Arch Workbench/ru

Введение
Архитектурный верстак обеспечивает современный процесс информационного моделирования здания (Building Information Modeling, BIM) внутри FreeCAD, c поддержкой таких функций как полностью параметрические архитектурные элементы вроде стен, балок, крыш, окон, лестниц, труб и фурнитуры. Он поддерживает Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) данные, и создание двумерных планов строений совместно с верстаком TechDraw.

Верстак Arch импортирует все инструменты из верстака Draft, используя двумерные объекты для построения архитектурных объектов. В то же время Arch так же использует твердотельные объекты, созданные в других верстаках вроде Part и PartDesign.

Функциональность BIM во FreeCAD сейчас постепенно разделяется на описываемый верстак Arch, который содержит все архитектурные инструменты, и верстак BIM, который можно установить через Addon Manager. Этот верстак добавит новые инструменты в интерфейсе программы поверх инструментов Архитектурного Модуля, с тем чтобы сделать рабочий процесс BIM в FreeCAD более интуитивно понятным и удобным для пользователя.

The developers of Draft, Arch, and BIM also collaborate with the greater OSArch community, with the ultimate goal of improving building design by using entirely free software.



Инструменты
Эти инструменты используются для создания архитектурных объектов.


 * [[Image:Arch_Wall.svg|32px]] Wall: Creates a wall from scratch or using a selected object as a base.


 * [[Image:Arch_Structure.svg|32px]] Structure: Creates a structural element from scratch or using a selected object as a base.


 * [[Image:Arch_CompRebarStraight.png|48px]] Rebar tools: These tools are only available if the Reinforcement Workbench has been installed.


 * [[Image:Arch_Rebar_Straight.svg|32px]] Straight Rebar: Creates a straight reinforcement bar in a selected structural element.


 * [[Image:Arch_Rebar_UShape.svg|32px]] U-Shape Rebar: Creates a U-shape reinforcement bar in a selected structural element.


 * [[Image:Arch_Rebar_LShape.svg|32px]] L-Shape Rebar: Creates an L-shape reinforcement bar in a selected structural element.


 * [[Image:Arch_Rebar_Stirrup.svg|32px]] Stirrup: Creates a stirrup reinforcement bar in a selected structural element.


 * [[Image:Arch_Rebar_BentShape.svg|32px]] Bent-Shape Rebar: Creates a bent-shape reinforcement bar in a selected structural element.


 * [[Image:Arch_Rebar_Helical.svg|32px]] Helical Rebar: Creates a helical reinforcement bar in a selected structural element.


 * [[Image:Arch_Rebar_ColumnReinforcement.svg|32px]] Column Reinforcement: Creates reinforcement bars in a selected rectangular column.


 * [[Image:Arch_Rebar_BeamReinforcement.svg|32px]] Beam Reinforcement: Creates reinforcement bars in a selected beam.


 * [[Image:Arch_Rebar_Slab_Reinforcement.svg|32px]] Slab Reinforcement: Creates reinforcement bars in a selected slab.


 * [[Image:Arch_Rebar_Footing_Reinforcement.svg|32px]] Footing Reinforcement: Creates reinforcement bars inside a selected footing.


 * [[Image:Arch_Rebar.svg|32px]] Custom Rebar: Creates a custom reinforcement bar in a selected structural element using a sketch.


 * [[Image:Arch_CurtainWall.svg|32px]] Curtain Wall: Creates a curtain wall from scratch or using a selected object as a base.


 * [[Image:Arch_BuildingPart.svg|32px]] Building Part: Creates a building part including selected objects.


 * [[Image:Arch_Project.svg|32px]] Project: Creates a project including selected objects.


 * [[Image:Arch_Site.svg|32px]] Site: Creates a site including selected objects.


 * [[Image:Arch_Building.svg|32px]] Building: Creates a building including selected objects.


 * [[Image:Arch_Floor.svg|32px]] Level: Creates a floor including selected objects.


 * [[Image:Arch_Reference.svg|32px]] External reference: Links objects from another FreeCAD file into the current document.


 * [[Image:Arch_Window.svg|32px]] Window: Creates a window from scratch or using a selected object as a base.


 * [[Image:Arch_Roof.svg|32px]] Roof: Creates a sloped roof from a selected wire.


 * [[Image:Arch_CompAxis.png|48px]] Axis tools


 * [[Image:Arch_Axis.svg|32px]] Axis: Adds a 1-direction array of axes.


 * [[Image:Arch_AxisSystem.svg|32px]] Axis System: Adds an axis system composed of several axes.


 * [[Image:Arch_Grid.svg|32px]] Grid: Adds a grid-like object.


 * [[Image:Arch_SectionPlane.svg|32px]] Section Plane: Adds a section plane object.


 * [[Image:Arch_Space.svg|32px]] Space: Creates a space object.


 * [[Image:Arch_Stairs.svg|32px]] Stairs: Creates a stairs object.


 * [[Image:Arch_CompPanel.png|48px]] Panel tools


 * [[Image:Arch_Panel.svg|32px]] Panel: Creates a panel object from a selected 2D object.


 * [[Image:Arch_Panel_Cut.svg|32px]] Panel Cut: Creates a 2D cut view from a panel.


 * [[Image:Arch_Panel_Sheet.svg|32px]] Panel Sheet: Creates a 2D cut sheet including panel cuts or other 2D objects.


 * [[Image:Arch_Nest.svg|32px]] Nest: Allows to nest several flat objects inside a container shape.


 * [[Image:Arch_Equipment.svg|32px]] Equipment: Creates an equipment or furniture object.


 * [[Image:Arch_Frame.svg|32px]] Frame: Creates a frame object from a selected layout.


 * [[Image:Arch_Fence.svg|32px]] Fence: Creates a fence object from a selected post and path.


 * [[Image:Arch_Truss.svg|32px]] Truss: Creates a truss from a selected line or from scratch.


 * [[Image:Arch_Profile.svg|32px]] Profile: Creates a parametric 2D profile.


 * [[Image:Arch_CompSetMaterial.png|48px]] Material tools


 * [[Image:Arch_SetMaterial.svg|32px]] Material: Creates a material and attributes it to selected objects, if any.


 * [[Image:Arch_MultiMaterial.svg|32px]] Multi-Material: Creates a multi-material and attributes it to selected objects, if any.


 * [[Image:Arch_Schedule.svg|32px]] Schedule: Creates different types of schedules.


 * [[Image:Arch_CompPipe.png|48px]] Pipe tools


 * [[Image:Arch_Pipe.svg|32px]] Pipe: Creates a pipe.


 * [[Image:Arch_PipeConnector.svg|32px]] Connector: Creates a corner or T-connection between 2 or 3 selected pipes.

Инструменты изменения
Эти инструменты предназначены для изменения архитектурных объектов.


 * [[Image:Arch_CutPlane.svg|32px]] Cut with plane: Cuts an object according to a plane.


 * [[Image:Arch_CutLine.svg|32px]] Cut with line: Cuts an object according to a line.


 * [[Image:Arch_Add.svg|32px]] Add component: Adds objects to a component.


 * [[Image:Arch_Remove.svg|32px]] Remove component: Subtracts or removes objects from a component.


 * [[Image:Arch_Survey.svg|32px]] Survey: Enters or leaves surveying mode.

Утилиты
Это дополнительные инструменты, которые помогут вам в решении конкретных задач.


 * [[Image:Arch_Component.svg|32px]] Component: Creates a non-parametric Arch component.


 * [[Image:Arch_CloneComponent.svg|32px]] Clone component: Produces Arch Components that are clones of selected Arch objects (not to be confused with Draft Clone).


 * [[Image:Arch_SplitMesh.svg|32px]] Split Mesh: Splits a selected mesh into separate components.


 * [[Image:Arch_MeshToShape.svg|32px]] Mesh to Shape: Converts a mesh into a shape, unifying coplanar faces.


 * [[Image:Arch_SelectNonSolidMeshes.svg|32px]] Select non-manifold meshes: Selects all non-manifold meshes from the current selection or from the document.


 * [[Image:Arch_RemoveShape.svg|32px]] Remove Shape from Arch: Turns cubic shape-based arch object fully parametric.


 * [[Image:Arch_CloseHoles.svg|32px]] Close holes: Closes holes in a selected shape-based object.


 * [[Image:Arch_MergeWalls.svg|32px]] Merge Walls: Merge two or more walls.


 * [[Image:Arch_Check.svg|32px]] Check: Check if the selected objects are solids and don't contain defects.


 * [[Image:Arch_ToggleIfcBrepFlag.svg|32px]] Toggle IFC Brep flag: Forces a selected object to be exported as an IfcFacetedBrep.


 * [[Image:Arch_3Views.svg|32px]] 3 Views from mesh: Creates top, front and side views from a mesh.


 * [[Image:Arch_IfcSpreadsheet.svg|32px]] Create IFC spreadsheet...: Creates a spreadsheet to store IFC properties of an object.


 * [[Image:Arch_ToggleSubs.svg|32px]] Toggle subcomponents: Shows or hides the subcomponents of an Arch object.

Настройки

 * [[Image:Std_DlgParameter.png|32px]] Настройки: предпочтения для стен, структур, арматуры, окон, лестниц, панелей, труб, сеток и осей.

Форматы файлов

 * IFC : Классы строительной индустрии
 * DAE : Формат сеток Collada
 * OBJ : Формат сеток Obj (только экспорт)
 * JSON : Формат JavaScript Object Notation (только экспорт)
 * 3DS : Формат 3DS (только импорт)
 * SHP: GIS Shapefiles (только импорт)

Программный интерфейс
В архитектурном модуле можно использовать скрипты Python и макросы, используя функции Arch Python API.

Учебники

 * Архитектурный рабочий процесс: Пример начального использования FreeCAD в архитектурном процессе.
 * Учебник по архитектурному модулю (v. 0.14)
 * Быстрый архитектурный обзор в блоге Yorik'а (v. 0.13)
 * Видеопрезентация верстака Arch (2016)
 * Учебник по архитектурным панелям (v. 0.15)
 * Глава моделирования BIM из руководства FreeCAD
 * Импорт из STL или OBJ
 * Экспорт в STL или OBJ