Part Module/zh-cn

简介
FreeCAD的实体建模能力都是基于 Open Cascade Technology (OCCT)内核——一种具有创建与处理高级3D几何体等特性的专业级CAD系统. 零件工作台（Part Workbench）是一种建立于OCCT库之上的层级，为用户提供了访问OCCT几何图元与函数的功能. 每种工作台(如底图工作台, 草图工作台, 零件设计工作台等等)的一切2D与3D绘制功能其实都是基于零件工作台暴露出的函数实现的. 因此，可以认为零件工作台是FreeCAD建模功能的核心组件.

A more detailed discussion of Part workbench versus Part Design workbench can be found here: Part and Part Design.

以零件工作台创建的对象相对简单；为了构建更为复杂的几何图形，可以为之运用布尔运算(并集与减运算). 此建模范式就是尽人皆知的构造实体几何 (CSG) 工作流程，它是早期CAD系统中所用的传统方法. 另一方面，零件设计工作台（PartDesign Workbench）还提供了更为现代的工作流程来构建几何图形：它利用参数化方式来定义草图，再将其挤压成型为基本的实体对象，最后通过参数化变换(特征编辑)来修改模型，直到用户获取预期的最终模型为止.

零件对象比网格工作台（Mesh Workbench）创建的网格对象更为复杂，因为用户可以对前者执行更为高级的操作，如连续的布尔运算、修改历史与参数化处理.



工具
这些工具皆位于菜单.

图元
以下这些工具用于创建图元对象.


 * [[Image:Part_Box.png|32px]] Box: 根据指定的规格绘制一个立方体
 * [[Image:Part_Cylinder.png|32px]] Cylinder: 根据指定的规格绘制一个圆柱体
 * [[Image:Part_Sphere.png|32px]] Sphere: 根据指定的规格绘制一个球体
 * [[Image:Part_Cone.png|32px]] Cone: 根据指定的规格绘制一个圆锥体
 * [[Image:Part_Torus.png|32px]] Torus: 根据指定的规格绘制一个环面（torus）（圆环 (ring)）
 * [[Image:Part_CreatePrimitives.png|32px]] CreatePrimitives: 一种用于创建各类参数化几何图元的工具
 * [[Image:Part_Shapebuilder.png|32px]] Shapebuilder: 一种利用各种参数化几何图元创建更加复杂几何图形的工具


 * [[Image:Part_Cylinder.svg|32px]] Cylinder: Creates a cylinder.


 * [[Image:Part_Sphere.svg|32px]] Sphere: Creates a sphere.


 * [[Image:Part_Cone.svg|32px]] Cone: Creates a cone.


 * [[Image:Part_Torus.svg|32px]] Torus: Creates a torus (ring).


 * Part_Tube.svg Tube: Creates a tube.


 * [[Image:Part_Primitives.svg|32px]] Primitives: A tool to create one of the following primitives:
 * [[Image:Part_Plane.svg|32px]] Plane: Creates a plane.
 * [[Image:Tree_Part_Box_Parametric.svg|32px]] Box: Creates a box. This object can also be created with the [[Image:Part_Box.svg|32px]] Box tool.
 * [[Image:Tree_Part_Cylinder_Parametric.svg|32px]] Cylinder: Creates a cylinder. This object can also be created with the [[Image:Part_Cylinder.svg|32px]] Cylinder tool.
 * [[Image:Tree_Part_Cone_Parametric.svg|32px]] Cone: Creates a cone. This object can also be created with the [[Image:Part_Cone.svg|32px]] Cone tool.
 * [[Image:Tree_Part_Sphere_Parametric.svg|32px]] Sphere: Creates a sphere. This object can also be created with the [[Image:Part_Sphere.svg|32px]] Sphere tool.
 * [[Image:Part_Ellipsoid.svg|32px]] Ellipsoid: Creates a ellipsoid.
 * [[Image:Tree_Part_Torus_Parametric.svg|32px]] Torus: Creates a torus. This object can also be created with the [[Image:Part_Torus.svg|32px]] Torus tool.
 * [[Image:Part_Prism.svg|32px]] Prism: Creates a prism.
 * [[Image:Part_Wedge.svg|32px]] Wedge: Creates a wedge.
 * [[Image:Part_Helix.svg|32px]] Helix: Creates a helix.
 * [[Image:Part_Spiral.svg|32px]] Spiral: Creates a spiral.
 * [[Image:Part_Circle.svg|32px]] Circle: Creates a circular edge.
 * [[Image:Part_Ellipse.svg|32px]] Ellipse: Creates an elliptical edge.
 * [[Image:Part_Point.svg|32px]] Point: Creates a point (vertex).
 * [[Image:Part_Line.svg|32px]] Line: Creates a line (edge).
 * [[Image:Part_RegularPolygon.svg|32px]] Regular Polygon: Creates a regular polygon.


 * [[Image:Part_Builder.svg|32px]] Builder: Creates shapes from various primitives.

修改对象
这些工具用于修改已存在的对象. 通过它们即可选取待修改的对象.


 * [[Image:Part_Extrude.png|32px]] Extrude: 将对象的平面端面挤压成型
 * [[Image:Part_Revolve.png|32px]] Revolve: 通过令一（非实体）对象绕某轴旋转来创建另一个实体对象
 * [[Image:Part_Mirror.png|32px]] Mirror: 根据指定的镜面对选中的对象进行镜像操作
 * [[Image:Part_Fillet.png|32px]] Fillet: 为对象的边倒(圆)角
 * [[Image:Part_Chamfer.png|32px]] Chamfer: 为对象的边倒角
 * [[Image:Part_RuledSurface.png|32px]] Ruled Surface:
 * [[Image:Part_Loft.png|32px]] Loft: 对轮廓进行放样操作（放样成另一种轮廓）
 * [[Image:Part_Sweep.png|32px]] Sweep: 沿路径对一个或多个轮廓进行扫描


 * [[Image:Part_Revolve.svg|32px]] Revolve: Creates a solid by revolving an object (not a solid) around an axis.


 * [[Image:Part_Mirror.svg|32px]] Mirror: Mirrors the selected object across a mirror plane.


 * [[Image:Part_Fillet.svg|32px]] Fillet: Fillets (rounds) edges of an object.


 * [[Image:Part_Chamfer.svg|32px]] Chamfer: Chamfers edges of an object.


 * Part_MakeFace.svg Make face from wires: Makes a face from a set of wires (contours).


 * [[Image:Part_RuledSurface.svg|32px]] Ruled Surface: Creates a ruled surface.


 * [[Image:Part_Loft.svg|32px]] Loft: Lofts from one profile to another.


 * [[Image:Part_Sweep.svg|32px]] Sweep: Sweeps one or more profiles along a path.


 * [[Image:Part_Section.svg|32px]] Section: Creates a section by intersecting an object with a section plane.


 * [[Image:Part_CrossSections.svg|32px]] Cross sections...: Creates one or more cross-sections through an object.


 * [[Image:Part_CompOffsetTools.png|48px]] Offset tools:
 * [[Image:Part_Offset.png|32px]] 3D Offset: 根据原始几何形状在特定的距离处构建一个平行的副本.
 * [[Image:Part_Offset2D.png|32px]] 2D Offset: 根据原始连线在特定的距离处创建一个平行的副本，或者缩放一个平面端面. (v0.17)


 * [[Image:Part_Thickness.png|32px]] Thickness: 镂空一个实体，在选中的面上留下开口.


 * [[Image:Part_ProjectionOnSurface.png|32px]] Projection on surface: 向表面上投影logo、文本或任意表面、连线、边. 可以为投影部分创建一个示例或连线. (v0.19)


 * [[Image:Part_EditAttachment.svg|32px]] Attachment: Attaches an object to another object.

Boolean
These tools perform boolean operations.


 * [[Image:Part_CompCompoundTools.png|48px]] Compound Tools:
 * [[Image:Part_Compound.svg|32px]] Make compound: Creates a compound from the selected objects.
 * [[Image:Part_ExplodeCompound.svg|32px]] Explode Compound: Splits up compounds.
 * [[Image:Part Compound‏‎Filter.svg|32px]] Compound Filter: Extracts the individual pieces from compounds.


 * [[Image:Part_Booleans.png|32px]] Booleans: 在对象上执行布尔运算
 * [[Image:Part_Union.png|32px]] Union: 将两个对象融为一体 (并集)
 * [[Image:Part_Common.png|32px]] Common: 提取出两个对象中的共有部分(交集)
 * [[Image:Part_Cut.png|32px]] Cut: 从一个对象中去掉另一个对象(差集)


 * [[Image:Part_Cut.svg|32px]] Cut: Cuts (subtracts) one object from another.


 * [[Image:Part_Fuse.svg|32px]] Fuse: Fuses (unions) two objects.


 * [[Image:Part_Common.svg|32px]] Common: Extracts the common (intersection) part of two objects.


 * [[Image:Part_CompJoinFeatures.png|48px]] Join features:
 * [[Image:Part_JoinConnect.svg|32px]] Connect: Connects interiors of walled objects.
 * [[Image:Part_JoinEmbed.svg|32px]] Embed: Embeds a walled object into another walled object.
 * [[Image:Part_JoinCutout.svg|32px]] Cutout: Creates a cutout in a wall of an object for another walled object.


 * [[Image:Part_CompSplittingTools.png|48px]] Splitting tools:
 * [[Image:Part_BooleanFragments.svg|32px]] Boolean fragments: Creates all pieces obtained from Boolean operations.
 * [[Image:Part SliceApart.svg|32px]] Slice a part: Slices and splits an object by intersecting it with other objects.
 * [[Image:Part_Slice.svg|32px]] Slice: Slices an object by intersecting it with other objects.
 * [[Image:Part_XOR.svg|32px]] XOR: Removes space shared by an even number of objects (symmetric version of Cut).

Measure
Measure: Tools for linear and angular measurements.


 * [[Image:Part_Measure_Linear.svg|32px]] Measure Linear: Creates a linear measurement.


 * [[Image:Part_Measure_Angular.svg|32px]] Measure Angular: Creates an angular measurement.


 * [[Image:Part_Measure_Refresh.svg|32px]] Measure Refresh: Updates all measurements.


 * [[Image:Part_Measure_Clear_All.svg|32px]] Clear All: Clears all measurements.


 * [[Image:Part_Measure_Toggle_All.svg|32px]] Toggle All: Shows or hides all measurements.


 * [[Image:Part_Measure_Toggle_3d.svg|32px]] Toggle 3D: Shows or hides 3D measurements.


 * [[Image:Part_Measure_Toggle_Delta.svg|32px]] Toggle Delta: Shows or hides delta measurements.

其他工具

 * [[Image:Part ImportCAD.png|32px]] Import CAD: 您可利用此工具为当前文档添加*.IGES、*.STEP、*.BREP文档.
 * [[Image:Part ExportCAD.png|32px]] Export CAD: 您可利用此工具将一个零件对象导出至一个*.IGES、*.STEP、*.BREP文件.
 * [[Image:Part ShapeFromMesh.png|32px]] Shape from Mesh: 根据一个网格对象创建一个几何形状对象.
 * Convert to solid: 将一个几何形状对象转换为一个实体对象.
 * Reverse shapes: 调转选中对象所有表面上的法线方向.
 * [[Image:Part CreateSimpleCopy‎.svg|32px]] Create simple copy: 为选中的对象创建一个简单的副本.
 * [[Image:Part RefineShape.png|32px]] Refine shape: 通过去除不必要的线条来清理表面.
 * [[Image:Part CheckGeometry.png|32px]] Check geometry: 检测选中对象的几何体是否存在错误.
 * Measure: 令用户可以实现点/边/面间的线性测量与角度测量.
 * [[Image:Part Attachment.svg|32px]] Attachment: 本工具的功能为令一个对象附着于另一对象之上.


 * Part_Export.svg Export: Exports to *.IGES, *.STEP, or *.BREP files.


 * Part_BoxSelection.svg BoxSelection: Selects faces from a rectangular area.


 * Part_ShapeFromMesh.svg Shape from Mesh: Creates a shape object from a mesh object.


 * Part_PointsFromMesh.svg Points from mesh: Creates a shape object made of points from a mesh object.


 * Part_MakeSolid.svg Convert to solid: Converts a shape object to a solid object.


 * Part_ReverseShapes.svg Reverse shapes: Flips the normals of all faces of selected objects.


 * Create a copy:
 * Part_SimpleCopy‎.svg Create simple copy: Creates a simple copy of a selected object.
 * Part_TransformedCopy.svg Create transformed copy: Creates a transformed copy of a selected object.
 * Part_ElementCopy.svg Create shape element copy: Creates a copy from an element (vertex, edge, face) of a selected object.
 * [[Image:Part_RefineShape.svg|32px]] Refine shape: Cleans faces by removing unnecessary lines.


 * Part_CheckGeometry.svg Check geometry: Checks the geometry of selected objects for errors.


 * [[Image:Part Defeaturing.svg|32px]] Defeaturing: Removes features from an object.

Context menu items

 * Std_SetAppearance.svg Appearance: Determines the appearance of a whole object (color, transparency etc.).


 * Part_FaceColors.svg Set colors: Assigns colors to individual faces of objects.

首选项

 * [[Image:Preferences-import-export.svg|32px]] Preference ... 导入 导出

脚本
零件脚本

教程

 * 从STL或OBJ文件中导入数据 : 如何在FreeCAD中导入STL/OBJ文件.
 * 导出STL或OBJ文件 : 如何从FreeCAD中导出STL/OBJ文件
 * Whiffle球教程 : 如何使用零件模块


 * Import from STL or OBJ : How to import STL/OBJ files in FreeCAD
 * Export to STL or OBJ : How to export STL/OBJ files from FreeCAD
 * Whiffle Ball tutorial : How to use the Part Module