CAM: Powierzchnia 3D

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This page is a translated version of the page CAM Surface and the translation is 13% complete.
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Path: Powierzchnia 3D

Lokalizacja w menu
CAM → Powierzchnia 3D
Środowisko pracy
CAM
Domyślny skrót
brak
Wprowadzono w wersji
0.19
Zobacz także
brak

Opis

Narzędzie to tworzy nową operację Powierzchnia 3D , która jest w stanie wygenerować ścieżki G-code dla całej górnej powierzchni modelu 3D (lub jest w stanie pracować z wybranymi ścianami) i pozwala na omijanie ścian. Operacja ta oferuje wiele wzorców skrawania: Line, Zygzak, Okrągły, Okrągły Zygzak, Przesunięcie i Spirala (podobny do wzorca adaptacyjnego). Od wersji 0.19 operacja ta oferuje wiele dostosowań umożliwiających zwiększenie wydajności.

Operacja Powierzchnia 3D jest zdolna również do generowania podstawowych obrotowych ścieżek powierzchni 3D. Możliwości rotacyjne są ograniczone do całego modelu i nie pozwalają na izolowanie konkretnych ścian lub regionów. Ścieżki obrotowe są również ograniczone do wzorów skrawania liniowego.

Narzędzie powierzchni 3D jest połączone z OCL.pyd, zewnętrznym modułem Open Source o nazwie OpenCamLib, który generuje ścieżki narzędzia z modelu 3D. Biblioteka OpenCamLib nie jest zintegrowana bezpośrednio z programem FreeCAD.

Note: In order to use the 3D Surface operation you must:

  1. Properly install OpenCamLib.
  2. Enable Experimental Features for the CAM Workbench.
  3. Check Edit → Preferences... → CAM → Advanced → Enable OCL dependent features.

Usage

Usage instructions for multiple variations of the 3D Surface operation are presented here.

Basic Operation

  1. Press the 3D Surface icon, or select CAM → 3D Surface from the dropdown menu.
  2. Select the tool controller for the Operation from the Tool controller dialogue pop up window, if presented.
  3. In the Base Geometry tab, select any specific faces you wish to focus on and/or avoid for the operation.
  4. Adjust the operation depths as needed in the Depths tab: Start Depth, Finish Depth, Step Down.
  5. Make adjustments in Heights tab if needed.
  6. Configure settings in the Operations tab as needed:
    • Choose your Coolant Mode.
    • Choose the BoundBox: Stock or BaseBoundBox
    • Set the Scan Type for the operation: Planar or Rotational
    • Select the Layer Mode for the operation: Single-pass or Multi-pass
      1. Single-pass is for a finishing pass
      2. Multi-pass could be used for clearing in combination with the use of Depth Offset to leave a thin surface layer for a finish pass
    • Add additional BoundBox Extra Offset to X and Y as desired (Rotational scans only)
    • Set the Drop Cutter Direction: X or Y. This is the linear direction the cutter(spindle) will travel. (Rotational scans only)
    • Add a Depth Offset value if you wish to leave a specified thickness of material on the surface, for say a final finish pass
    • Set the Sample Interval used for the OCL scan.
    • Set the Step Over value as a percentage of the diameter of the Tool.
    • Check the Use Start Point box if you wish to provide a start point for the operation in the properties view of the data tab for the operation.
    • Boundary Enforcement is enabled by default. This forces the cutter to remain inside the boundaries of the feature geometry for the operation, like a pocketing operation. Disable to allow the cutter to extend to the outside of the feature geometry. The Boundary Adjustment property supersedes this property.
    • Optimize Linear Paths is enabled by default. Disabling will yield a longer gcode result and likely increase cut time.
  7. If you wish to preview the result before accepting the settings, click Apply
  8. Click OK button to confirm and generate paths.

To achieve different, or more complex, effects, adjust additional operation properties within the Data tab of the Properties View for the operation.

Rotational Scans (4th-axis)

  1. Initiate a Basic Operation as described above and set the Scan Type to Rotational.
  2. Note: Face selection is unavailable for Rotational scans, so changes to Base Geometry are ignored.
  3. Locate the Data tab and Properties View for the new 3D Surface operation. A Rotation section should be available with additional properties to adjust, listed below.
    It is recommended that you set the desired rotation properties all at once before recomputing. This is done by clicking the ENTER key immediately after changing a property setting. This process will allow you to change and save multiple properties before recomputing the operation.
  4. Adjust the following settings as needed:
    • Set DANECutter Tilt to the offset index(angle) [0-90]. (Used for ball mill cutters)
    • Change DANEDrop Cutter Dir to the axis of travel for the cutter(spindle).
    • Change DANEDrop Cutter Extra Offset to extend the BoundBox in the X and Y directions.
    • Set DANERotation Axis to the desired axis.
    • Adjust DANEStart Index to start index(angle) [0-360].
    • Adjust DANEStop Index to stop index(angle) [0-360].
  5. Click the Refresh icon in the tool bar.
  6. Wait for the results...
Notes About Rotational Scans
  • Rotational scans require much more time and processing than Planar scans. Factors affecting processing time include: Sample Interval, Step Over, tool diameter, and model size. Again, rotational scans can take a long time. Some might take 3, 5 or 10 minutes or longer.
  • For time purposes, it is better that you not recompute a rotational scan after every property change; rather, consider one of the following:
    • use the ' change all settings with ENTER key ' technique mentioned in Step 2 above, then Refresh the operation.
    • deactivate the operation with the Active toggle tool, make your changes to the operation's properties, then click the Active icon again to re-activate the operation - which triggers a recompute internally.
  • The 3D Surface operation is still considered an experimental feature as of 2019-06-25. As such, it may contain a few bugs yet to be clearly identified. Please report bugs and issues in the FreeCAD Path/CAM Forum.
  • The built in CAM Simulator does NOT support 4th-axis simulation. You will need to use a third party simulator to inspect or verify paths visually. See the Resources section below for suggestions.
  • You will likely see red rotational lines around your model in the viewport. This is normal in FreeCAD for the time being.
Notes About Scans of complex models

Excessively long processing times (longer than 10 minutes) can occur when processing large complex models. In addition to the factors already mentioned the following steps could help identify potential causes and solutions.

Low Memory
Check how much memory is available while the scan is running using a tool such as the Windows Task Manager, Memory tab. If more than 90% of memory is consistently being used then a small Linear Deflection parameter could be generating a mesh that is too large for the available memory.
To confirm this ...

  1. Create a new 3D Surface operation.
  2. Switch to the Model tab and increase the DANELinear Deflection value. For example change from 2.5um to 20um
  3. Switch back to the Tasks tab to complete setting up the operation.
  4. Click OK button to confirm and generate paths.

To make this value the default for all new 3D Surface operations, change the GeometryTolerance parameter.
Tools → Edit Parameters ... → Preferences → Mod → CAM → GeometryTolerance .
Note as of version 0.19 the DANELinear Deflection default = GeometryTolerance / 4

Invalid Geometry
If a model contains invalid geometry the scanning time can increase significantly. A model can be checked using the Part CheckGeometry function in Part Workbench.
To run the tool:

  1. Switch to the Part Workbench and select the model to check
  2. Click on the Part CheckGeometry button available in the Part workbench toolbar OR use the Part → Check geometry entry from the top menu.
  3. Click the Run Check button and review the results.

If the results includes items like BOPAlgo SelfIntersect then the geometry is invalid and should be corrected by adjusting the model.
(Hint: Boolean operations and Loft commands can sometimes introduce Self Intersections)

Available Tool (Cutter) Shapes

This 3D Surface op currently uses OpenCamLib to extract paths from the part base. As such, a tool setting translation is required between the FreeCAD tool controller and OCL in order to complete the scan with your chosen tool(cutter) shape.

These tool shapes are respected and available for this 3D Surface operation:

  • End mill
  • Ball end mill
  • Bull nose end mill
  • Chamfer bit
  • Engraver

Should you choose to run the path simulator in the CAM Workbench, it only uses the standard end mill to simulate paths. Therefore, you will not see tool-shape-specific material removal. Material removal is shown using the end mill shape.

NOTE: As of May 2019, only the End Mill has any type of testing to determine accuracy of the FreeCAD-to-OCL tool settings translation. Please post any feedback for non-end-mill usage to the Path/CAM section in the FreeCAD forums.

Properties: Version 0.19

Note : Not all of these Properties are available in the Task Window Editor. Some are only accessible in the Data tab of the Properties View panel for this Operation.

Base

Note: It is suggested that you do not edit the Placement property of path operations. Rather, move or rotate the CAM Job model as needed.

  • DANEPlacement: Overall placement [position and rotation] of the object - with respect to the origin (or origin of parent object container)
    • DANEAngle: Angle in degrees applied to rotation of the object around Axis property value
    • DANEAxis: Axis (one or multiple) around which to rotate the object, set in sub-properties: X, Y, Z
      • DANEX: X axis value
      • DANEY: Y axis value
      • DANEZ: Z axis value
    • DANEPosition: Position of the object, set in sub-properties: X, Y, Z - with respect to the origin (or origin of parent object container)
      • DANEX: X distance value
      • DANEY: Y distance value
      • DANEZ: Z distance value
  • DANELabel: User-provided name of the object (UTF-8)

Clearing Options

  • DANEBound Box: Should the operation be limited by the stock object or by the bounding box of the base object
  • DANECut Mode: The direction that the toolpath should go around the part: Climb(ClockWise) or Conventional(CounterClockWise)
  • DANECut Pattern: Clearing pattern to use
  • DANECut Pattern Reversed: Reverse the cut order of the stepover paths. For circular cut patterns, begin at the outside and work toward the center
  • DANEDepth Offset: Z-axis offset from the surface of the object
  • DANELayer Mode: The completion mode for the operation: single or multi-pass
  • DANEPattern Center At: Choose location of the center point for starting the cut pattern
  • DANEPattern Center Custom: Set the start point for the cut pattern
  • DANEProfile Edges: Profile the edges of the selection. There are the following options (images can be seen in this forum post: https://forum.freecad.org/viewtopic.php?p=676452#p676452):
    • DANENone: Don't create a profile
    • DANEOnly: Create only a profile and no inner paths
    • DANEFirst: Start with the profile and then do the rest
    • DANELast: Start with the rest and then do the profile
  • DANESample Interval: The Sample Interval. Small values cause long wait times
  • DANEStep Over: Step over percentage of the drop cutter path

Depth

  • DANEClearance Height: The height needed to clear clamps and obstructions
  • DANEFinal Depth: Final Depth of Tool- lowest value in Z
  • DANESafe Height: The above which Rapid motions are allowed.
  • DANEStart Depth: Starting Depth of Tool- first cut depth in Z
  • DANEStep Down: Incremental Step Down of Tool

Mesh Conversion

  • DANEAngular Deflection: Smaller values yield a finer, more accurate mesh. Smaller values increase processing time a lot
  • DANELinear Deflection: Smaller values yield a finer, more accurate mesh. Smaller values do not increase processing time much but can increase memory comsumption

Optimization

  • DANECircular Use G2 G3: Convert co-planar arcs to G2/G3 gcode commands for `Circular` and `CircularZigZag` cut patterns
  • DANEGap Sizes: Feedback: three smallest gaps identified in the path geometry
  • DANEGap Threshold: Collinear and co-radial artifact gaps that are smaller than this threshold are closed in the path
  • DANEOptimize Linear Paths: Enable optimization of linear paths (co-linear points). Removes unnecessary co-linear points from G-Code output
  • DANEOptimize Step Over Transitions: Enable separate optimization of transitions between, and breaks within, each step over path

Path

  • DANEActive: Make False, to prevent operation from generating code
  • DANEBase: The base geometry for this operation
  • DANEComment: An optional comment for this Operation
  • DANECoolant Mode: Coolant mode for this operation
  • DANECycle Time: Operations Cycle Time Estimation
  • DANETool Controller: Defines the Tool controller used in the Operation
  • DANEUser Label: User assigned label

Rotation

  • DANECutter Tilt: Set the cutter (spindle) tilt angle.
  • DANEDrop Cutter Dir: The direction along which dropcutter lines are created
  • DANEDrop Cutter Extra Offset: Additional offset to the selected bounding box - use sub-properties to set values
    • DANEX: X distance value
    • DANEY: Y distance value
    • DANEZ: Z distance value
  • DANERotation Axis: Set the axis for model rotation.
  • DANEStart Index: Start index(angle) for rotation
  • DANEStop Index: Stop index(angle) for rotation

Selected Geometry Settings

  • DANEAvoid Last X Faces: Avoid cutting the last 'N' faces in the Base Geometry list of selected faces
  • DANEAvoid Last X Internal Features: Do not cut internal features on avoided faces
  • DANEBoundary Adjustment: Positive values push the cutter toward, or beyond, the boundary. Negative values retract the cutter away from the boundary
  • DANEBoundary Enforcement: If true, the cutter will remain inside the boundaries of the model or selected face(s)
  • DANEHandle Multiple Features: Choose how to process multiple Base Geometry features
  • DANEInternal Features Adjustment: Positive values push the cutter toward, or into, the feature. Negative values retract the cutter away from the feature
  • DANEInternal Features Cut: Cut internal feature areas within a larger selected face

Start Point

  • DANEStart Point: The custom start point for the path of this operation, set in sub-properties: X, Y, Z
    • DANEX: X axis value
    • DANEY: Y axis value
    • DANEZ: Z axis value
  • DANEUse Start Point: Make True, if specifying a Start Point

Surface

  • DANEScan Type: Planar: Flat, 3D surface scan. Rotational: 4th-axis rotational scan.

Waste

  • DANEIgnore Waste: Ignore areas that proceed below specified depth.
  • DANEIgnore Waste Depth: Depth used to identify waste areas to ignore.
  • DANERelease From Waste: Cut through waste to depth at model edge, releasing the model.

Tasks Window Editor Layout

Descriptions for the settings are provided in the Properties list above.

This section is simply a layout map of the settings in the window editor for the Operation.

Base Location

  • Base Geometry import selection: Use this list to select Base Geometry to be imported from the selected, existing operation
  • Import: Imports the selected operation's Base Geometry into the current operations Base Geometry list
  • Base Geometry list for current operation: List of Base Geometry for current operation, if any selected
  • Add: Adds selected element(s) which should be the base(s) for the path(s)
  • Remove: Remove the selected item(s) in the Base Location list
  • Edit: Clear all items in the Base Location list

Depth

  • DANEStart Depth
  • DANEFinal Depth
  • DANEStep Down

Height

  • DANESafe Height
  • DANEClearance Height

Operation

  • DANETool Controller
  • DANECoolant Mode
  • DANEBoundBox
  • DANEScan Type
  • DANELayer Mode
  • DANEBoundBox extra offset X
  • DANEBoundBox extra offset Y
  • DANEDrop Cutter Direction
  • DANEDepth Offset
  • DANEStep Over
  • DANESample Interval
  • DANEOptimize Output Enabled
  • DANEUse Start Point
  • DANEBoundary Enforcement
  • DANEOptimize Linear Paths

Resources