FEM SolverElmer SolverSettings

This page describes the possible settings for solver Elmer.

=General=

Elmer is a multiphysics solver. Therefore you can use several main equations to solve problems. The different equations are listed here.

There are solver settings, available for all equations. These are described here. Settings only available for a particular equation are described in the pages of the corresponding equation.

Elmer offers the solving types steady-state and transient and two main solving systems, linear system and nonlinear system. The nonlinear system is used for the Flow equation and  Heat equation.

=Editing Settings=

The solver settings can be found in the property editor after clicking on an equation in the tree view. You can edit them there directly like any other property.

Coordinate System
The default coordinate system is Cartesian 3D. For some equations, not all coordinate systems can be can be used. This is noted on the Wiki pages of the corresponding equations.

Timestepping
For transient simulations the time steps need to be defined. This is done by the following settings:


 * : Order for the method BDF (Backward Differentiation Formula). It is recommended to use the default of 2.
 * : An array of intervals. A solver result file will be output every interval time step. For example if every third time step a result file should be output, set it to 3. The array corresponds to the . Note: The first result will in every case be created for the first time step. To get for example results after 25 % of the total time and the last result should be the final time, set to 5 and  to 21.
 * : An array of time intervals.The solver will perform one time interval after another. For example if the solver should calculate the first 10 seconds in steps of 0.1 second, then 50 seconds in steps of 1 second and then stop, you need to set the timestep intervals [100, 50] and the timestep size intervals [0.1, 1.0].
 * : An array of timestep sizes. The time unit is second. The array corresponds to the.

Note: Despite one speaks about "times" and "seconds," the times are actually solver progressions if the analysis is not time-dependent.

Type

 * : If the simulation is Steady state, Transient or just Scanning. Transient means the development over the solver time is calculated. See section Timestepping for the necessary settings.
 * : The maximum number of steady-state solver runs.
 * : The minimum number of steady-state solver runs.

Base
All equations have these properties:
 * : Name of the equation in the tree view.
 * : Number determining the priority of this equation to the other equations in the analysis. The equation with the highest number in the analysis will be solved as first. If two equations have the same priority number, the one that is first in the tree view will be solved first.
 * : If set to true, the solver will use stabilized finite element method when solving the heat equation with a convection term. If set to false, the Residual Free Bubble (RFB) stabilization is used instead. If convection dominates, stabilization must be used in order to successfully solve the equation.

Linear System
This system has the following properties:
 * : Polynomial degree for the iterative solver method BiCGStabl . This has only an effect if is Iterative and  is BiCGStabl. Starting with the default of 2 is recommended.
 * : Parameter for the iterative solver method Idrs . This has only an effect if is Iterative and  is Idrs. Starting with the default of 2 is recommended. Setting the parameter to 3 might increase the solving speed a bit. For flow analyses the Idrs method is up to 30 % faster than the default BiCGStab method.
 * : Method used for direct solving. This has only an effect if is Direct. The possible methods are Banded, MUMPS and Umpfpack. Note that MUMPS usually needs to be installed before you can use it. Note: when you use more than one CPU core for the solver  only MUMPS can be used.
 * : Maximal number of iterations for an iterative solver run. This has only an effect if is Iterative.
 * : Method used for iterative solving. This has only an effect if is Iterative.
 * : Method used for the preconditioning. For info about preconditioning, see this presentation (page 8) from Elmer.
 * : If the solving is done Direct or Iterative.
 * : Disables the linear solver. Only use this for special cases. It can be used to disable temporarily an equation since its solving is then not performed. There are, however cases there the solver is send to an infinite loop instead.
 * : The tolerance for the solver to stop. If the error is smaller than the tolerance, the solver run will be is finished. Otherwise the full number of will be performed. In the Elmer solver log you see how the error is minimized while the solver is running. (Look in the log at the end off every solver iteration for the value behind Relative Change). In case it does not go down below a certain value but reaches a value above the current tolerance that is acceptable for you, you can increase the tolerance.

Nonlinear System
This system is iterative and has the following properties:


 * : Maximal number of iterations.
 * : The nonlinear solver starts with the robust Picard algorithm. After some iterations, the algorithm is changed to the Newton algorithm which converges faster but is less robust if the results temporarily diverge (oscillations might occur). This setting sets the number of iterations after which the switch from the Picard to the Newton algorithm is made. Note: the switch is made whatever is reached first, or.
 * : The same as but here a tolerance is set. The tolerance is the norm of the nonlinear residual. If this is reached, the switch from the Picard to the Newton algorithm is made.
 * : The tolerance for the solver to stop. If the error is smaller than the tolerance, the solver run will be is finished. Otherwise the full number of will be performed. In the Elmer output you see in how the error is minimized while the solver is running. In case it does not go down below a certain value that is acceptable but above the current tolerance, you can increase the tolerance.
 * : This is THE most important setting in case the solver does not converge:

Relaxation Factor
If the solver iteration results oscillate numerically, the solver results cannot converge to a final, stable value. To avoid that, the calculated variable $$T_{i}$$ of the i-th iteration/solver run is not taken as input for the next iteration, but $$T_{i}^{'}$$, a value that is "damped" with the result from the previous iteration. The relaxation factor $$\lambda$$ is thereby defined as

$$\quad T_{i}^{'} = \lambda T_{i}+\left(1-\lambda\right)T_{i-1} $$

So for the default of 1.0, no damping is used. The smaller $$\lambda$$, the greater the damping and the the longer the convergence time. Therefore if the solver does not converge, start changing the relaxation factor to 0.9, then to 0.8 and so on. Values below 0.3 are unusual and if you need this, you should have a closer look to the math of your analysis. For cases, where you get a proper convergence you can set $$\lambda$$ above 1.0 to speed the convergence up.

Steady State
This part of the settings has only one property: $$\quad \left\Vert u_{i}-u_{i-1}\right\Vert <\epsilon\left\Vert u_{i}\right\Vert $$
 * : The specific steady state or coupled system convergence tolerance. All the equation solvers must meet their own tolerances for the variable $$\omega^2$$ they calculate, before the whole system is deemed converged. The tolerance criterion is:

whereas $$\epsilon$$ is the steady state tolerance and $$u_{i}$$ is the calculated variable in the i-th iteration/solver run.