Spreadsheet Workbench/pl

Wprowadzenie
Środowisko pracy Arkusz Kalkulacyjny pozwala tworzyć i edytować arkusze kalkulacyjne, używać danych z arkusza kalkulacyjnego jako parametrów w modelu, wypełniać arkusz kalkulacyjny danymi pobranymi z modelu, wykonywać obliczenia i eksportować dane do innych aplikacji arkuszy kalkulacyjnych, takich jak LibreOffice czy Microsoft Excel.



Przybory

 * Spreadsheet_CreateSheet.svg Utwórz arkusz: tworzy nowy arkusz kalkulacyjny.


 * Spreadsheet_Import.svg Importuj arkusz: wczytuje plik CSV do arkusza kalkulacyjnego.


 * Spreadsheet_Export.svg Eksportuj arkusz: zapisuje pliku CSV na podstawie arkusza kalkulacyjnego.


 * Spreadsheet_MergeCells.svg Scal komórki: łączy wybrane komórki.


 * Spreadsheet_SplitCell.svg Podziel komórkę: rozdziela poprzednio scalone komórki.


 * Spreadsheet_AlignLeft.svg Wyrównaj do lewej: wyrównuje treść wybranych komórek do lewej.


 * Spreadsheet_AlignCenter.svg Wyśrodkuj w poziomie: wyrównuje treść wybranych komórek do środka w poziomie.


 * Spreadsheet_AlignRight.svg Wyrównaj do prawej: wyrównuje treść wybranych komórek do prawej.


 * Spreadsheet_AlignTop.svg Wyrównaj do góry: wyrównanie zawartości wybranych komórek w górę.


 * Spreadsheet_AlignVCenter.svg Wyśrodkuj w pionie: wyrównuje treść wybranych komórek do środka w pionie.


 * Spreadsheet_AlignBottom.svg Wyrównaj w dół: wyrównuje treść wybranych komórek do dołu.


 * Spreadsheet_StyleBold.svg Pogrubienie: ustawia pogrubienie treści wybranych komórek.


 * Spreadsheet_StyleItalic.svg Kursywa: ustawia treść wybranych komórek na kursywę.


 * Spreadsheet_StyleUnderline.svg Podkreślenia: ustawia treść wybranych komórek jako podkreśloną.


 * Spreadsheet_SetAlias.svg Ustaw alias: ustawia alias dla wybranej komórki.


 * Przyciski oraz  ustawia kolory czcionki i tła dla wybranych komórek.

Ustawienia

 * [[Image:Preferences-spreadsheet.svg|32px]] Ustawienia: preferencje dla środowiska pracy Arkusz Kalkulacyjny.

Wstawianie i usuwanie wierszy i kolumn
Wiersze i kolumny można wstawiać i usuwać, klikając prawym przyciskiem myszy nagłówek wiersza lub kolumny i wybierając odpowiednią opcję z menu podręcznego. Możliwe jest zaznaczenie najpierw wielu wierszy lub kolumn. Można to zrobić, przytrzymując klawisz podczas zaznaczania nagłówków lub przytrzymując lewy przycisk myszy i przeciągając.

W programie FreeCAD w wersji 0.19 i wcześniejszych wiersze są wstawiane nad zaznaczonymi wierszami, a kolumny po lewej stronie zaznaczonych kolumn. W programie FreeCAD w wersji 0.20 można określić kierunek wstawiania.

Należy pamiętać, że usunięcie wierszy lub kolumn z danymi może spowodować zepsucie arkusza kalkulacyjnego i Twojego modelu, jeśli opiera się on na arkuszu. W takim przypadku użytkownik nie jest ostrzegany.

Wycinanie i kopiowanie-wklejanie komórek
W komórkach arkuszy kalkulacyjnych programu FreeCAD można wykonywać operacje wycinania i kopiowania-wklejania. Do tych operacji można używać standardowych skrótów klawiszowych: +,  +  i  +. Aby zaznaczyć wiele komórek, przytrzymaj klawisz podczas zaznaczania lub przytrzymaj lewy przycisk myszy i przeciągnij, aby zaznaczyć prostokątny zakres komórek.

The cut and copy operations store the contents and properties of the cells on the Clipboard. The paste operation writes the data in such a way that the content of the top left cell of the stored data is dropped in the active cell. Other stored content is placed relative to that cell. Formulas are updated accordingly.

Note that removing cells with data can break the spreadsheet and your model if it relies on the spreadheet. You are not prewarned if this happens.

In FreeCAD version 0.19 and earlier there is a bug that can cause FreeCAD to hang if a non-rectangular cell range is pasted. It is advisable to save your work before performing any paste operations.

Cell properties
The properties of a spreadsheet cell can be edited by right-clicking the cell and selecting from the context menu. The following dialog pops up:



As indicated by the tabs, the following properties can be changed:


 * Color: Text color and background color
 * Alignment: Text horizontal and vertical alignment
 * Style: Text style: bold, italic, underline
 * Units:  Display units for this cell. Please read the Units section below.
 * Alias:  Define an alias for this cell. This alias can be used in cell formulas and also in general expressions; see section Spreadsheet data in expressions for more information.

Cell expressions
A spreadsheet cell may contain arbitrary text or an expression. Technically, expressions must start with an equals '=' sign. However, the spreadsheet attempts to be intelligent; if you enter what looks like an expression without the leading '=', one will be added automatically.

Cell expressions may contain numbers, functions, references to other cells, and references to properties of the model (But see Current limitations below). Cells are referenced by their column (CAPITAL letter) and row (number). A cell may also be referenced by its alias-name. Example: B4 + A6

Note: Cell expressions are treated by FreeCAD as programming code. Therefore, when you edit a cell the content you see that it is not following your display settings:
 * the decimal separator is always a dot
 * the number of displayed decimals can differ from your preferences settings

References to objects in the model are explained under References to CAD-data below. Using spreadsheet cell values to define model properties are explained under Spreadsheet data in expressions below. For more information on expressions and the available functions, see Expressions.

Interaction between spreadsheets and the CAD model
Data in the cells of a spreadsheet may be used in CAD model parameter expressions. Thus, a spreadsheet may be used as the source for parameter values used throughout a model, effectively gathering the values in one place. When values are changed in the spreadsheet, they are propagated throughout the model.

Similarly, properties from CAD model objects may be used in expressions in spreadsheet cells. This allows use of object properties like volume or area in the spreadsheet. If the name of an object in the CAD model is changed, the change will automatically be propagated to any references in spreadsheet expressions using the name which was changed.

More than one spreadsheet may be used in a document. A spreadsheet can be identified using either its name or its label.

FreeCAD will automatically assign a unique name to a spreadsheet when it is created. These names follow the pattern, , and so on. The name can not be changed manually, and it is not visible in the properties of the spreadsheet. It can be used to refer to the spreadsheet in an Expression (see Spreadsheet data in expressions below.)

The label of a spreadsheet is automatically set to the name of the spreadsheet upon creation. Unlike the name, the label can be changed, for example in the properties panel or using the context menu action Rename. Note that the label of a spreadsheet within a document has to be unique; if you try to change the label to a label already used by another spreadsheet, FreeCAD will not accept the new label.

FreeCAD checks for cyclic dependencies. See Current limitations.

References to CAD-data
As indicated above, one can reference data from the CAD model in spreadsheet expressions.

Computed expressions in spreadsheet cells start with an equals ('=') sign. However, the spreadsheet entry mechanism attempts to be smart. An expression may be entered without the leading '='; if the string entered is a valid expression, an '=' is automatically added when the final is typed. If the string entered is not a valid expression (often the result of entering something with the wrong case, e.g. "MyCube.length" instead of "MyCube.Length"), no leading '=' is added and it is treated as simply a text string.

Note: The above behavior (auto insert of '=') has some unpleasant ramifications:
 * If you want to keep a column of names corresponding to the alias-names in an adjacent column of values, you must enter the name in the label column before giving the cell in the value column its alias-name. Otherwise, when you enter the alias-name in the label column the spreadsheet will assume it is an expression and change it to "="; and the displayed text will be the value from the  cell.
 * If you make an error when entering the name in the label column and wish to correct it, you cannot simply change it to the alias-name. Instead, you must first change the alias-name to something else, then fix the text name in the label column, then change the alias-name in the value column back to its original.

One way to side-step these issues is to prefix text labels corresponding to alias-names with a fixed string, thereby making them different. Note that "_" will not work, as it is converted to "=". However, a blank, while invisible, will work.

The following table shows some examples assuming the model has a feature named "MyCube":

Spreadsheet data in expressions
In order to use spreadsheet data in other parts of FreeCAD, you will usually create an Expression that refers to the spreadsheet and the cell that contains the data you want to use. You can identify spreadsheets by name or by label, and you can identify the cells by address or by alias. Autocompletion is available for all forms of referencing.

The recommended way to refer to spreadsheet data is to use the spreadsheet label and cell alias name. For a more in-depth explanation of the pros and cons of the addressing modes, see the expanded section below.

Using the spreadsheet label has the advantage that it can be freely changed to describe the contents of the spreadsheet. It is also easier to identify the spreadsheet that is being used since the text in the expression matches the label shown in the model and property views. If you decide to change the label of a spreadsheet, existing references to the contents of the spreadsheet will be updated, so you won't break your expressions by renaming the spreadsheet. The internal name of the spreadsheet is not readily available anywhere except within the expression editor, so if you use the internal name and later decide to rename the spreadsheets, you might have a hard time tracing your expression data back to its source.

Be aware that when you create a new spreadsheet, the name and the label are the same, so it is easy to accidentally use the spreadsheet name instead of the label. A simple way to avoid this is to give the spreadsheet a meaningful name before starting to use it in expressions.

While you may use the row and column number in an expression to reference a cell, best practice is to give the cell an alias name and use that. See Cell Properties above on how to set the alias. For example, if the data in cell B1 contained the length parameter for an object, an alias name of would allow the value to be referred to as  instead of. Besides being much easier to read and understand, alias names are also much easier to change if you decide to adjust the structure of your spreadsheet. Using an alias also has the advantage that it is reasier to see which cells are used to control other parts of the document. Note that FreeCAD will automatically adjust the positional references in expressions if you insert or remove rows and columns in the spreadsheet, so even if you use row and column numbers in an expression, you can insert rows and columns without breaking the references to the surrounding cells.

Complex models and recomputes
Editing a spreadsheet will trigger a recompute of the 3D model, even if the changes do not affect the model. For a complex model a recompute can take a long time, and having to wait after every single edit is of course quite annoying.

There are three solutions to deal with this:
 * 1) Temporarily skip recomputes:
 * 2) * In the Tree view right-click the [[Image:Document.svg|24px]] document that contains the spreadsheet.
 * 3) * Select the option from the context menu.
 * 4) * There is a big disadvantage to this solution. New values entered in the spreadsheet will not be displayed until the document is recomputed. Instead is shown.
 * 5) * You can either recompute manually, using the Std Refresh command, or disable when you are done editing.
 * 6) Use a macro to automatically skip recomputes while editing a spreadsheet:
 * 7) * Download and run skipSheet.FCMacro.
 * 8) * This solution saves a few steps compared to the first solution, but also has the mentioned disadvantage.
 * 9) Put the spreadsheet in a separate FreeCAD file:
 * 10) * You can reference spreadsheet data from an external file with this syntax:.
 * 11) * The advantage of having the spreadsheet in another file over switching off recomputes is that the spreadsheet itself does get recomputed.
 * 12) * The disadvantage is that the model won't automatically recompute after changes to the spreadsheet.
 * 13) * In the scenario where you first open the 'spreadsheet' file, change one or more values and then open the 'model' file, there won't be any indication that the model needs to be recomputed. But if both files are open the Std Refresh icon will update correctly for the 'model' file after changes to the 'spreadsheet' file.

Units
The Spreadsheet has a notion of dimension (units) associated with cell values. A number entered without an associated unit has no dimension. The unit should be entered immediately following the number value, with no intervening space. If a number has an associated unit, that unit will be used in all calculations. For example, the multiplication of two lengths with the unit mm gives an area with the unit mm&sup2;.

If a cell contains a value which represents a dimension, it should be entered with its associated unit. While in many simple cases one can get by with a dimensionless value, it is unwise to not enter the unit. If a value representing a dimension is entered without its associated unit, there are some sequences of operations which cause FreeCAD to complain of incompatible units in an expression when it appears the expression should be valid. (This may be better understood by viewing this thread in the FreeCAD forums.)

You can change the units displayed for a cell value using the properties dialog units tab (above). This does not change the value contained in the cell; it only converts the existing value for display. The value used for calculations does not change, and the results of formulas using the value do not change. For example, a cell containing the value "5.08cm" can be displayed as "2in" by changing the units tab value to "in".

A dimensionless number cannot be changed to a number with a unit by the cell properties dialog. One can put in a unit string, and that string will be displayed; but the cell still contains a dimensionless number. In order to change a dimensionless value to a value with a dimension, the value itself must be re-entered with its associated unit.

Occasionally it may be desirable to get rid of a dimension in an expression. This can be done by multiplying by 1 with a reciprocal unit.

CSV format
FreeCAD spreadsheets can be imported and exported to the CSV format which can also be read and written by most other spreadsheet applications such as Microsoft Excel or LibreOffice Calc. See Spreadsheet Import and Spreadsheet Export for more information.

XLSX format
Spreadsheets in the Excel-format XLSX can be imported with the Std Import command or the Std Open command. The following features are supported:


 * All functions that are also available in the FreeCAD spreadsheet. Other functions give an error in the corresponding cell after import.
 * Alias names for cells.
 * More than one sheet in the Excel-spreadsheet. In this case one FreeCAD spreadsheet is created for each Excel sheet.

Other functionality is not imported into the FreeCAD spreadsheet.

Wydruki
Aby zachować ustawienia strony niezbędne do drukowania, arkusze kalkulacyjne FreeCAD można drukować, wstawiając je do obiektu widok Arkusza Kalkulacyjnego.

Obecne ograniczenia
FreeCAD sprawdza, czy istnieją zależności cykliczne. Z założenia sprawdzanie to zatrzymuje się na poziomie obiektu arkusza kalkulacyjnego. W konsekwencji nie powinieneś mieć arkusza kalkulacyjnego zawierającego zarówno komórki, których wartości są używane do określania parametrów modelu, jak i komórki, których wartości wykorzystują dane wyjściowe z modelu. Na przykład nie można mieć komórek określających długość, szerokość i wysokość obiektu, a inna komórka odwołuje się do całkowitej objętości wynikowego kształtu. Ograniczenie to można obejść, mając dwa arkusze kalkulacyjne: jeden używany jako źródło danych dla parametrów wejściowych do modelu, a drugi używany do obliczeń opartych na danych wynikowych geometrii.