Draft tutorial/ro

Introducere
Acest îndrumător este menit să deprindă cititorul cu elementele de bază din fluxul de operaţii cu Panoul Ciornă (Draft), printre care se numără crearea de profile, folosirea planurilor active, crearea dimensiunilor de cotare, textelor şi notelor. Acest îndrumător foloseşte notarea (X, Y, Z) pentru desemnarea coordinatelor necesare ca să definească punctele dintr-un obiect.



Cerinţe

 * FreeCAD versiunea 0.16 sau anterioară
 * Cititorul cunoaşte cum se folosesc tab-urile Data şi View pentru a schimba proprietăţile unui element atunci când doreşte.

Cum se procedează
Este obligatoriu să vă asigurați că bara de instrumente Ciornă Fixare (Draft Snap toolbar) va fi disponibilă pentru utilizar în parcurgerea acestui îndrumător.


 * 1) Porniţi FreeCAD.
 * 2) Dacă nu ați deschis un nou document FreeCAD (cea mai mare parte a ferestrei FreeCAD se arată ca fiind gri), din meniul derulant, faceți clic pe Fișier, apoi pe Nou sau faceți clic pe instrumentul Creați un document nou [[Image: Document-new.svg | 32px]].
 * 3) Activați panoul Ciornă (Draft );
 * 4) Selectați meniul Editare;
 * 5) Faceți clic pe Preferințe;
 * 6) Mergeți la  Ciornă (Draft ) și selectați tab-ul Grilă și fixare (Grid and snapping);
 * 7) Verificați dacă bara de instrumente Arată bara Ciornă Fixare (Show Draft Snap toolbar) este activă.

Rețineți că puteți modifica vizibilitatea Grilei din acest meniu, în cazul în care doriți să o dezactivați.

Folosirea planurilor
Planele sunt folosite pentru a delimita comportarea uneltelor din Ciornă la un anumit plan, evitând astfel problemele cu localizarea punctelor și curbelor în piesele complexe. Planele pot să se refere la axele sistemului de coordonate (XY, YZ, ...) sau pot să folosească o suprafață plană din document ca referință.


 * 1) Select  [[Image:Draft_SelectPlane.png|32px]] Set working plane. It ca be located within the Draft workbench toolbar or inside the Draft menu in the Utilities division.
 * 2) Selec the XY plane

Creating Profiles
The creation of profiles can be done in several ways. Though it is possible to use simple arcs and lines to do most of the work, FreeCAD includes several tools to speed up the process.

Lines and Arcs

 * 1) Select [[Image:Draft_Arc.png]] Arc.
 * 2) Set the center at (0, 0, 0)
 * 3) Set the radius to 30 mm
 * 4) The starting angle is 60.0°
 * 5) The aperture is 60.0°

Repeat the same procedure for a second arc with a radius of 25 mm, the other properties remain unchanged.

We will now close the profile with a couple of lines.


 * 1) Select [[Image:Draft_Line.png]] Line.
 * 2) Approach the Endpoint of either arc. A white point should appear, alongside this icon  [[Image:Snap_Endpoint.png|32px]] when your cursor approaches the endpoint.
 * 3) Select the endpoint of the other arc.
 * 4) Repeat for the other side of the arcs.

We now have several curves that detail a profile, however it is still not recognized as a single entity. It is possible to continue working with the elements intact, though in this case we will fuse them into a single object.

The following actions will alter the way the objects behave, making it hard to edit their properties, so it is best to do any necessary modifications before proceding.


 * 1) Select an arc and a line while pressing the CTRL key
 * 2) Click on [[Image:Draft_Upgrade.png]] Upgrade

This will fuse both objects into a Wire. Repeat until the four elements are fused into a single Wire.

Planes, Rectangles and Circles

 * 1) Click [[Image:Draft_Rectangle.png]] Rectangle
 * 2) Set the first point on (-100, -60, 0)
 * 3) Set the second point on (140, 90, 0)

The result is a Plane. Its properties can be modified to remove the filling, by changing its Display Mode to Wireframe.


 * 1) Select [[Image:Draft_Circle.png]]
 * 2) Set the center to (0, 0, 0)
 * 3) Set the radius to 15 mm

Polygons

 * 1) Select [[Image:Draft_Polygon.png]] Polygon
 * 2) The center point is located at (0, 0, 0)
 * 3) Set the radius to 50 mm
 * 4) Set the number of sides to 6

Arrays
Arrays are used to replicate an object several times in a direction, a revolution axis or along a path.
 * 1) Select the Wire that was previously created
 * 2) Click  [[Image:Draft_Array.png|32px]] Array
 * 3) In the Data tab of the object, change the Array type from ortho to polar
 * 4) Change Number Polar from 1 to 3

Adding Dimensions
Dimensions require a constant use of Snapping Constraints to properly select the points that one wishes to dimension. The Snapping toolbar is used to change the possible points that can be selected.


 * 1) Select  [[Image:Draft_Dimension.png]] Dimension
 * 2) Select the first point. This can be either an existing element or specified by coordintes. For this tutorial, the first point will alwaysvbe (0, 0, 0)
 * 3) Select the second point. Approach the midpoint of the top line of the polygon. A white point should appear alongside this icon [[Image:Snap_Midpoint.png|32px]]
 * 4) Move the cursor to the desired location of the dimension and click on it.
 * 5) Change the font size on the View tab to 6 mm

Repeat the process for the arcs and circles.

Annotations and Text
There is a slight difference between the two: it is only possible to use the second one as a profile to perform 3D operations.

Annotations

 * 1) Select  [[Image:Draft_Text.png]] Text
 * 2) Select the reference point in the 3D View. In this case, the midoint of the top arc.
 * 3) Enter your text and press Enter. Repeat for as many lines of text as you wish to input.
 * 4) Press Enter

Text

 * 1) Select [[Image:Draft_ShapeString.png|32px]] ShapeString
 * 2) Select the reference point in the 3D View. This can be an existing point or the current cursor location.
 * 3) Enter your text and press Enter
 * 4) Set the desired font size
 * 5) Leave tracking at 0 mm
 * 6) Select the path to the font file that you wish to use

Creating Blueprints
To create blueprints, it is necessary to create a Drawing  with the elements that you wish to use. Please read the Drawing tutorial for a detailed description.

We are now finished with the basic workflow for the Draft Module.

Lecturi recomandate

 * Pentru o descriere detaliată a panoului, vă rugăm să consultați Panoul Ciornă
 * Pentru a afla mai multe despre comenzile Fixare, vezi Ciornă Fixare