Bàn làm việc Vẽ kỹ thuật (TechDraw)
Giới thiệu
Bàn làm việc TechDraw được sử dụng để tạo ra các bản vẽ kỹ thuật cơ bản từ các mô hình 3D được tạo bằng một bàn làm việc khác như Part, PartDesign, BIM, hoặc được nhập từ các ứng dụng khác. Mỗi bản vẽ là một Trang (Page) , có thể chứa nhiều Hình chiếu (Views) khác nhau của các đối tượng có thể vẽ được như Part::Features, PartDesign::Bodies, nhóm App::Part và nhóm Đối tượng Tài liệu (Document Object). Các bản vẽ tạo ra có thể được sử dụng cho các mục đích như tài liệu hóa, hướng dẫn sản xuất, hợp đồng, giấy phép, v.v.
Các kích thước, mặt cắt, vùng tô mặt cắt (hatched areas), chú thích và ký hiệu SVG có thể được thêm vào trang, và trang này có thể được xuất tiếp ra các định dạng khác nhau như DXF, SVG, và PDF.
Nếu mục tiêu chính của bạn là tạo ra các bản vẽ 2D phức tạp và các tệp DXF, và bạn không cần mô hình hóa 3D, thì FreeCAD có thể không phải là lựa chọn phù hợp cho bạn. Thay vào đó, bạn có thể cân nhắc sử dụng một phần mềm chuyên dụng cho việc phác thảo kỹ thuật, chẳng hạn như LibreCAD hoặc QCad.
Bắt điểm
introduced in 1.0: Bàn làm việc TechDraw có tính năng bắt dính (snapping). Tính năng này có thể được sử dụng để tự động căn chỉnh các hình chiếu (views), hình chiếu cắt (section views) và kích thước (dimensions) khi kéo thả bằng chuột để định vị chúng. Với tùy chọn Bắt dính căn chỉnh hình chiếu (Snap View Alignment) được bật (mặc định) trong Preferences, các hình chiếu sẽ bắt dính để căn chỉnh với các hình chiếu khác khi ở đủ gần (thiết lập View Snapping Factor - Hệ số bắt dính hình chiếu). Các kích thước cũng bắt dính với các kích thước song song khác và phần chữ của kích thước có thể bắt dính vào giữa đường kích thước. Có thể tạm thời vô hiệu hóa tính năng bắt dính bằng cách giữ phím Alt.
Công cụ
Trang
New Page From Template: thêm một trang mới sử dụng bản mẫu template đã chọn.
Update Template Fields: tự động điền các trường của bản mẫu (template) bằng thông tin trong tài liệu. introduced in 1.0
Redraw Page: cập nhật ngay lập tức trang đã chọn.
Print All Pages: in tất cả các trang trong tài liệu. introduced in 0.21
Export Page as SVG: lưu trang hiện tại thành file SVG.
Export Page as DXF: lưu trang hiện tại thành DXF.
Các hình chiếu TechDraw
New View: Thêm hình biểu diễn của một hoặc nhiều đối tượng. introduced in 1.0: Nó có thể tạo ra một hình chiếu đơn lẻ, một Projection Group, Spreadsheet View, Arch View, Symbol hoặc Image View.
Broken View: adds a broken view of one or more objects. introduced in 1.0
Section View: inserts a cross-section view of an existing view.
Complex Section View: inserts a cross-section view of an existing view based on a profile. introduced in 0.21
Detail View: inserts a detail view of a portion of an existing view.
Projection Group: invokes a dialog to create multiple views of an object from different directions. introduced in 1.0: The Insert View tool can be used instead.
Clip Group: inserts a clip group.
Insert SVG: inserts a symbol from a SVG file into a page. introduced in 1.0: The Insert View tool can be used instead.
Bitmap Image: inserts a PNG or JPG bitmap image into a page. introduced in 1.0: The Insert View tool can be used instead.
Share View: shares a view between multiple pages.
Project Shape: creates projections of shapes in the 3D View.
Views From Other Workbenches
Active View: inserts a view of the active 3D View.
Draft View: inserts a view of a Draft Workbench object.
BIM View: inserts a view of a BIM Workbench Arch Section Plane object. introduced in 1.0: The Insert View tool can be used instead.
Spreadsheet View: inserts a view of a Spreadsheet Workbench sheet. introduced in 1.0: The Insert View tool can be used instead.
Dimensions
Some dimension tools are listed under Attributes/Modifications, Format/Organize Dimensions and Annotations below.
Dimension: adds a contextual dimension. introduced in 1.0
Length Dimension: adds a length dimension.
Horizontal Length Dimension: adds a horizontal length dimension.
Vertical Length Dimension: adds a vertical length dimension.
Radius Dimension: adds a radius dimension to a circle or circular arc.
Diameter Dimension: adds a diameter dimension to a circle or a circular arc.
Angle Dimension: adds an angle dimension between two straight edges.
Angle Dimension From 3 Points: adds an angle dimension using three vertices.
Area Annotation: adds an area dimension to a face. introduced in 1.0
Horizontal Extent Dimension: adds a horizontal extent dimension.
Vertical Extent Dimension: adds a vertical extent dimension.
Repair Dimension References: can adjust the 2D or 3D geometry references of a dimension. introduced in 0.21
Hatching
Image Hatch: applies a hatch pattern from a file to a face.
Geometric Hatch: applies a hatch pattern to a face using an Autodesk PAT specification.
Symbols
Weld Symbol: adds welding specifications to an existing leaderline.
Surface Finish Symbol: adds a surface finish symbol to a page. introduced in 0.21
Hole/Shaft Fit: adds hole or shaft tolerances using ISO 286 to a dimension. introduced in 0.21
Stacking
Stack Top: moves views to the top of the stacking order. introduced in 0.21
Stack Bottom: moves views to the bottom of the stacking order. introduced in 0.21
Stack Up: moves views up one level in the stacking order. introduced in 0.21
Stack Down: moves views down one level in the stacking order. introduced in 0.21
Aligning
Attributes/Modifications
Select Line Attributes, Cascade Spacing and Delta Distance: selects the attributes (style, width and color) for new cosmetic lines and centerlines, and specifies the cascade spacing and delta distance.
Change Line Attributes: changes the attributes (style, width and color) of cosmetic lines and centerlines.
Extend Line: extends a cosmetic line or centerline at both ends.
Shorten Line: shortens a cosmetic line or centerline at both ends.
Toggle View Lock: locks or unlocks the position of a view.
Position Section View: orthogonally aligns a section view with its source view.
Align Horizontal Chain Dimensions: aligns horizontal dimensions to create a chain dimension.
Align Vertical Chain Dimensions: aligns vertical dimensions to create a chain dimension.
Align Oblique Chain Dimensions: aligns oblique dimensions to create a chain dimension.
Cascade Horizontal Dimensions: evenly spaces horizontal dimensions.
Cascade Vertical Dimensions: evenly spaces vertical dimensions.
Cascade Oblique Dimensions: evenly spaces oblique dimensions.
Area Annotation: calculates the area of selected faces and inserts an area annotation.
Arc Length Annotation: calculates the arc length of selected edges and inserts an arc length annotation. introduced in 1.0
Customize Format Label: customizes the formatting of a balloon text or dimension text. GD&T symbols and other special character can be added.
Centerlines/Threading
Circle Centerlines: adds centerlines to circles and arcs.
Bolt Circle Centerlines: adds centerlines to a circular pattern of circles.
Cosmetic Thread Hole Side View: adds a cosmetic thread to the side view of a hole.
Cosmetic Thread Hole Bottom View: adds a cosmetic thread to the top or bottom view of holes.
Cosmetic Thread Bolt Side View: adds a cosmetic thread to the side view of a bolt/screw/rod.
Cosmetic Thread Bolt Bottom View: adds a cosmetic thread to the top or bottom view of bolts/screws/rods.
Cosmetic Intersection Vertices: adds cosmetic vertices at the intersection(s) of selected edges.
Offset Vertex: adds a cosmetic vertex at a specified offset from a selected vertex. introduced in 1.0
Cosmetic 1 Point Circle: adds a cosmetic circle based on one vertex. introduced in 1.0
Cosmetic 2 Point Circle: adds a cosmetic circle based on two vertices.
Cosmetic 3 Point Circle: adds a cosmetic circle based on three vertices.
Cosmetic Arc: adds a cosmetic counter clockwise arc based on three vertices.
Cosmetic Parallel Line: adds a cosmetic line parallel to another line through a vertex.
Cosmetic Perpendicular Line: adds a cosmetic line perpendicular to another line through a vertex.
Format/Organize Dimensions
Horizontal Chain Dimension: creates a sequence of aligned horizontal dimensions.
Vertical Chain Dimension: creates a sequence of aligned vertical dimensions.
Oblique Chain Dimension: creates a sequence of aligned oblique dimensions.
Horizontal Coordinate Dimension: creates multiple evenly spaced horizontal dimensions starting from the same baseline.
Vertical Coordinate Dimension: creates multiple evenly spaced vertical dimensions starting from the same baseline.
Oblique Coordinate Dimension: creates multiple evenly spaced oblique dimensions starting from the same baseline.
Horizontal Chamfer Dimension: creates a horizontal size and angle dimension for a chamfer.
Vertical Chamfer Dimension: creates a vertical size and angle dimension for a chamfer.
Arc Length Dimension: creates an arc length dimension.
Insert '⌀' Prefix: inserts a '⌀' symbol at the beginning of the dimension text.
Insert '□' Prefix: inserts a '□' symbol at the beginning of the dimension text.
Insert 'n×' Prefix: inserts a repeated feature count at the beginning of the dimension text. introduced in 1.0
Remove Prefix: removes all symbols at the beginning of the dimension text.
Increase Decimal Places: increases the number of decimal places of the dimension text.
Decrease Decimal Places: decreases the number of decimal places of the dimension text.
Annotations
Text Annotation: adds a plain text block as annotation.
Rich Text Annotation: adds an rich text block as annotation to a leaderline or a view.
Balloon Annotation: adds a "balloon" annotation to a page.
Axonometric Length Dimension: adds an axonometric length dimension. introduced in 0.21
Add Lines
Leader Line: adds a leader line to a view
Centerline on Face: adds a centerline to selected face(s).
Centerline Between 2 Lines: adds a centerline between 2 lines.
Centerline Between 2 Points: adds a centerline between 2 points.
Cosmetic Line Through 2 points: adds a cosmetic line connecting 2 vertices.
Edit Line Appearance: changes the appearance of selected line(s).
Toggle Edge Visibility: shows/hides invisible lines/edges in a view.
Add Vertices
Cosmetic Vertex: adds a Vertex which is not part of the source geometry.
Midpoint Vertices: adds Cosmetic Vertices at midpoints of selected edges.
Quadrant Vertices: adds Cosmetic Vertices at quarter points of selected (circular) edges.
Miscellaneous
Remove Cosmetic Object: removes cosmetic objects from a page.
Obsolete Tools
Add View to Clip Group: adds an existing view to a clip group. Not available in 1.0 and above.
Remove View from Clip Group: removes a view from a clip group. Not available in 1.0 and above.
Insert Landmark Dimension - EXPERIMENTAL: adds a landmark distance dimension. Not available in 1.1 and above.
Link Dimension to 3D Geometry: links an existing dimension to the 3D geometry (deprecated). Not available in 1.1 and above.
Move View: moves a view and its dependents to a different page. Not available in 1.0 and above.
Turn View Frames On/Off: turns the display of View frames, labels and vertices on or off. Not available in 1.1 and above.
Additional features
- Line Groups: to control the appearance of various types of lines.
- Templates: the default templates defined for the drawing pages.
- Hatching: explanation of the different hatching techniques.
- Geometric dimensioning and tolerancing: explanation on how to achieve geometric dimensioning and tolerancing.
Preferences
Preferences: preferences for the default values of the drawing page such as projection angle, colors, text sizes, and line styles.
Scripting
The TechDraw tools can be used in macros and from the Python Console. For more information see:
Limitations
- Do not cut, copy and paste TechDraw objects in the Tree View as this generally does not work out well.
- Do not drag TechDraw objects in the Tree View with the mouse.
Tutorials
- Basic TechDraw Tutorial: introduction to creating drawings with the TechDraw Workbench.
- Creating a new template: instructions to create a new page template in Inkscape for using with the TechDraw Workbench.
- TechDraw TemplateGenerator: instructions to create a macro for generating a basic template.
- A "few" added lines of code result in a tool like the Macro TemplateHelper.
- Measurement Of Angles On Holes: instructions for adding centerlines and subsequent angle representations on holes.
- Miscellaneous: instructions for different settings like center marks, etc.
- TechDraw Pitch Circle Tutorial: instructions for adding a pitch circle.
Video tutorials by sliptonic
- TechDraw Workbench Part 1 (Basics), Part 2 (Dimensions), Part 3 (Multiview)
- TechDraw Workbench Part 4 (Section and Detail), Part 5 (Customizing Templates)
Development
Do you want to know about the future of the TechDraw Workbench? Visit the TechDraw Roadmap Page to learn more.
- Page: New Page, New Page From Template, Update Template Fields, Redraw Page, Print All Pages, Export Page as SVG, Export Page as DXF
- TechDraw Views: New View, Broken View, Section View, Complex Section View, Detail View, Projection Group, Clip Group, Insert SVG, Bitmap Image, Share View, Project Shape
- Views From Other Workbenches: Active View, Draft View, BIM View, Spreadsheet View
- Dimensions: Dimension, Length Dimension, Horizontal Length Dimension, Vertical Length Dimension, Radius Dimension, Diameter Dimension, Angle Dimension, Angle Dimension From 3 Points, Area Annotation, Horizontal Extent Dimension, Vertical Extent Dimension, Repair Dimension References
- Hatching: Image Hatch, Geometric Hatch
- Symbols: Weld Symbol, Surface Finish Symbol, Hole/Shaft Fit
- Stacking: Stack Top, Stack Bottom, Stack Up, Stack Down
- Attributes/Modifications: Select Line Attributes, Cascade Spacing and Delta Distance, Change Line Attributes, Extend Line, Shorten Line, Toggle View Lock, Position Section View, Align Horizontal Chain Dimensions, Align Vertical Chain Dimensions, Align Oblique Chain Dimensions, Cascade Horizontal Dimensions, Cascade Vertical Dimensions, Cascade Oblique Dimensions, Area Annotation, Arc Length Annotation, Customize Format Label
- Centerlines/Threading: Circle Centerlines, Bolt Circle Centerlines, Cosmetic Thread Hole Side View, Cosmetic Thread Hole Bottom View, Cosmetic Thread Bolt Side View, Cosmetic Thread Bolt Bottom View, Cosmetic Intersection Vertices, Offset Vertex, Cosmetic 1 Point Circle, Cosmetic 2 Point Circle, Cosmetic 3 Point Circle, Cosmetic Arc, Cosmetic Parallel Line, Cosmetic Perpendicular Line
- Format/Organize Dimensions Horizontal Chain Dimension, Vertical Chain Dimension, Oblique Chain Dimension, Horizontal Coordinate Dimension, Vertical Coordinate Dimension, Oblique Coordinate Dimension, Horizontal Chamfer Dimension, Vertical Chamfer Dimension, Arc Length Dimension, Insert '⌀' Prefix, Insert '□' Prefix, Insert 'n×' Prefix, Remove Prefix, Increase Decimal Places, Decrease Decimal Places
- Annotations: Text Annotation, Rich Text Annotation, Balloon Annotation, Axonometric Length Dimension
- Add Lines: Leader Line, Centerline on Face, Centerline Between 2 Lines, Centerline Between 2 Points, Cosmetic Line Through 2 points, Edit Line Appearance, Toggle Edge Visibility
- Add Vertices: Cosmetic Vertex, Midpoint Vertices, Quadrant Vertices
- Miscellaneous: Remove Cosmetic Object
- Additional: Line Groups, Templates, Hatching, Geometric dimensioning and tolerancing, Preferences
- Getting started
- Installation: Download, Windows, Linux, Mac, Additional components, Docker, AppImage, Ubuntu Snap
- Basics: About FreeCAD, Interface, Mouse navigation, Selection methods, Object name, Preferences, Workbenches, Document structure, Properties, Help FreeCAD, Donate
- Help: Tutorials, Video tutorials
- Workbenches: Std Base, Assembly, BIM, CAM, Draft, FEM, Inspection, Material, Mesh, OpenSCAD, Part, PartDesign, Points, Reverse Engineering, Robot, Sketcher, Spreadsheet, Surface, TechDraw, Test Framework
- Hubs: User hub, Power users hub, Developer hub