Part Module/zh-cn

简介
FreeCAD的实体建模能力都是基于 Open Cascade Technology (OCCT)内核——一种具有创建与处理高级3D几何体等特性的专业级CAD系统. 零件工作台（Part Workbench）是一种建立于OCCT库之上的层级，为用户提供了访问OCCT几何图元与函数的功能. 每种工作台(如底图工作台, 草图工作台, 零件设计工作台等等)的一切2D与3D绘制功能其实都是基于零件工作台暴露出的函数实现的. 因此，可以认为零件工作台是FreeCAD建模功能的核心组件.

以零件工作台创建的对象相对简单；为了构建更为复杂的几何图形，可以为之运用布尔运算(并集与减运算). 此建模范式就是尽人皆知的构造实体几何 (CSG) 工作流程，它是早期CAD系统中所用的传统方法. 另一方面，零件设计工作台（PartDesign Workbench）还提供了更为现代的工作流程来构建几何图形：它利用参数化方式来定义草图，再将其挤压成型为基本的实体对象，最后通过参数化变换(特征编辑)来修改模型，直到用户获取预期的最终模型为止.

零件对象比网格工作台（Mesh Workbench）创建的网格对象更为复杂，因为用户可以对前者执行更为高级的操作，如连续的布尔运算、修改历史与参数化处理.



工具
这些工具皆位于菜单.

图元
以下这些工具用于创建图元对象.


 * [[Image:Part_Box.png|32px]] Box: 根据指定的规格绘制一个立方体
 * [[Image:Part_Cylinder.png|32px]] Cylinder: 根据指定的规格绘制一个圆柱体
 * [[Image:Part_Sphere.png|32px]] Sphere: 根据指定的规格绘制一个球体
 * [[Image:Part_Cone.png|32px]] Cone: 根据指定的规格绘制一个圆锥体
 * [[Image:Part_Torus.png|32px]] Torus: 根据指定的规格绘制一个环面（torus）（圆环 (ring)）
 * [[Image:Part_CreatePrimitives.png|32px]] CreatePrimitives: 一种用于创建各类参数化几何图元的工具
 * [[Image:Part_Shapebuilder.png|32px]] Shapebuilder: 一种利用各种参数化几何图元创建更加复杂几何图形的工具

修改对象
这些工具用于修改已存在的对象. 通过它们即可选取待修改的对象.


 * [[Image:Part_Extrude.png|32px]] Extrude: 将对象的平面端面挤压成型
 * [[Image:Part_Revolve.png|32px]] Revolve: 通过令一（非实体）对象绕某轴旋转来创建另一个实体对象
 * [[Image:Part_Mirror.png|32px]] Mirror: 根据指定的镜面对选中的对象进行镜像操作
 * [[Image:Part_Fillet.png|32px]] Fillet: 为对象的边倒(圆)角
 * [[Image:Part_Chamfer.png|32px]] Chamfer: 为对象的边倒角
 * [[Image:Part_RuledSurface.png|32px]] Ruled Surface:
 * [[Image:Part_Loft.png|32px]] Loft: 对轮廓进行放样操作（放样成另一种轮廓）
 * [[Image:Part_Sweep.png|32px]] Sweep: 沿路径对一个或多个轮廓进行扫描


 * [[Image:Part_CompOffsetTools.png|48px]] Offset tools:
 * [[Image:Part_Offset.png|32px]] 3D Offset: 根据原始几何形状在特定的距离处构建一个平行的副本.
 * [[Image:Part_Offset2D.png|32px]] 2D Offset: 根据原始连线在特定的距离处创建一个平行的副本，或者缩放一个平面端面. (v0.17)


 * [[Image:Part_Thickness.png|32px]] Thickness: 镂空一个实体，在选中的面上留下开口.


 * [[Image:Part_ProjectionOnSurface.png|32px]] Projection on surface: 向表面上投影logo、文本或任意表面、连线、边. 可以为投影部分创建一个示例或连线. (v0.19)


 * [[Image:Part_Compound.svg|48px]] Compound Tools:
 * [[Image:Part_Compound.svg|32px]] Make compound: Creates a compound from the selected objects.
 * [[Image:Part_ExplodeCompound.svg|32px]] Explode Compound: Tool to split up compounds of shapes
 * [[Image:Part Compound‏‎Filter.svg|32px]] Compound Filter: The CompoundFilter can be used to extract the individual pieces.


 * [[Image:Part_Booleans.png|32px]] Booleans: 在对象上执行布尔运算
 * [[Image:Part_Union.png|32px]] Union: 将两个对象融为一体 (并集)
 * [[Image:Part_Common.png|32px]] Common: 提取出两个对象中的共有部分(交集)
 * [[Image:Part_Cut.png|32px]] Cut: 从一个对象中去掉另一个对象(差集)


 * [[Image:Part_CompJoinFeatures.png|48px]] Join features: smart booleans for walled objects (e.g., pipes)
 * [[Image:Part_JoinConnect.svg|32px]] Connect: Connects interiors of objects
 * [[Image:Part_JoinEmbed.svg|32px]] Embed: Embeds a walled object into another walled object
 * [[Image:Part_JoinCutout.svg|32px]] Cutout: Creates a cutout in a wall of an object for another walled object


 * [[Image:Part_CompSplittingTools.png|48px]] Splitting tools:
 * [[Image:Part_BooleanFragments.svg|32px]] Boolean fragments: makes all the pieces that can be obtained by Boolean operations between objects
 * [[Image:Part SliceApart.svg|32px]] Slice a part: tool to split shapes by intersection with other shapes
 * [[Image:Part_Slice.svg|32px]] Slice: Splits an object into pieces by intersections with another object
 * [[Image:Part_XOR.svg|32px]] XOR: removes space shared by even number of objects (symmetric version of Cut)


 * [[Image:Part Defeaturing.svg|32px]] Defeaturing:
 * [[Image:Part_Section.svg|32px]] Section: Creates a section by intersecting an object with a section plane
 * [[Image:Part_CrossSections.svg|32px]] Cross sections...: Creates one or more cross-sections through a selected shape
 * [[Image:Part Attachment.svg|32px]] Attachment: attachment is a utility to attach an object to another one.

Measure
Measure: Allows linear and angular measurement between points, edges, and faces.


 * [[Image:Part_Measure_Linear.svg|32px]] Measure Linear allows you to make linear measurements.
 * [[Image:Part_Measure_Angular.svg|32px]] Measure Angular allows you to make angular measurements.
 * [[Image:Part_Measure_Refresh.svg|32px]] Measure Refresh updates the measurements on screen.
 * [[Image:Part_Measure_Clear_All.svg|32px]] Clear All Clears all measurements.
 * [[Image:Part_Measure_Toggle_All.svg|32px]] Toggle All shows or hides all measurements.
 * [[Image:Part_Measure_Toggle_3d.svg|32px]] Toggle 3D shows or hides 3D measurements.
 * [[Image:Part_Measure_Toggle_Delta.svg|32px]] Toggle Delta shows or hides delta measurements.

其他工具

 * [[Image:Part ImportCAD.png|32px]] Import CAD: 您可利用此工具为当前文档添加*.IGES、*.STEP、*.BREP文档.
 * [[Image:Part ExportCAD.png|32px]] Export CAD: 您可利用此工具将一个零件对象导出至一个*.IGES、*.STEP、*.BREP文件.
 * [[Image:Part ShapeFromMesh.png|32px]] Shape from Mesh: 根据一个网格对象创建一个几何形状对象.
 * Convert to solid: 将一个几何形状对象转换为一个实体对象.
 * Reverse shapes: 调转选中对象所有表面上的法线方向.
 * [[Image:Part CreateSimpleCopy‎.svg|32px]] Create simple copy: 为选中的对象创建一个简单的副本.
 * [[Image:Part RefineShape.png|32px]] Refine shape: 通过去除不必要的线条来清理表面.
 * [[Image:Part CheckGeometry.png|32px]] Check geometry: 检测选中对象的几何体是否存在错误.
 * Measure: 令用户可以实现点/边/面间的线性测量与角度测量.
 * [[Image:Part Attachment.svg|32px]] Attachment: 本工具的功能为令一个对象附着于另一对象之上.


 * Create a copy:
 * [[Image:Part_SimpleCopy‎.svg|32px]] Create simple copy: Creates a simple copy of the selected object.
 * Part_TransformedCopy.svg Create transformed copy: creates a transformed copy of the selected object.
 * Part_ElementCopy.svg Create shape element copy: creates a copy from an element (vertex, edge, face) of the selected object.
 * [[Image:Part_RefineShape.svg|32px]] Refine shape: Cleans faces by removing unnecessary lines.


 * [[Image:Part_CheckGeometry.svg|32px]] Check geometry: Checks the geometry of selected objects for errors.

Context menu items

 * Appearance: determines appearance of the whole part (color transparency etc.).
 * Part_ColorFace.svg Set colors: assigns colors to part faces.

首选项

 * [[Image:Preferences-import-export.svg|32px]] Preference ... 导入 导出

脚本
零件脚本

教程

 * 从STL或OBJ文件中导入数据 : 如何在FreeCAD中导入STL/OBJ文件.
 * 导出STL或OBJ文件 : 如何从FreeCAD中导出STL/OBJ文件
 * Whiffle球教程 : 如何使用零件模块


 * Import from STL or OBJ : How to import STL/OBJ files in FreeCAD
 * Export to STL or OBJ : How to export STL/OBJ files from FreeCAD
 * Whiffle Ball tutorial : How to use the Part Module