Manual:Generating 2D drawings/pl

Kiedy Twój model nie może być wydrukowany lub wyfrezowany bezpośrednio przez maszynę, na przykład (budynek) jest za duży lub wymaga ręcznego montażu po przygotowaniu elementów, zazwyczaj będziesz musiał wyjaśnić innej osobie, jak to zrobić. W dziedzinach technicznych (inżynieria, architektura, itp.), zazwyczaj wykonuje się to za pomocą rysunków. Rysunki są przekazywane osobie odpowiedzialnej za montaż produktu końcowego i precyzują, jak to wykonać.

Typowymi przykładami mogą być instrukcje z marketu Ikea, oraz rysunki architektoniczne, i projekty. Rysunki te zazwyczaj zawierają nie tylko sam szkic, ale również wiele adnotacji, takich jak tekst, wymiary, liczby i symbole, które pomogą innym ludziom zrozumieć, co i jak należy wykonać.

We FreeCAD środowiskiem pracy odpowiedzialnym za tworzenie takich rysunków jest TechDraw.

Środowisko pracy TechDraw pozwala na tworzenie arkuszy, które mogą być puste lub korzystać z gotowych szablonów, aby mieć już szereg elementów na arkuszu, takich jak ramki i tytuł. Na tych arkuszach możesz umieścić widoki wcześniej modelowanych obiektów 3D i skonfigurować, sposób w jaki te widoki będą się pojawiać na arkuszu. Możesz również umieścić na arkuszu wszelkiego rodzaju adnotacje, takie jak wymiary, teksty i inne symbole powszechnie używane w rysunkach technicznych.

Arkusze rysunków, po ukończeniu, można wydrukować lub wyeksportować jako pliki w formacie SVG, PDF lub DXF.

In the following exercise, we will see how to create a simple drawing of a chair model found in the FreeCAD library (Furniture → Chairs → IkeaLikeChair). The FreeCAD library can easily be added to your FreeCAD installation (refer to the installing chapter of this manual), or you can simply download the model from the library webpage, or via the direct link provided at the bottom of this chapter.




 * Load the IkeaLikeChair file from the library. You can choose between the .FCStd version, which will load the full modeling history, or the .step version, which will create only one object, without the history. Since we won't need to model any further now, it is best to choose the .step version, as it will be easier to manipulate.




 * Switch to the [[Image:Workbench_TechDraw.svg|24px]] TechDraw Workbench
 * Press the [[Image:Techdraw-new-pick.svg|16px]] New Pick button.
 * Select the A4_Portrait_ISO7200TD template. A new tab will open in your FreeCAD window, showing the new page.
 * In the tree view (or in the model tab), select the chair model. It will most likely be named something like "Open CASCADE STEP translator."
 * Press the [[Image:TechDraw_View.svg|16px]] New View button.
 * A View object will be created on our page. Select the view object in the tree view, and then give the view the following properties in the data tab of the combo view:
 * Under the Base category:
 * X: 70 mm
 * Y: 120 mm
 * Rotation: 0
 * Scale: 0.1
 * Under the Projection category (hit the drop down arrow to modify the x, y, and z components of these properties individually):
 * Direction: [0 0 1]
 * XDirection: [0 -1 0] (Change the y field first, then the x field)
 * We now have a nice top view of our chair. Hit the [[Image:Techdraw-toggleframe.svg|16px]] Toggle button to turn the View frames, labels, and vertices off.


 * Let's repeat the operation twice, to create two more views. We will set their X and Y values, which indicate the position of the view on the page, in order to show them apart from the top view, and their direction, to create different view orientations. Give each new view the following properties:
 * View001 (front view): X: 70, Y: 220, Scale: 0.1, Rotation: 0, Direction: (-1,0,0), XDirection: (0,-1,0)
 * View002 (side view): X: 150, Y: 220, Scale: 0.1, Rotation: 0, Direction: (0,-1,0), XDirection: (1,0,0)
 * After that, we obtain the following page:


 * Note that there may be easier ways to get the views that you want. You can simply rotate the 3D view of your model, and once you have the view you want, select the model in the tree view and hit [[Image:TechDraw_View.svg|16px]] New View. This will automatically insert a view with the desired rotation and direction properties. You can also use the [[Image:TechDraw_NewProjGroup.svg|16px]] Projection Group tool.


 * We can tweak the aspect of our views if we want, for example we can change their Line Width property (under the View tab in the Combo View) to 0.5.

We will now place dimensions and indications on our drawing. There are two ways to add dimensions to a model: one is placing the dimensions inside the 3D model, using the Dimension tool of the Draft Workbench, and then placing a view of these dimensions on our sheet with the  New Draft tool. The other is to do things directly on the TechDraw sheet. We'll use the latter method.


 * Hit the [[Image:Techdraw-toggleframe.svg|16px]] Toggle button to turn the vertices on.
 * Use Ctrl + Left Mouse Click to select the two vertices you want to measure the distance between.
 * Hit the [[Image:TechDraw Dimension Length.svg|16px]] Dimension Length button.




 * Repeat the operation, until all the dimensions you wish to indicate are placed. Use the [[Image:TechDraw Dimension Vertical.svg|16px]] Vertical Dimension and [[Image:TechDraw Dimension Horizontal.svg|16px]] Horizontal Dimension tools as necessary.
 * Take a minute to look at the properties of the Dimension object in the Combo View.
 * Please note that if you are dimensioning an axonometric view (e.g., isometric view) instead of a multiview view (e.g., front view) like we have done here, you will need to use the [[Image:TechDraw_Dimension_Link.svg|16px]] Dimension Link tool to get an accurate dimension.


 * We will now place the two callouts shown in the image above, using the [[Image:TechDraw Balloon.svg|16px]] Balloon tool.
 * 1) Looking at the Page in the 3D view window, select the View to which the Balloon will be attached, as shown in the image above.
 * 2) Press the [[Image:TechDraw Balloon.svg|16px]] Balloon button.
 * 3) The cursor is now displayed as a balloon icon.  Click on the page to place the balloon origin at the desired position.
 * 4) The balloon bubble may be dragged to the desired position.
 * 5) Change the balloon properties by double clicking the balloon label or the balloon object in the tree view. This will open the Balloon Task dialog. Set the Value field to the desired text and change the Symbol drop-down menu selection to
 * 6) Press
 * 7) Repeat the operation for the second callout.
 * We will now fill in the sheet title block.
 * Make sure that the View frames, labels, and vertices are visible. If not, hit the [[Image:Techdraw-toggleframe.svg|16px]] Toggle button.
 * Edit the text in each section of the sheet title block by clicking on the small green square on the left side of the text.

Our page can now be exported to SVG for further work in graphical applications like Inkscape or to DXF. Select the page in the tree view and then select menu. The DXF format is importable in almost all existing 2D CAD applications. TechDraw pages can also be directly printed or exported to PDF.

Downloads


 * The chair model: https://github.com/FreeCAD/FreeCAD-library/blob/master/Furniture/Chairs/IkeaLikeChair.step
 * The file created during this exercise: https://github.com/JoshuaCall/FreeCAD-manual/blob/master/files/drawing.FCStd
 * The SVG sheet produced from that file: https://github.com/JoshuaCall/FreeCAD-manual/blob/master/files/drawing.svg

Read more


 * The TechDraw workbench
 * Create custom templates
 * Another TechDraw tutorial
 * The FreeCAD library
 * Inkscape

Watch turorials
 * Sliptonic's TechDraw playlist
 * Symbols and Views