Tutorial KinematicAssembly/de

Einleitung
In dieser Anleitung geht es darum einen einfachen Mechanismus aufzubauen, hauptsächlich mit den Werkzeugen des externen Arbeitsbereichs Assembly3.

Der kinematische Zusammenbau (die Kinematik), die erstellt wird, besteht aus vier Bauteilen: Eine Basis, ein Schieber, eine Kurbel und ein Pleuel (Verbindungsstange). Sie sind mit vier Gelenken verbunden.



Bauteile
Die Basis ist ein Objekt mit zwei Hauptgeometrien, ein Loch und ein Zapfen. Beide sind zylindrisch. Der Rest der Form ist nicht von Bedeutung für diese Anleitung, solange er keine Kollision verursacht. Gleiches gilt auch für die anderen Bauteile.



Der Schieber bestecht aus einem Schaft mit einem Zapfen an einem Ende. Beide sind zylindrisch.



Die Kurbel hat ein Loch und einen Zapfen. Wieder sind beide zylindrisch.



Das Pleuel besitzt zwei zylindrische Löcher.



Festgesetzte Basis
Damit der Zusammenbau an der gewünschten Position bleibt, sollte die Basis festgesetzt werden.
 * (Wenn der Befehl [[Image:Assembly_LockMover.svg|16px]] Lock mover aktiviert ist, sind die Werkzeuge zum Bewegen deaktiviert, so lange ein festgesetztes Bauteil ausgewählt ist.)


 * 1) Eine Fläche der Basis auswählen.
 * 2) Die Schaltfläche  drücken, um die Basis auf Dauer an ihrem Platz zu halten.



Dann werden alle vier Bauteile mit vier Gelenken verbunden. Die kinematische Kette beginnt an der Basis.

Basis-Schieber-Gelenk
The Base-to-Slider joint is a cylindrical joint. It enables the Slider to slide along and spin around the Base hole's Z axis while keeping both elements' Z axes aligned (colinear).

The matching constraint is the "AxialAlignment" constraint. It works with elements that represent cylindrical geometry such as cylindrical faces, circular faces and circular edges.
 * 1) Select the cylindrical faces of the Base hole and the Slider shaft.
 * 2) Press the button.
 * 3) Optionally relabel the created elements (edit their  property).



Base-to-Crank joint
The Base-to-Crank joint is a hinge joint. It enables the Crank to spin around the Base pin's Z axis while keeping both elements' Z axes aligned (colinear) and the offset between their XY planes constant.

The matching constraint is the "PlaneCoincident" constraint. It works with elements that represent planar geometry such as circular faces and circular edges (in this case).
 * 1) Select the circular face or the outer circular edge of the Base pin, and the outer circular edge of the Crank hole.
 * 2) Press the button.
 * 3) Optionally relabel the created elements.



Slider-to-Rod joint
The Slider-to-Rod joint is a hinge joint. It enables the Rod to spin around the Slider pin's Z axis while keeping both elements' Z axes aligned (colinear) and the offset between their XY planes constant.

The matching constraint is the "PlaneCoincident" constraint (see above).
 * 1) Select the circular face or the outer circular edge of the Slider pin, and the outer circular edge of the Rod hole.
 * 2) Press the button.
 * 3) Optionally relabel the created elements.



Crank-to-Rod joint
The Crank-to-Rod joint is a cylindrical joint. It enables the Rod to spin around and slide along the Crank pin's Z axis while keeping both elements' Z axes aligned (colinear). But only spinning will be possible as the sliding movement is restricted through the combination of the Base-to-Crank joint and the Slider-to-Rod joint.

The matching constraint is the "AxialAlignment" constraint (see above).
 * 1) Select the cylindrical faces of the Crank pin and the Rod hole.
 * 2) Press the button.
 * 3) Optionally relabel the created elements.



Redundant Constraints
When the Base is fixed and all four joints are constrained two messages appear in the Report view:
 * A warning (orange): "...redundant constraints".
 * A simple message (black): "...dof remaining: 0".

This combination of messages occurs when parts of an assembly are over-constrained but the solver is still able to find a valid solution. But what causes the redundacy?

It is the Z direction of the pins. If we take a look at the Slider pin for example we will notice that the Z axis of its element object is constrained parallel to the Base pin's Z axis through the assembly chain Base-Crank-Rod-Slider. This means that the Slider pin is prevented from rotating around its X and Y axes.



On the other hand the rotation around the X axis (red) is already prevented by the Base-to-Crank joint; and so the corresponding degree of freedom (dof) is constrained twice (= redundant) and causes the warning.
 * To avoid this redundancy an auxilliary object and corresponding constraints could be inserted, but that is for some other tutorial.
 * To avoid double constraining the offset between base and Rod, different constraints were used, with only one of them fixing the motion along the Z axis.

Actuator
Now it is still a static assembly. To turn it into a kinematic assembly one constraint has to be used as an actuator. To use the "PlaneCoincident" constraint of the Base-to-Crank joint as an actuator, we need to control the angle between Base pin and Crank. This can be done by setting the property to. And for later use the label is marked with the suffix .Driver.

The property can now be used to spin the Crank.



Controller
To have a dialog window to change property values without typing and with automatic recomputation would be nice.

Have a look at the Kinematic Controller tutorial.