SheetMetal Workbench

Overview
Sheet Metal is an external workbench evolved to design and unfold sheet metal parts. Therefore, it is not part of the standard FreeCAD install.



If the export in DXF is used to control machines (Lasercut for example), you have to modify the DXF to remove the lines showing the folds, as these lines may be used for cutting by the machine.

Installation
This workbench can be installed from the Addon Manager. For manual installation see Installing more workbenches.

Tools
A detailed description of the tools can be found on the author's blog.


 * [[Image:SheetMetal_AddBase.svg|32px]] Base Bend: creates a sheetmetal wall from a sketch. Properties can be edited in the Data tab:
 * : Bend Side. Outside, Inside, Middle
 * : Mid Plane. Boolean
 * : Revers. Boolean
 * : Length. Length of solid
 * : Radius of bend.
 * : Material thickness.


 * [[Image:SheetMetal_Bend.svg|32px]] Bend: extends a wall from a side face of the metal sheet. Properties can be edited in the Data tab:
 * : Bend angle.
 * : Extends the wall on the left side.
 * : Extends the wall on the right side.
 * : Gap from the left side.
 * : Gap from the right side.
 * : Invert bend direction.
 * : Length of the wall.
 * : Bend miter angle on the left side.
 * : Bend miter angle on the right side.
 * : Bend radius.
 * : Rectangle or Round. Enabled only when a gap value is set.
 * : Relief depth. Enabled only when a gap value is set.
 * : Relief width. Enabled only when a gap value is set.
 * : K factor (also known as neutral factor) for the bend. Used to calculate bend allowance when unfolding.
 * : False (default) or True. If true, unfolds the bend.


 * [[Image:SheetMetal_Extrude.svg|32px]] Extrude: extends a face along normal. Properties can be edited in the Data tab:
 * : Gap from the left side.
 * : Gap from the right side.
 * : Length of the wall.


 * [[Image:SheetMetal_AddFoldWall.svg|32px]] Fold a wall of sheetmetal: Folds a face at the chosen line with specified bend radius. Properties can be edited in the Data tab:
 * : Bend radius. Default: 1.0
 * : Bend Angle. Default: 90.0
 * : Base Object. Default: none
 * : BendLine. Default: none
 * : Invert Solid Bend Direction. Default: False
 * : Neutral Axis Position. Default: 0.50
 * : Invert Bend Direction. Default: False
 * : Unfold Bend. Default: False
 * : Bend Line Position. Possible values: forward, middle, backward Default: forward


 * [[Image:SheetMetal_Unfold.svg|32px]] Unfold: flattens folded sheet metal object and generates a solid and a sketch. The Unfold objects are not parametrically linked to the model; if edits are made to the model, the Unfold operation needs to be redone.


 * [[Image:SheetMetal_AddCornerRelief.svg|32px]] Add corner relief: Adds corner relief to corner. Properties can be edited in the Data tab:


 * [[Image:SheetMetal_AddRelief.svg|32px]] Modify solid corner to add relief: Adds relief to a corner. Properties can be edited in the Data tab:


 * [[Image:SheetMetal_Junction.svg|32px]] Create rip where two walls come together : Creates gap in the corner of two walls. Properties can be edited in the Data tab:


 * [[Image:SheetMetal_AddBend.svg|32px]] Add bend: Folds a face at the chosen line. Properties can be edited in the Data tab:


 * [[Image:SheetMetal_SketchOnSheet.svg|32px]] Extrude cut from sketch: Cuts hole in sheetmetal based on a sketch. Properties can be edited in the Data tab:


 * [[Image:SheetMetal_Forming.svg|32px]] Make forming tool used in sheetmetal: Creates forming tool.

Bend
To add a Bend:
 * 1) Start with a base plate or sheet, select a thin face representing the thickness of the metal sheet
 * 2) Click on the [[Image:SheetMetal_Bend.svg|24px]] Bend tool to add a bend

Extend
To Extend the face:
 * 1) Start with a base plate or sheet, select a thin face representing the thickness of the metal sheet
 * 2) Click on the [[Image:SheetMetal_Extrude.svg|24px]] Extrude tool to extend the face.


 * The workbench does not have a tool to create a base plate, so you need to start your model with one of the following methods:
 * Method 1: Part_Box.svg Part Cube
 * Method 2: An extruded solid made with Part_Extrude.svg Part Extrude from either a:
 * Draft_Rectangle.svg Draft Rectangle or a
 * Draft_Wire.svg Draft Wire or a
 * Sketcher_NewSketch.svg Sketch
 * Method 3: PartDesign_Body.svg PartDesign Body containing either an
 * PartDesign_AdditiveBox.svg additive box or a
 * PartDesign_Pad.svg PartDesign Pad made from a Sketcher_NewSketch.svg Sketch.


 * If you start with a PartDesign_Body.svg PartDesign Body, you can mix Sheet Metal features with PartDesign features such as PartDesign_Pocket.svg pockets or PartDesign_Hole.svg holes.


 * In an extension operation, set.

Unfold
To unfold a sheet metal part:
 * 1) Select a planar face
 * 2) Click on the [[Image:SheetMetal_Unfold.svg|24px]] Unfold icon.

Create a basic profile
Omega-shaped tool: make a part from a simple multiline created in sketcher or draft, give it height and thickness centered, left or right of this line, be careful not to create selfintersection in closed folds of lesser space as the material thickness.

Fold along a line
Fold a "flat" base plate along a line (rectangle crossed out by a line): select the face, then the line and the tool, choose the angle, the radius, the side, the position of the fold relative to the line is not very well defined; it seems that the line is the intersection edge at the extension of the 2 faces.

Limitations

 * The workbench is affected by the topological naming issue that is inherent to FreeCAD. If an edit of a bend earlier in the history of the part renumbers the faces, then the following bends may be affected and switch faces. If the bend features do not break, you can double-click on it to get a dialog where you can select the proper face in the 3D view, and update the Bend.
 * The Unfold tool has some limitations, and will fail in certain complex situations. When it fails, try to select a different face.
 * Frequent case of crash: take a lot of precautions not to cut in the hinges (the folds) either along the faces or in the angles nor to make holes or notches through the angles.

Sheet Metal Tutorial by meme2704
The following tutorial is reproduced from the PDF tutorial mentioned in Links.

Presentation of the workbench
After downloading the extension and install, open it.



1st operation

 * Get the base: use either the workbenches "part" or "draft", make 1 sketch that will contain all holes and any cuts, extrude this base to the thickness of the sheet.
 * Bear in mind that the edges will always be in addition as well as the folding radii.



2nd operation

 * Open the Sheet_metal workbench.
 * Select 1 thickness of the edge (edge) of the base plate and click on the "bend" tool 90° default bend angle can be changed from 0 to 90°.
 * Edge height is 10mm by default, editable from 0.1 to xxxmm.
 * Bending radius is by default equal to thickness, editable from 0.1 to xxmm (never put 0).
 * Gap1, gap2 is the withdrawal of the folded edge from the corner of the base (0 accept).
 * Invert default: false folds to Z +, true to ZReliefd cuts the corner between the fold and the base (inactive if gap = 0).
 * Reliefw adds 1 slot between the crop and the edge (inactive if reliefd = 0).



Repeat as many times as there are sides to bend.

Folding 1 return with use of "extend".



To add 1 back repeat the same operation by selecting the thickness of the concerned edge.

To reduce the space between the 2 edges, use "extends".

Select the thickness and specify the length to add.

Note that if the extension of the 1st edge is made before the fold of the return, it will not be taken into account, if 1 identical fold is added to the extension, it will appear correct but the unfolding will not be done.

Folding of 1 2nd edge:

Now we must separate the 2 edges otherwise they will merge and unfolding will be impossible.


 * 1st method: make 1 withdrawal of 1 edge.
 * Give 1 value slightly greater than gap1 (or gap2), at zero there is still fusion.
 * 2nd method make 1 cut at 45 ° see further, use this tool.



Unfolding
Choose 1 reference face (here the orange face) and click on the button in the toolbar.

We obtain the blue part of which it is enough to modify the values X, Y, or Z to see it in totality.



Cut the flaps at 45°
After folding the flaps without having made a withdrawal, the shape thus appears.



To do it must split at 45 ° (or following the bisector flaps are unequal width).


 * Create 1 new skit related to the common part of the 2 flaps.
 * Create 1 linked stop by selecting the outer edge of the "hinge".
 * Draw 1 triangle whose top is constrained at the end, oriented 1 side at 45 °, give the small side 1 minimum width (0.1mm is enough), and make 1 pocket.

Be careful not to scratch the "hinge" where the nakedness of bound the tip of the triangle at the edge of the fold line.



Unfolding



Piercing edges and flaps
Make these holes and cuts after folding and before unfolding.

Always take care not to "scratch" the fold lines.



Make wired flaps
Make 1 fold on the edge of the side, at 45 ° of 0.1mm long, then 1 other reverse at 45 ° of the length of the contiguous flap, then extend the opposite side, it will pass over and they will not be merged.



Special case of this same pierced edge
In this particular case, unfolding only works by choosing the yellow face as a reference.



Special case hole straddling the folds
Previously it is said several times that it is not necessary to cut the folding lines.

How to do ?




 * Make the base with its half-round hole and make the 2 half-sided and the 2 half-folds separately.
 * Then make 1 extension on 1 of the sides of the width of the opening minus 0.1mm, the 2 edges thus remain separated.
 * Then on this extension (in green) draw the contour of the cut and make 1 pocket
 * The result is the red piece above, and the unfolding works, stays the line that separated the 2 edges previously



Videos

 * The Elegant Sheet Metal Workbench by Joko Engineering

Links

 * Macro Sheet Metal Unfolder, the original macro the Unfold tool is based on.
 * Sheet Metal Workbench announcement on the FreeCAD Forum
 * An English and French tutorial in PDF format on the FreeCAD forum
 * Files:
 * Reporting bugs/Request feartures: https://github.com/shaise/FreeCAD_SheetMetal/issues

External workbenches
FreeCAD workbenches are easy to program in Python, there are therefore many people developing additional workbenches outside of the FreeCAD main developers.

The external workbenches page has some information and tutorials on some of them, and the FreeCAD Addons project aims at gathering them and making them easily installable from within FreeCAD.

New workbenches are in development, stay tuned!