FEM CalculiX
Introduction
Introduzione
Questa pagina raccoglie le informazioni sul risolutore di elementi finiti CalculiX, il risolutore predefinito per l'analisi strutturale e termo-meccanica nell'ambiente FEM a partire da FreeCAD 0.17. A seconda del sistema operativo su cui si sta lavorando, è necessario installare CalculiX prima di eseguire la prima simulazione. Si prega di consultare Installare FEM.
Il risolutore è in grado di eseguire calcoli lineari e non lineari, per problemi statici, dinamici e termici. Il risolutore funziona su un file di input Abaqus (.inp), il che significa che può essere utilizzato con diversi pre-processori che supportano questo formato. Il programma include un proprio preprocessore grafico che, tuttavia, non viene utilizzato da FreeCAD, ma solo dal risolutore.
CalculiX è progettato per funzionare su piattaforme Unix come Linux e Irix ma anche su MS-Windows. CalculiX è stato sviluppato dagli ingegneri di MTU Aero Engines, Monaco di Baviera, Germania, per assisterli nella progettazione di macchinari come le turbine a getto. Il software è attualmente rilasciato al pubblico secondo i termini della GPL versione 2.
Integration with FreeCAD
Integrazione con FreeCAD
L'interazione tra l'ambiente FEM e CalculiX avviene attraverso la scrittura e la lettura di file di testo. La sequenza delle operazioni è la seguente:
- Viene creato un file di input CalculiX con i dettagli necessari per eseguire la simulazione.
- Viene avviato il risolutore CalculiX con questo file di input.
- Viene registrato l'output del solutore.
- Vengono letti i file di output del risolutore, se disponibili.
Lo strumento FEM Control Solver gestisce l'intero processo. L'interazione dell'utente nel processo è possibile.
Preprocessing interface
Interfaccia di Pre-processo
Il file di input che CalculiX utilizza può essere preparato e modificato prima dell'avvio del solver. Le unità utilizzate nel file di input sono indipendenti dalle unità impostate in FreeCAD; sono sempre millimetri (mm) e Newton (N).
L'interfaccia di CalculiX supporta i seguenti oggetti:
Finite elements
Elementi FEM
- Tet4 and Tet10
- S3 and S6
- B31 and B32
- e quelli descritti in FEM Mesh CalculiX
More details about the supported CalculiX elements can be found on the FEM Mesh CalculiX page.
Analysis
Analisi
- Analisi statica lineare
- Analisi delle frequenze
- Analisi termo-strutturale accoppiata
Materials
Materiali
- Materiale isotropo elastico lineare (uniforme in tutte le direzioni)
- Materiale multiplo è in fase di sviluppo
Postprocessing interface
Interfaccia di post-processo
L'ambiente FEM può leggere lo stress risultante (Von Mises) e tutti gli spostamenti.
These objects show color maps without legend, but minimum and maximum values can be read from the task panel. Units shown there are adjusted based on the values (e.g. GPa for large stresses, mm for small displacements and so on). FreeCAD reads the results from the *.frd file which was created by CalculiX. If these results contain multiple time steps, each time step is imported to FreeCAD as a new result object. The same behavior applies for Frequency or Buckling analysis with multiple eigenvalues. Each result object contains the mode number or buckling factor value in its name and the DatiEigenmode Frequency property shows the corresponding natural frequency.
The legacy CalculiX implementation also creates a multi-frame "Pipeline_CCX_Results" results pipeline object. The units there are currently inconsistent - the input SI(mm) system is used for most outputs apart from displacements (meters) and stresses (Pascals). So, for example, heat flux units are mW/mm^2.
Results available in the legacy CalculiX solver's pipeline object are:
- Displacement [m]
- Displacement magnitude [m]
- Tresca stress [Pa]
- Strain xx, xy, xz, yy, yz and zz components [-]
- Stress xx, xy, xz, yy, yz and zz components [Pa]
- Major, intermediate and minor principal stress [Pa]
- Von Mises stress [Pa]
- Critical strain ratio - for analyses with nonlinear (plastic) materials [-]
- Equivalent plastic strain - for analyses with nonlinear (plastic) materials [-]
- Major, intermediate and minor principal stress vector - for analyses with reinforced materials [-]
- Mohr-Coulomb stress - for analyses with reinforced materials [Pa]
- Reinforcement ratio x,y,z - for analyses with reinforced materials [-]
- Mass flow rate - for 1D fluid networks [tonne/s]
- Network pressure - for 1D fluid networks [Pa]
- Heat flux - for thermomechanical analyses [mW/mm^2]
- Temperature - for thermomechanical analyses [K]
The refactored CalculiX implementation ("SolverCalculiX" object created if the "Result object" preference is enabled) creates only a multi-frame "SolverCalculiXResult" results pipeline object. The units there are consistent with input SI(mm) units so displacements are in mm, stresses in MPa, heat flux in mW/mm^2 and so on.
Results available in the refactored CalculiX solver's pipeline object are:
- Displacement components and magnitude [mm]
- Stress components and magnitude [MPa]
- Strain components and magnitude [-]
- Error [-]
- Major, intermediate and minor principal stress [MPa]
- Major, intermediate and minor principal stress direction [-]
- Von Mises stress [MPa]
- Tresca stress [MPa]
- Maximum absolute principal stress [MPa]
- Heat flux components and magnitude - for thermomechanical analyses [mw/mm^2]
- Temperature - for thermomechanical analyses [K]
- Equivalent plastic strain - for analyses with nonlinear (plastic) materials [-]
- Mass flow rate (MF) - for 1D fluid networks [tonne/s]
- Network pressure (PS) - for 1D fluid networks [MPa]
- Potential - for electrostatic analyses [mV]
- Electric flux density - for electrostatic analyses [C/mm^2]
Reaction forces can be found in ccx_dat_file which contains reaction force components (fx, fy, fz) for each fixed boundary condition and for each displacement boundary condition which constrains translation degrees of freedom. Displacements, reaction forces and moments are also printed there for degrees of freedom constrained at rigid body constraint reference nodes.
The same file contains eigenvalue output for frequency analyses and buckling factor for buckling analyses.
Related
- FEM Mesh CalculiX
- CalculiX page in the FEM Workbench preferences
- Materials: Solid Material, Fluid Material, Non-Linear Mechanical Material, Reinforced Material (Concrete); Material Editor
- Element Geometry: Beam Cross Section, Beam Rotation, Shell Plate Thickness, Fluid Section for 1D Flow
- Electromagnetic Boundary Conditions: Electrostatic Potential Boundary Condition, Current Density Boundary Condition, Magnetization Boundary Condition, Electric Charge Density
- Fluid Boundary Conditions: Initial Flow Velocity Condition, Initial Pressure Condition, Flow Velocity Boundary Condition
- Geometrical Analysis Features: Plane Multi-Point Constraint, Section Print Feature, Local Coordinate System
- Mechanical Boundary Conditions and Loads: Fixed Boundary Condition, Rigid Body Constraint, Displacement Boundary Condition, Contact Constraint, Tie Constraint, Spring Boundary Condition, Force Load, Pressure Load, Centrifugal Load, Gravity Load
- Thermal Boundary Conditions and Loads: Initial Temperature, Heat Flux Load, Temperature Boundary Condition, Body Heat Source
- Overwrite Constants: Constant Vacuum Permittivity
- Mesh: Mesh From Shape by Netgen, Mesh From Shape by Gmsh, Mesh Boundary Layer, Mesh Refinement, Mesh Group, Erase Elements, FEM Mesh to Mesh
- Solve: Solver CalculiX, Solver Elmer, Solver Mystran, Solver Z88; Mechanical Equations: Elasticity Equation, Deformation Equation; Electromagnetic Equations: Electrostatic Equation, Electricforce Equation, Magnetodynamic Equation, Magnetodynamic 2D Equation, Static Current Equation; Flow Equation, Flux Equation, Heat Equation, Solver Job Control, Run Solver
- Results: Purge Results, Show Result, Apply Changes to Pipeline, Post Pipeline From Result, Pipeline Branch, Warp Filter, Scalar Clip Filter, Function Cut Filter, Region Clip Filter, Contours Filter, Glyph Filter, Line Clip Filter, Stress Linearization Plot, Data at Point Clip Filter, Calculator Filter; Filter Functions: Plane, Sphere, Cylinder, Box; Data Visualizations: Create Lineplot, Create Histogram, Create Table
- Utilities: Clipping Plane on Face, Remove All Clipping Planes, FEM Examples; Clear FEM Mesh, Display Mesh Info
- Additional: Preferences; FEM Install, FEM Mesh, FEM Solver, FEM CalculiX, FEM Concrete; FEM Element Types