FreeCAD-Ship s60 tutorial/ro

În acest tutorial vom lucra cu nava Seria 60, de la Universitatea din Iowa. Tutorialul urmărește să arate cum să lucrați cu o navă simetrică monococă, dar navele multicocă sau nesimetrice pot fi efectuate cu aceeași procedură.

You can learn more about FreeCAD-Ship here

Introducere
FreeCAD-Ship lucrează peste entitățile navei , care trebuie să fie create peste geometria furnizată. Geometria trebuie să fie un solid sau un set de solide, trebuie luate în considerare următoarele criterii:
 * Trebuie asigurată toată geometria cocii (inclusiv corpurile simetrice).
 * Geometria tribordului trebuie inclusă în domeniul negativ "y".
 * Punctul de origine (0,0,0) este secțiunea  'Midship'  (Punctul între punctele perpendiculare pupa și prora) și  'linia de bază' .perpendicular) and base line intersection.

FreeCAD-Ship sign criteria

Se încarcă geometria Seriei 60
Pentru a ajuta noii utilizatori FreeCAD-Ship include un loader de exemple de geometrii, cu următoarele opțiuni:
 * Seria 60 de la Universitatea din Iowa
 * Navă canonic Wigley
 * Seria 60 catamaran
 * Wigley Catamaran

Ship Geometries Examples loader icon

Executarea instrumentului (Ship design/Load an example ship geometry) va afișa un dialog de activități. Selectați seria 60 din Universitatea din Iowa '' 'și apăsați Accept. Instrumentul încarcă un nou document cu geometria s60_IowaUniversity.

Crează instanța navei
Pentru a crea o instanță  'Ship'  selectați geometria s60 și executați instrumentul de creare a navei   (Ship design/Create a new ship).

Ship creation tool icon

Se va afișa un dialog de activități privind nava și unele adnotări la vizualizarea 3D. Adnotările vor fi eliminate atunci când închideți instrumentul de creare a navelor, deci nu vă faceți griji în legătură cu acest lucru.

Trebuie introduse cele mai importante date despre nave (FreeCAD-Ship utilizează un sistem de introducere progresivă a datelor, astfel încât operațiunile de bază pot fi realizate cunoscând numai datele de bază ale navelor, mai multe informații fiind necesare deoarece operațiunile devin mai complexe).

Date despre nava
Dimensiunile principale trebuie introduse aici:
 * Lungime: Lungime între perpendiculare, 25,5 m pentru această navă.
 * Lățimea: Lățimea totală a navei, 3,389 m pentru această navă.
 * Schiță: Pescajul proiectat, 1,0 m pentru această navă.

Length annotations.

Usually the Length between perpendiculars depends on design draft, so if you don't know what is the length of your ship you can set draft, and fit length in order to get bow and draft intersection.

Beam annotations.

Same process is valid for Beam fit. Note that requested value is total beam, but annotation is only refered to starboard half ship.

When you press Accept button program creates your new Ship instance called Ship at Tags & Attributes dialog. We don't need geometry anymore, so you can hide it.

Ship instance icon.

From here onwards, you must have Ship selected before you execute any FreeCAD-Ship tool.

Lines drawing
FreeCAD-Ship provides a tool that makes it easy to obtain a Lines Plan from the ship lines drawing

Lines drawing tool icon

Lines drawing is a set of lines from section cuts in all 3 axis, that will eventually show the hull geometry in a Lines Plan. We need to provide the lines for the 3 following views:
 * Body Plan (using the Transversal Cuts)
 * Sheer Plan (using the Longitudinals Cuts)
 * Half-Breadth Plan (using the Waterlines Cuts)

Transversal cuts
Usually 21 transversal equidistant sections between perpendiculars must be performed. in order to do it FreeCAD provides an automatic tool in order to do it, simply select Transversal type of sections, go to Auto create box and set 21 sections, then press Create sections.

Outline draw transversal sections preview

Sections table is filled, and sections preview called OutlineDraw shown. Usually more sections was added at bow and stern, where more complex curvatures are registered, in order to do it go to the end of the table, and do double click at empty item in order to edit it, pressing intro to confirm. Add following sections:


 * X22 = -12.1125 m
 * X23 = 12.1125 m

Depending hull geometry complexity, sections preview can take some time. In order to remove a section, just fill it with an empty text and press enter.

Longitudinal cuts
Two longitudinal cuts must be added, so select Longitudinal type of sections, go to Auto create box and set 2 sections, then press Create sections. Sections table is filled, and sections preview updated.

Waterlines
6 Waterlines between base line and design draft must be added, so select Waterlines type of sections, go to Auto create box and set 5 (Z = 0 m will not be considered, add it manually if you need it) sections, then press Create sections. Sections table is filled, and sections preview updated.

Several additional waterlines must be added:
 * Z6 = 1.2 m
 * Z7 = 1.4 m
 * Z8 = 1.6 m
 * Z9 = 1.8 m
 * Z10 = 2.0 m

Perform plot
Select 1:100 scale and press Accept to let the tool to generate the 3D sections in a new object.

Resultant sections.

In order to plot these sections you can use the drawing workbench:

Outline draw plot.

Transversal areas curve
One typical ship design hydrodynamic parameter is the transversal areas curve, that retrieves some indicators about the behaviour of the hull (towing resistance, seakeeping, ...). FreeCAD-Ship provides a simple tool in order to perform transversal areas curve.

Transversal areas curve tool icon.

When tool is executed a task dialog is shown, and free surface prewied is created at 3D view (Free surface preview will be removed when tool finished, so don't worry about them). Into task dialog input and output data is present.

Input data
Draft and trim (Hull y edge rotation angle, positive if stern draft may increase) must be provided. Several areas curves may be performed, depending on ship load situations, but two typical plot should be performed:
 * Design transversal areas curve: Without triming angle and using design draft, 1.0 m in this case.
 * Maximum draft transversal areas curve: Without trimin angle, and maximum draft allowed, 2.0 m in this case.

Output data
Some relevant data is shown at real time:
 * L: Lenght between perpendiculars, value set at ship instance creation.
 * B: Beam selected at ship creation.
 * T: Actual draft amidships.
 * Trim: Trim angle.
 * TAP: After perpendicular draft.
 * TFP: Forward perpendicular draft.
 * Displacement: Ship displacement (salt water considered, divide by 1.025 in order to know displaced volume).
 * XCB: Buoyancy centre point X coordinate (relative to midship section).

When Accept button is pressed a plot is performed (depending on geometry complexity can take some time, you can see progress on terminal, and stop the work pressing Ctrl+C). When the task has finished FreeCAD will generate a Plot (see the plot module documentation) and a SpreadSheet (see the Spreadsheet workbench documentation).

Design draft transversal areas curve.

You can perform maximum draft transversal areas curve in order to see the differences (for instance you are noticing that areas curve is passing through length perpendiculars now).

Hydrostatics
Hydrostatics computation is a critical stage at ship design due to know principal stability hull parameters. Hydrostatics are mandatory data in order to classification societies certificates ship, and joined with loading condition data (weights and gravity position) provides essential data about ship stability. FreeCAD-Ship provides a tool to obtain main hydrostatics curves (GZ curves are considered in other tool).

Hydrostatics tool icon.

When tool is executed a task dialog is shown. Usually Hydrostatics curves are presented for each trim angle, in this tutorial only upright trimming angle will considered (0º), with an interval around every loading condition draft. Since we don't know what loading conditions we can get, we will consider almost draft possibilities (Usually, in order to get as many resolution as possible, naval architects fits the interval to feasible drafts).

So we set following data:
 * Trim = 0 deg
 * Minimum Draft = 0.1 m
 * Maximum Draft = 2.0 m
 * Number of points = 39. A lot of points or really complex geometries imply long computation times, in this case around 1 minute can be expend.

When Accept button is pressed plots are performed (see the plot module documentation) and a spreadsheet is generated (see the Spreadsheet workbench documentation).

Hydrostatics curves.

Continue learning FreeCAD-Ship
Now you are ready to continue learning Ship, here is the second chapter of Series 60 from Iowa university ship.