Tutorial for open windows/de

Einleitung
Dieses Tutorial zeigt, wie man Fenster und Türen in einem Gebäudemodell platziert, wie man sie in der 3D Ansicht als offen anzeigt und wie man eine 2D Zeichnung (Grund- und Aufriss) für das Modell erstellt. Es verwendet die Arbeitsbereiche Entwurf (Draft), Architektur (Arch) und Technisches Zeichnen (TechDraw).

Häufig benutzte Werkzeuge sind: Draft:Raster (Draft Grid), Draft:Fang (Draft Snap), Draft:Drahtwerkzeug (Draft Wire), Arch:Wand (Arch Wall), Arch:Fenster (Arch Window), Arch:Schnittebene (Arch SectionPlane) und TechDraw:Neuer Zeichnungsausschnitt (TechDraw NewArch).

Einrichtung
1. Öffne FreeCAD, erstelle ein neues, leeres Dokument und wechsel zum Architektur-Arbeitsbereich.

2. Stelle sicher, dass Deine Einheiten im Menü korrekt eingestellt sind. Zum Beispiel ist gut geeignet, um mit den Abständen in einem typischen Gebäude umzugehen; setze außerdem die Anzahl der Nachkommastellen auf, um auch die kleinsten Teile eines Meters zu berücksichtigen.

3. Benutze die Schaltfläche, um ein Raster mit ausreichender Auflösung einzublenden. Das Erscheinungsbild des Rasters kannst Du im Menü ändern. Setze "Hauptlinien alle" auf, "Rasterabstand" auf und "Rastergröße" auf  (das Raster wird damit eine Fläche von 50m x 50m abdecken).

4. Zoome im 3D-Ansichtsfenster heraus, wenn Du zu nahe am Raster bist.

Jetzt sind wir bereit, ein einfaches Gebäude mit geschlossenen Wänden, 2 Türen und 2 Fenstern zu erstellen.

Wände erstellen
5. Benutze das Draft:Drahtwerkzeug, um einen geschlossenen Polygonzug zu erstellen. Gehe 	gegen den Uhrzeigersinn vor.
 * 5.1. Erster Punkt bei (0, 0, 0); gib im Dialog ein: ,   ,.
 * 5.2. Zweiter Punkt bei (3, 0, 0). Drücke um die Bewegung auf die X-Achse einzuschränken; gib den Wert ein:.
 * 5.3. Dritter Punkt bei (3, 4, 0). Drücke um die Bewegung auf die Y-Achse einzuschränken; gib den Wert ein:.
 * 5.4. Vierter Punkt bei (0, 4, 0). Drücke um die Bewegung auf die X-Achse einzuschränken; gib den Wert ein:.
 * 5.5. Drücke um den Polygonzug zu schließen und das Werkzeug zu beenden.
 * 5.6. Drücke auf dem Nummernblock um eine isometrische Projektion des Modells zu erhalten.
 * Die Punkte können auch mit dem Mauscursor durch Anklicken der Rasterschnittpunkte unter Zuhilfenahme der Draft:Fang-Werkzeugleiste und der Raster-Methode definiert werden.

6. Wähle den Linienzug aus und verändere die Eigenschaft  auf.

7. Wähle den Linienzug aus und klicke auf das Werkzeug Arch:Wand; die Wände werden unverzüglich erstellt mit einer voreingestellten Breite (Dicke) von 0.2 m und einer Höhe von 3 m.
 * Wenn die Eigenschaft des Linienzugs  auf  eingestellt ist, wird dieser Schritt einen soliden Block erstellen anstatt nur die Kontur des Linienzugs  zu nutzen.





Türen und Fenster platzieren
8. Klicke auf das Werkzeug Arch:Fenster, wähle die Voreinstellung (preset) aus und ändere die Höhe auf 2 m.
 * 8.1. Ändere die Fangmethode auf Mittelpunkt und versuche die untere Kante der vorderen Wand auszuwählen. Wenn nötig verdrehe die 3D-Ansicht, um die Kante und nicht die Wandoberfläche anklicken zu können; wenn der Mittelpunkt aktiv ist, klicke um die Tür zu platzieren.
 * 8.2. Klicke noch einmal auf das Werkzeug Arch:Fenster und platziere eine weitere Tür, aber diesmal am Mittelpunkt der rückseitigen Wand; verdrehe dazu die 3D-Ansicht soweit wie nötig.



9. Klicke auf das Werkzeug Arch:Fenster; wähle die Voreinstellung (1flg. Fenster) und ändere die  (Brüstungshöhe) auf 1 m.
 * 9.1. Behalte die Fangmethode Mittelpunkt bei und versuche die untere Kante der linken Wand auszuwählen. Wenn nötig verdrehe die 3D-Ansicht, um die Kante und nicht die Wandoberfläche anklicken zu können; wenn der Mittelpunkt aktiv ist, klicke um das Fenster zu platzieren.


 * Die (Brüstungshöhe) ist der Abstand vom Fußboden bis zur unteren Fensterkante. Für Türen ist die  gewöhnlich 0 m weil Türen normalerweise bis zum Fußboden reichen; andererseits haben Fenster üblicherweise einen Abstand von 0,5 m bis 1,5 m zum Fußboden.


 * 9.2. Click the Arch Window tool again, and place another window, but this time in the midpoint of the right wall; rotate the standard view as necessary. This time make the window's width (length) 1.5 m, and again make the 1 m.




 * the parameter can only be set when initially creating the window with a preset. Once the window is inserted, modify its placement by editing the  vector  of the  underlying Sketcher Sketch.


 * 9.3. Move the a bit higher. Select the underlying, and change its  from  to . The entire  should move up. The wall may still show an opening in the previous position; if this happens, right click the  element, select , and then press + to recompute the model.



when placing a window or a door with a preset, hover the element over the Arch Wall, and wait for the element to rotate so that it is parallel to that wall. Aim for the bottom edge of the wall, and use the to adjust the distance from the floor. If this is difficult, use the Draft Near snapping mode of the Draft Snap toolbar to insert the element anywhere on the face of the wall, and then adjust its manually as described above. Having many Draft Snap modes active at the same time may cause issues with placing the element, so try with only one option at a time.

occasionally the window may be placed outside the Arch Wall; as long as the element is parallel to that wall, you should be able to correct the position manually.

Opening the doors
10. In the tree view select underlying, and press , or change the property  to

11. Double click in the tree view to start editing it.


 * 11.1. Inside the frame there are two panes,  and.
 * with a simple door preset there are two wires, and, and two components,  and . A custom designed Arch Door may have more wires and components.


 * 11.2. Click on, and click the button. This shows the properties of the  component like , , , , , , and.
 * 11.3. In the 3D view, select only one vertical edge in the visible sketch of the door, then click the button. The button should change to an edge name, for example,.
 * 11.4. Change the to, or any other option.
 * 11.5. Click the button, and then  to finish editing the door. The sketch may become hidden again.







12. Select, and give the property a value of 45. The solid panel of the door should open to the inside of the building.

13. Select, and change the property to ; the tip of the created wire indicates which side of the door opens; this is easier to see if the viewport changes to front view. Change the property to ; a circular arc should indicate the extent of the door's swing; this is easier to see if the viewport changes to top view.

14. Repeat the steps with and the underlying  to make the door open 75 degrees to the inside of the building. Also enable the elevation and plan symbols.







Opening the windows
15. In the tree view select underlying, and press , or change the property  to.

16. Double click in the tree view to start editing it.


 * 16.1. Click on the component, and click the  button.


 * 16.2. In the 3D view, select only one vertical edge of . The wires representing and the  are very close to each other, so zoom in as close as possible to the sketch to select the appropriate wire. Then click the  button. The button should change to an edge name, for example,.
 * when there are many solids on the screen that it becomes difficult to select only one edge, switch to wireframe mode to remove the faces of those solid objects, and see only the wires, edges, and contours.


 * 16.3. Change the to, or any other option.

17. Select, and give the property a value of 45. The inner frame containing the transparent glass should open to the inside of the building.

18. Select, and change the property to ; the tip of the created wire indicates which side of the window opens; this is easier to see if the viewport changes to left side view. Change the property to ; a circular arc should indicate the extent of the window's swing; this is easier to see if the viewport changes to top view.

19. Repeat the steps with and the underlying  to make the window open 75 degrees. Also show the elevation and plan symbols. In this case, don't pick a vertical wire of the as hinge, but pick the top horizontal wire. This means that this window will open differently from the other window. The elevation symbol will be better seen from a right side view. The plan symbol will be better seen from the front view; however, since the wall is obstructing the view, you can change its to a value such as 85 to see through it; alternatively you can also change its  to  to show only its edges.





Making a floor plan of the building
20. Still in the Arch Workbench, select all components in the tree view, the Arch Wall, the two Arch Windows, and the two Arch Doors, then use the Arch SectionPlane tool to create a element.

change the property of the section plane to a larger value, for example,, so that the direction of the section is clearly visible in the 3D viewport.



21. Change to the TechDraw Workbench and insert a new page with the TechDraw New Default tool; a new object is created, and the view switches to this page. The page inserted is a standard A4 sheet in landscape orientation, with a basic frame around it. Use the TechDraw New Pick tool if you need to create a new page using a particular SVG template.

22. Select, and use the TechDraw NewArch tool to create an object in the page. Most probably the new object won't be visible in the page because it has a very large scale of, that is, 1:1. This means that every meter in the 3D view is shown as a meter in the page view; since the page is only 0.297 m x 0.210 m in size, most features are too big to fit in this page at their natural scale.

23. Select this object, and change the property  to, which is equivalent to 1:50, a scale suitable for typical buildings. This means every meter in the 3D view will be shown as 20 mm in the page. The object should appear in the center of the page, and can be moved to a better position on the left side. The two doors should look like they are open, but only the left window should look open. The reason the right window doesn't appear in the projection is that the plane defined by does not cut through this right window.



24. Switch back to the Arch Workbench. In the tree view select all components again, and use the Arch SectionPlane tool to create a second element.
 * 24.1. Select and change the property  to . This second plane does cut through all Arch objects.
 * 24.2. Switch back to the TechDraw Workbench. Select, use the TechDraw NewArch tool to create , and set to . The new view in the TechDraw page now shows all openings in the Arch Wall produced by doors and windows.

set to  for TechDraw ArchView objects so that all elements cut by the plane are visible in the page, regardless of their visibility state in the 3D viewport. The option can also be set to  to draw a shade on the solids that were cut by the section plane.



Making an elevation projection of the building
25. Go back to the Arch Workbench. In the tree view, select all components, the Arch Wall, the two Arch Windows, and the two Arch Doors, then use the Arch SectionPlane tool to create a third element.
 * 25.1. Rotate, so that it cuts vertically through the building. Change the properties to , and  to.
 * 25.2. Change the to, so that the plane is in front of the building.



26. Go back to the TechDraw Workbench, and use the TechDraw NewArch tool on ; remember to adjust the scale to (1:50). Change to  to correct the appearance of the projections. Arrange next to the other views in the page. This third projection looks at the building from the front.



Arch and TechDraw interaction
As of the time of writing of this document (FreeCAD 0.18, November 2018), the TechDraw Workbench can only display in its pages what the Arch Workbench exports as SVG. This means that the appearance of the elements included within the Arch SectionPlane tool, and displayed by the TechDraw NewArch tool, is controlled by the Arch Workbench.

The TechDraw Workbench only has minimal control over how it displays those Arch SectionPlane objects. Therefore, bug reports and feature requests related to displaying Arch elements should be filed with both workbenches.

A closer interaction between the workbenches is planed for future versions of FreeCAD. In those versions it is expected that long-standing issues be resolved, such as controlling the characteristics of lines and faces (line width, line color, face color, hatch patterns, and others).