者所编写的宏的合集可从macros recipes页面找到。

参考Introduction to Python来学习Python编程语言,再阅读Python scripting tutorialFreeCAD Scripting Basics来学习如何编写宏。

如何工作

Edit → Preferences → General → Macro → Show scripts commands in python console菜单中开启控制台输出。这时,您将看到在FreeCAD中所执行的每个动作(例如按下按钮)的对应Python命令都输出到了控制台中。这些命令都能记录到宏中。制作宏的主要工具为宏工具栏:。其中有4个按钮:Record(记录), stop recording(停止记录), edit(编辑)以及执行当前的宏(play)。

这个工具使用起来也十分方便:按下记录按钮,系统会让您给宏起个名,接下来让您来执行一些动作。待记录的动作执行完毕后,点击停止记录按钮,之前的动作就会被保存下来。随后即可利用编辑按钮来访问宏对话框。

宏对话框, 列举了系统中存在的宏

您可以管理您的宏:删除、编辑、复制、安装,或者从头创建一个新的宏。如果您要编辑一个宏,它便会在编辑器窗口中打开,在此就可以修改其代码。可以用Addons...按钮来安装一个新的宏,它将跳转至Addon Manager

示例

按下记录按钮,指定宏的名称,这里设置为"cylinder 10x10",接下来,在零件工作台中创建一个半径为10且高为10的圆柱体。随后按下"stop recording(停止记录)"按钮。在编辑宏对话框中,您可以看到刚刚记录的python代码,如有需要就对代码进行调整。要执行编辑器中的宏的时候,只需简单地按下工具栏中的执行按钮即可。您制作的宏将一直存于硬盘,因此,您做的任意更改、或所创的新宏总能在下次开启FreeCAD时继续使用。

Customizing

Of course it is not practical to load a macro in the editor in order to use it. FreeCAD provides much better ways to use your macro, such as assigning a keyboard shortcut to it or putting an entry in the menu. Once your macro is created, all this can be done via the Tools → Customize menu.

Customize Toolbars This way you can make your macro become a real tool, just like any standard FreeCAD tool. This, added to the power of python scripting within FreeCAD, makes it possible to easily add your own tools to the interface. Read on to the Scripting page if you want to know more about Python scripting.

Creating macros without recording

How to install macros You can also directly copy/paste python code into a macro, without recording GUI action. Simply create a new macro, edit it, and paste your code. You can then save your macro the same way as you save a FreeCAD document. Next time you start FreeCAD, the macro will appear under the "Installed Macros" item of the Macro menu.

Macros repository

Visit the Macros recipes page to pick some useful macros to add to your FreeCAD installation.

Links

Installing more workbenches.

Tutorials

How to install additional workbenches.

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Introduction to Python