Arch Workbench/zh-cn

简介
建筑工作台为FreeCAD提供了一种现代化的建筑信息模型（building information modelling） (BIM)工作流程，它支持的特性有完全参数化的建筑实体，如墙、结构构件、屋顶、窗口、台阶、管道与家具. 建筑工作台还支持建筑业国际工业标准（industry foundation classes） (IFC) 数据，以及联合TechDraw工作台制作2D平面布置图.

由于建筑工作台要利用2D对象来构建其建筑对象，因此，它导入了底图工作台（Draft Workbench）中的所有工具. 除此以外，建筑工作台亦可使用如零件工具台（Part）与零件设计工作台（PartDesign）所创建的对象.

FreeCAD中的BIM功能正逐步拆分至此建筑工作台中，它持有基本的建筑体工具与BIM Workbench，后者可以利用Addon Manager进行安装. 本工作台在建筑工具（Arch tools）之上添加了一个新的接口层，目标是令FreeCAD中的BIM工作流程更为直观且更易于使用.

The developers of Draft, Arch, and BIM also collaborate with the greater OSArch community, with the ultimate goal of improving building design by using entirely free software.



工具
以下这些工具用于创建建筑对象.


 * [[Image:Arch_Wall.png|32px]] 墙体（Wall）: 从零开始或以选中的对象为基础来创建一堵墙
 * [[Image:Arch_Structure.png|32px]] 结构构件（Structural element）: 从头开始或以选中的对象为基础来创建一个结构构件


 * Arch CompRebarStraight.png Rebar tools: the Reinforcement Addon augments the Arch Workbench Structures.
 * [[Image:Arch_Rebar_Straight.png|32px]] Straight Rebar: creates a Straight reinforcement bar in a selected structural element.
 * [[Image:Arch_Rebar_UShape.png|32px]] UShape Rebar: creates a UShape reinforcement bar in a selected structural element.
 * [[Image:Arch_Rebar_LShape.png|32px]] LShape Rebar: creates a LShape reinforcement bar in a selected structural element.
 * [[Image:Arch_Rebar_BentShape.png|32px]] Bent Shape Rebar: creates a Bent Shape reinforcement bar in a selected structural element.
 * [[Image:Arch_Rebar_Stirrup.png|32px]] Stirrup Rebar: creates a Stirrup reinforcement bar in a selected structural element.
 * [[Image:Arch_Rebar_Helical.png|32px]] Helical Rebar: creates a Helical reinforcement bar in a selected structural element.
 * [[Image:Arch_Rebar_ColumnReinforcement.png|32px]] ColumnReinforcement: creates a reinforcing bars inside a Column Arch Structure object.
 * [[Image:Arch_Rebar_ColumnReinforcement.png|32px]] ColumnReinforcement TwoTiesSixRebars: creates a reinforcing bars inside a Column Arch Structure object.
 * [[Image:Arch_Rebar_BeamReinforcement.png|32px]] BeamReinforcement: creates reinforcing bars inside a Beam Arch Structure object.
 * [[Image:Arch_Rebar.svg|32px]] Rebar: creates a custom reinforcement bar in a selected structural element using a sketch.


 * [[Image:Arch_Floor.svg|32px]] Floor: Creates a floor including selected objects
 * [[Image:Arch_BuildingPart.png|32px]] Building Part: Creates a building part including selected objects
 * [[Image:Arch_Building.svg|32px]] Building: Creates a building including selected objects
 * [[Image:Arch_Site.svg|32px]] Site: Creates a site including selected objects
 * [[Image:Arch_Project.svg|32px]] Project: Creates a project including selected objects
 * [[Image:Arch_Reference.svg|32px]] Reference: Links objects from another FreeCAD file into this document
 * [[Image:Arch_Window.svg|32px]] Window: Creates a window using a selected object as a base
 * [[Image:Arch_SectionPlane.svg|32px]] Section Plane: Adds a section plane object to the document


 * Arch CompAxis.png Axis tools: The Axis tool allows you to places a series of axes in the current document.
 * [[Image:Arch_Axis.svg|32px]] Axis: Adds a 1-direction array of axes to the document
 * [[Image:Arch_Axis_System.svg|32px]] Axes System: Adds an axes system composed of several axes to the document
 * [[Image:Arch_Grid.svg|32px]] Grid: Adds a grid-like object to the document


 * [[Image:Arch_Roof.svg|32px]] Roof: Creates a sloped roof from a selected face
 * [[Image:Arch_Space.svg|32px]] Space: Creates a space object in the document
 * [[Image:Arch_Stairs.svg|32px]] Stairs: Creates a stairs object in the document


 * Arch CompPanel.png Panel tools: Allows you to build all kinds of panel-like elements.
 * [[Image:Arch_Panel.svg|32px]] Panel: Creates a panel object from a selected 2D object
 * [[Image:Arch_Panel_Cut.svg|32px]] Panel Cut: Creates a 2D cut view from a panel
 * [[Image:Arch_Panel_Sheet.svg|32px]] Panel Sheet: Creates a 2D cut sheet including panel cuts or other 2D objects
 * [[Image:Arch_Nest.svg|32px]] Nest: Allow to nest several flat objects inside a container shape


 * [[Image:Arch_Frame.svg|32px]] Frame: Creates a frame object from a selected layout
 * [[Image:Arch_Fence.svg|32px]] Fence: Creates a fence object from a selected post and path.
 * [[Image:Arch_Truss.svg|32px]] Truss: Creates a truss from a selected line of from scratch.
 * [[Image:Arch_Equipment.svg|32px]] Equipment: Creates an equipment or furniture object
 * [[Image:Arch_Profile.svg|32px]] Profile: Creates a parametric 2D profile.


 * Arch CompPipe.png Pipe tools
 * [[Image:Arch_Pipe.svg|32px]] Pipe: Creates a pipe
 * [[Image:Arch_PipeConnector.svg|32px]] Pipe Connector: Creates a corner or tee connection between 2 or 3 selected pipes


 * Arch CompSetMaterial.png Material tools: The Material tools allows to add materials to the active document.
 * [[Image:Arch_SetMaterial.svg|32px]] Material: Creates a material and attributes it to selected objects, if any
 * [[Image:Arch_MultiMaterial.svg|32px]] Multi-Material: Creates a multi-material and attributes it to selected objects, if any
 * [[Image:Arch_Schedule.svg|32px]] Schedule: Creates different types of schedules

修改工具
以下这些工具用于修改建筑对象.


 * [[Image:Arch_CutLine.svg|32px]] Cut with a line: Cut an object according to a line.
 * [[Image:Arch_CutPlane.svg|32px]] Cut with plane: Cut an object according to a plane.
 * [[Image:Arch_Add.svg|32px]] Add component: Adds objects to a component
 * [[Image:Arch_Remove.svg|32px]] Remove component: Subtracts or removes objects from a component
 * [[Image:Arch_Survey.svg|32px]] Survey: Enters or leaves surveying mode

实用工具
以下这些工具可助您实现一些特定任务.


 * [[Image:Arch_Component.svg|32px]] Component: Creates a non-parametric Arch component
 * [[Image:Arch_CloneComponent.svg|32px]] Clone component: Produces Arch Components that are clones of selected Arch objects (not to be confused with Draft Clone)
 * [[Image:Arch_SplitMesh.svg|32px]] Split Mesh: Splits a selected mesh into separate components
 * [[Image:Arch_MeshToShape.svg|32px]] Mesh To Shape: Converts a mesh into a shape, unifying coplanar faces
 * [[Image:Arch_SelectNonManifold.svg|32px]] Select non-solid meshes: Selects all non-solid meshes from the current selection or from the document
 * [[Image:Arch_RemoveShape.svg|32px]] Remove Shape: Turns cubic shape-based arch object fully parametric
 * [[Image:Arch_CloseHoles.svg|32px]] Close Holes: Closes holes in a selected shape-based object
 * [[Image:Arch_MergeWalls.svg|32px]] Merge Walls: Merge two or more walls
 * [[Image:Arch_Check.svg|32px]] Check: Check if the selected objects are solids and don't contain defects
 * [[Image:IFC.svg|32px]] Ifc Explorer: Browse the contents of an IFC file
 * [[Image:Arch_ToggleIfcBrepFlag.svg|32px]] Toggle IFC Brep flag: Forces a selected object to be exported as an IfcFacetedBrep.
 * [[Image:Arch_3Views.svg|32px]] 3 Views from mesh: Creates top, frontal and side views from a mesh.
 * [[Image:Arch_IfcSpreadsheet.svg|32px]] Create IFC spreadsheet...: Creates a spreadsheet to store IFC properties of an object
 * [[Image:Arch_ToggleSubs.svg|32px]] Toggle Subcomponents: Shows or hides the subcomponents of an Arch object.

首选项

 * [[Image:Preferences-arch.svg|32px]] 建筑工作台首选项（Preferences）: 针对墙体、构件、钢筋、窗口、台阶、面板、管道、网格与坐标轴默认外观的设置首选项.

文件格式

 * IFC : 建筑业国际工业标准（Industry foundation Classes）
 * DAE : Collada网格格式
 * OBJ : Obj网格格式 (仅限于导出)
 * JSON : JavaScript对象表示法格式 (仅限于导出)
 * 3DS : 3DS格式 (仅限于导入)

API
在Python脚本与宏（macros）中调用Arch Python API函数即可使用本建筑模块.

教程

 * Architecture workflow: An example of how FreeCAD can begin to have its preliminary place in an architecture workflow.
 * Arch tutorial (v0.14)
 * Quick arch overview on Yorik's blog (v0.13)
 * Video presentation of the Arch workbench (2016)
 * Arch panel tutorial (v0.15)
 * BIM modeling chapter from the FreeCAD manual
 * Import from STL or OBJ
 * Export to STL or OBJ