Aeroplane/de

Erste Schritte
Wir arbeiten in diesem Tutorial mit dem Arbeitsbereich Part - wählen Sie es im Menü unter Ansicht > Arbeitsbereich > Part aus.


 * Erstellen Sie ein neues Dokument.
 * Wechsel Sie in die axonometrische Ansicht (0-Taste auf Nummernpad).
 * Schalten Sie das Achsenkreuz ein (Menü: Ansicht > Achsenkreuz ein/ausblenden).
 * Stellen Sie sicher, dass auf der linken Seite die Combo-Ansicht zu sehen ist.


 * Erstellen Sie einen Zylinder, indem Sie auf die Schaltfläche Zylinder [[Image:Part_Cylinder.png|24px]] klicken.
 * Wählen Sie den Zylinder durch einen Klick darauf aus.
 * Öffnen Sie unten in der Combo-Ansicht den Tab "Daten"

Ändern Sie die Höhe in 20 mm und den Radius in 2 mm.

Klicken Sie auf Placement, damit eine Schaltfläche mit drei Punkten erscheint. Diese Schaltfläche muss nun angeklickt werden, um eine neue Ansicht im Tab "Aufgaben" zu öffnen. (Alternativ über das Menü Bearbeiten > Placement).



Wenn Sie bisher noch nicht mit den drei Achsen XYZ vertraut sind, dann können Sie nun mit den angezeigten Zahlen in der Box "Verschiebung" spielen, um dies nachzuholen. Anschließend sollte alles wieder mit der Schaltfläche "Zurücksetzen" rückgängig gemacht werden.

Weitere Schritte


Wir werden den Zylinder nun so drehen, dass seine Symmetrieachse in Richtung der X-Achse zeigt. Um dies zu erreichen, müssen wir ihn um die Y-Achse drehen. In der Box "Drehung" sollte dafür die Option Rotationsachse mit Winkel ausgewählt sein. Bei der darunter wählbaren Achse muss die Y-Achse ausgewählt werden und der Winkel muss bis auf 90° erhöht werden.

Bei Bedarf kann nun die Ansicht gedreht und verschoben werden, um die Naht des Zylinders sichtbar zu machen.



We are now going to add and modify a box so click on the Box button. Select it by clicking on Box in the Project viewer. Change the Height to 1mm, the Length to 5mm and the Width to 20mm.

Click on Placement and the three dots to get the Tasks viewer. Using the Translation box enter Y: -10 and Z: -1. Click on OK

We are now going to merge these two shapes together with a Boolean Operation. Click on the Booleans button and the Tasks viewer will display the Boolean Operation selector.

Make sure Union is selected, and that the Cylinder and the Box are each ticked once in the two shape lists. Click on Apply. Click on Close. You now have a single object called Fusion.



Let's add one more box to finish off our model. Create a Box, Select it and change its Height to 5mm, Length to 3mm and Width to 1mm. Change its Placement by Y: -0.5.

We now need to join our Fusion to Box001 so we'll do it the quick way. Click on Fusion in the Project viewer and CTRL-click on Box001. This selects both parts together. Now click on the Fuse button to get Fusion001.

You should now have a simple aeroplane model. Right-click on Fusion001 and Rename it 'Aeroplane'.



I think the wings need to be moved forward a bit but if I select Aeroplane and try changing its Placement X Translation the whole thing moves. I only want to move the wings so cancel the Placement.

Expand Aeroplane (click on the [+] beside it) and expand Fusion.

Click on Box and get its Placement into Tasks. Notice it already has Y: -10 and Z: -1 in the Translation. Change the X translation to 3 and click on Apply. That's better. Click OK.



Rotations
Click on Aeroplane and get its Placement into Tasks (Other explanation on Placement). In the Rotation section change where it says 'Rotation axis with angle' to 'Euler angles' because they're a lot easier to work with.

Yaw is the rotation about the Z axis, that is to say a rotation from left to right. (The yaw angle is the Psi ψ).

Pitch is rotation about the Y axis, that is to say nose-up and nose-down.

Roll is rotation about the X axis, that is to say wing up and down.

However, even here there are some important things to remember:


 * Positive Rotations are clockwise when viewed from the Origin outwards along a positive axis. Or to put it another way: Positive Rotations are anticlockwise when viewed from a positive axis towards the Origin.


 * Although the three labels are Yaw, Pitch and Roll that's not really what they are. Yaw, Pitch and Roll are references to the body coordinates of an object in 3D space. The labels should be Heading, Elevation and Bank or even Azimuth, Inclination and Bank because thay actually refer to the space coordinates of the 3D system. These are the Tait-Bryan angles. If you want more information then try Euler Angles.


 * With the Aeroplane in its present position simple rules apply. Yaw is rotation around the Z axis, ie left and right. Pitch is rotation around the Y axis, ie nose up and down. Roll is rotation around the X axis, ie wings up and down. That's fine to start with but it's not going to be true later!

Have a play with the three YPR numbers. You only need to change things by a few degrees to get the idea. Reset when you finished.

Now we're going to see why the Yaw-Pitch-Roll labels are not really suitable. Change the Roll number to 90°. Yaw should move the nose of the aeroplane up and down and Pitch should move it side to side as viewed from outside the aeroplane which is where we are. Do they? No they don't! Pitch changes the yaw and Yaw changes the pitch. OK, Reset.

So, a better way of thinking about rotations is that Yaw changes your Longitude, Pitch changes your Latitude and Roll changes the direction (NSEW) that you're facing. Or you could check out Axes conventions for other descriptions.

Right, back to work. Change Yaw to 45° and Pitch to -30°. Click on OK to show that the operation has been completed. Now get back the Placement Task and look at the Rotation box. It has reverted to 'Rotation axis with angle' and has some wierd numbers Axis and Angle boxes. Mine had Axis: (0.219493,-0.529904,0.819161) and Angle: 53.65°. The three numbers in brackets are the XYZ components of a unit vector in the 3D space. It is the axis about which our original Aeroplane was rotated to get our final Aeroplane. The angle is how much it was rotated. Clever, huh, but not very friendly! It was Euler who showed that you could combine a series of XYZ rotations into one rotation about one axis.

Here's some more suggestions for playing with the Aeroplane:


 * Change the Z Location (and Apply) then change the YPR numbers and see what the effect is. Then try changing the X and Y Locations and rotating.
 * Change the X Centre (and Apply) then change the YPR numbers and see what the effect is. Then try changing the Y and Z Centres and rotating.

I hope this little tutorial has helped you to get a feel for rotations.