FreeCAD-Ship s60 tutorial (II)/es

Asegúrese de haber realizado la primera parte de este tutorial antes de comenzar con este capítulo.

Puedes encontrar más información sobre FreeCAD-Ship aquí

Introducción
En el tutorial anterior nos centramos en cálculos hidrostáticos, mientras que en el presente tutorial comenzaremos a trabajar con pesos, aprendiendo a definir los pesos del barco y sus tanques, para así poder calcular la curva de GZ, que es el parámetro hidrostático más importante en cuanto a estabilidad transversal del buque se refiere. GZ es el brazo del momento estático generado cuando el buque adquiere una escora. Por supuesto siempre que GZ sea positivo, el barco tendrá un momento adrizante que tratará de reponer la situación de equilibrio anterior a la escora, pero cuando GZ se torna negativo la estabilidad del buque se habrá agotado, tendiendo éste a dar la vuelta buscando un nuevo equilibrio.

La IMO (Organización Marítima Internacional) establece los siguientes criterios mínimos de estabilidad transversal:


 * GM >= 0.15 m. GM (altura metacéntrica) es la tangente inicial de la curva de GZ.
 * El valor máximo de GZ se debe dar a escoras superiores a 30 grados.
 * Con una escora de 30 grados GZ debe ser al menos de 0.2 m.
 * El área por debajo de la curva de GZ hasta los 40 grados de escora debe ser al menos de 0.090 m · rad.
 * El área por debajo de la curva de GZ hasta los 30 grados de escora debe ser al menos de 0.055 m · rad.
 * El área por debajo de la curva de GZ entre los 30 y los 40 grados de escora debe ser al menos de 0.030 m · rad.

Trabajaremos en este tutorial sobre nuestro serie 60, generando una distribución irreal de tanques y pesos.

Pesos del buque
De cara a poder calcular la curva de GZ se necesita conocer el peso del buque, y la posición del centro de gravedad para cada ángulo de escora. de tal forma que los pesos se pueden dividir en dos categorías:


 * Pesos fijos que se mueven solidariamente con el barco.
 * Tanques, cuyo líquido en su interior modifica su forma desplazando el centro de gravedad, siendo necesario recalcularlo para ángulo de escora.

Cada tipo de peso tiene una herramienta específica en FreeCAD-Ship.

Icono de la herramienta de definición de pesos.

Weights definition tool can be used to set first category of weights. When you launch the tool for first time (with ship instance selected), FreeCAD-Ship initialize ship weights with Lightweight ship (equal to ship displacement) that is placed on ship geometry centre of gravity X coordinate, and at design draft height. Usually you have at least, 2 relevant weights:
 * Structure.
 * Main engine (or several of them).

So we will change it. Doing double click over each cell we can edit the value, seting this weights:
 * Structure, 15000 kg, (-0.1, 0, 1.25) m
 * Starboard engine, 5000 kg, (-6.5, -0.65, 0.5) m
 * Port side engine, 5000 kg, (-6.5, 0.65, 0.5) m
 * Emergency engine, 2500 kg, (0.2, 0, 2.5) m

Weights definition 3D preview.

Weights position are shown at 3D screen view. This annotations will be removed when you ends with the tool, so don't take care about this. When you press Accept weights will stored at your ship instance.

Tanks
Tanks must be created on top of solid geometry, as the ship instance, so first step is create two bow tanks (one per ship side) solid geometries that we will consider (Ussually ships have a lot of tanks for fuel, fresh water, salt water, load, etc).

Geometry generation
In order to generate tanks we load Part module, and create a box solid.

We need to edit the box, so we select it at Atributes and tags tree, and change from view to data tab. Uncollapse Placement, and into them Position, and set x to 1.5, and z to -1. We want to change box lenght too changing it for 5.0 (note that units can be in mm, don't take care about this).

Tank geometry will be common part of created box and ship geometry, so we can hide Ship instance, and show s60_IowaUniversity geometry. Selecting box and s60_IowaUniversity we can use Common operation generating our starboard tank geometry.

Generated tank geometry.

We can perform port side tank selecting our starboard geometry and executing mirror tool, selecting XZ as mirror plane.

In order to convert geometry into a ussual solid shape our tanks, and recover our s60_IowaUniversity geometry, we can load Draft module, and with starboard tank geometry selected execute Upgrade, and repeat with port side tank geometry. We can rename geometries as:
 * StarboardTankGeom
 * PortTankGeom

We can delete created Box, that we don't need anymore.

Tank intances generation
If reload FreeCAD-Ship module another time, we can find tank instances generator tool.

Tank instance generation tool icon.

Now we can select StarboardTankGeom and execute tank instnace generation tool, where some data must be provided. We will set 40% of filling level, and 925 kg/m$$\mathrm{m}^{3}$$ (fuel approach). When Accept is clicked a new tank instance called Tank is generated. We can rename it as StarboardTank, and hide StarboardTankGeom.

We can repeat the same process in order to generate PortTank.

View of generated weights.

Figure shown our ship result that we will compute.

GZ curve computation
FreeCAD-Ship provide a tool to compute easily GZ curve.

GZ curve computation tool icon.

With Ship instance selected, we can run the tool. The first thing that we can see at opened dialog is a list with all tank instances found at active document. We want to use both of them, so we click over the tanks that are remarked with a diferent background.

In order to know the resultant ship displacement and draft we can press Update displacement and draft, taking some time for the computation. We receive following data:
 * Displacement = 37505.5 kg
 * Draft = 0.818664 m

So we are in a unloaded situation, where draft are sightly lower than design draft. Ussually lower drafts imply lower ship stability, the draft depends on loading condition, so if we really expect than ship can be operated in this loading condition we can consider implement ballast tanks.

We can also automatically compute ship trim, operation that can take around one minute, retrieving that our ship have 0.95 degrees of trim angle (positive by stern). In this example we will work without trim angle (0 degrees).

Tool request roll angles considered too. In this case we want to know all ship behaviour, so we can set:
 * 0 degrees starting roll angle.
 * 180 degrees ending roll angle.
 * 46 points. One for each 2 degrees. GZ computation can take some time, so take care about the number of points requested.

When we press Accept tool starts the computation. If you runs FreeCAD from terminal you can see work progress. In a couple of seconds we will receive GZ curve.

This tool use pyxplot and ghostscript too. You can see where gz.dat output file has been placed at the report view (View/Views/Report view), and load it with datasheet software (for example libreOffice). Nearby data file several auxiliary files has been created too:


 * gz.dat: Computed GZ curve data.
 * gz.pyxplot: pyxplot layout in order to plot the curve.
 * gz.eps: EPS image version.
 * gz.png: PNG image version.

This files will be overwritten if you executes the tool another time.

Results
Resultant GZ curve.

GZ maximum value is placed over 30 degrees (45 degrees), getting 0.25 m at 30 degrees (0.2 m is the minimum). Up to 30 degrees the area below GZ curve is 0.065 m·rad, up to 40 degrees we have 0.092 m·rad, being the area between 30 and 40 degrees of 0.027 m·rad. So our ship don't meets the IMO requeriments. The solution is place ballast tanks.

At the other hand the ship, in this bad condition, has positive GZ values up to 95 degrees roll angle, but has not been enoguht for IMO stability requirements, showing the hard cirteria imposed about this item.

Of course this example is not real (first for all fuel tanks cannot be placed in the double bottom structure, or using hull side as structure), but is a good example in order to learn to use FreeCAD-Ship.