Plot MultiAxes tutorial/de: Difference between revisions
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{{TutorialInfo/de |
{{TutorialInfo/de |
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|Topic= |
|Topic=Arbeitsbereich Plot |
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|Level= |
|Level=Fortgeschrittene |
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|Time= |
|Time= |
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|Author= |
|Author= |
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|FCVersion= |
|FCVersion=0.19 |
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|Files= |
|Files= |
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}} |
}} |
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Please complete the [[Plot_Basic_tutorial|basic tutorial]] before starting with this tutorial. In this tutorial we will learn how to create and edit a multiaxes plot. You can learn more about the [[Plot_Workbench|Plot Workbench here]]. |
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[[Image:Plot_MultiAxes_Example.png|600px |
[[Image:Plot_MultiAxes_Example.png|600px]] |
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{{Caption|Multiaxes plot example}} |
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In |
In the image you can see the result that we will approximately obtain. Following this tutorial you will learn: |
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* How to create a multiaxes Plot from Python |
* How to create a multiaxes Plot from the [[Python_console|Python console]]. |
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* How to edit axes properties. |
* How to edit axes properties. |
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* How to control grid |
* How to control the grid and the legend when several axes sets are present. |
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* How to edit labels, titles and |
* How to edit the position of labels, titles and legends. |
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==Plotting data== |
==Plotting data== |
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As we did in [[Plot_Basic_tutorial|previous tutorial]] we will use the Python console or [[Macros|macros]] |
As we did in the [[Plot_Basic_tutorial|previous tutorial]] we will use the [[Python_console|Python console]] or [[Macros|macros]] to plot the data, but in this case we will plot the data using two axes sets. |
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===Creating plot data=== |
===Creating plot data=== |
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In this example we will plot 3 functions, the two |
In this example we will plot 3 functions, the two used in the [[Plot_Basic_tutorial|previous tutorial]], and a new polynomial one. The range of the polynomial function is different from the other functions therefore new axes are required. The next commands will create the data arrays for us: |
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<syntaxhighlight> |
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{{Code|code= |
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import math |
import math |
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p = range(0,1001) |
p = range(0,1001) |
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Line 33: | Line 37: | ||
s = [math.sin(math.pi*2.0*tt) for tt in t] |
s = [math.sin(math.pi*2.0*tt) for tt in t] |
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c = [math.cos(math.pi*2.0*tt) for tt in t] |
c = [math.cos(math.pi*2.0*tt) for tt in t] |
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}} |
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</syntaxhighlight> |
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As ''x'' moves from 0 to 2, ''y'' function has a maximum value of 4, so if we try to plot this function with trigonometrical ones, at least one function will be truncated or |
As ''x'' moves from 0 to 2, the ''y'' function has a maximum value of 4, so if we try to plot this function with the trigonometrical ones, at least one function will be truncated or badly scaled, therefore we we need a multiaxes plot. A multiaxes plot in FreeCAD is intended to get a plot with multiple axes, not to get multiple plots in the same document. |
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===Drawing functions, adding new axes=== |
===Drawing functions, adding new axes=== |
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We will draw polynomial function at main axes. If all your axes will have same size then is not relevant what function is ploted in what axes, but if your plot has axes with other size (as in this example), main axes must be the biggest one (because this axes have the white background). In order to do it we only need to launch a command |
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<syntaxhighlight> |
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import Plot |
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⚫ | |||
</syntaxhighlight> |
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⚫ | |||
We will plot the trigonometrical functions using the main axes. If all your axes have the same size it is not relevant which function is plotted first. But if this is not the case the function that uses the biggest axes, in our case the polynomial function, should be plotted last. The legend will be attached to the last axes system and it is more convenient if this is the biggest. To plot the trigonometrical functions we only need to launch some commands. |
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<syntaxhighlight> |
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{{Code|code= |
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try: |
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from FreeCAD.Plot import Plot |
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except ImportError: |
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from freecad.plot import Plot |
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Plot.plot(t,s,r"$\sin\left( 2 \pi t \right)$") |
Plot.plot(t,s,r"$\sin\left( 2 \pi t \right)$") |
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Plot.plot(t,c,r"$\cos\left( 2 \pi t \right)$") |
Plot.plot(t,c,r"$\cos\left( 2 \pi t \right)$") |
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}} |
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</syntaxhighlight> |
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{{Code|code= |
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}} |
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==Configuring plot== |
==Configuring plot== |
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===Configuring axes=== |
===Configuring axes=== |
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⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
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<center><span style="font-variant:small-caps">Axes configuration tool icon.</span></center> |
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[[Image:Plot_Axes.svg]] |
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The first thing that you can find in axes tool is the active axes selector. Since the active axes are the last one, active axes is placed at one. The axes tool, as labels tool, allows to set the active axes, allowing you to plot more data in the axes that you want (including add/remove axes). For the moment we will work over the selected axes, that are the associated to trigonometrical functions. |
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⚫ | |||
With the [[Plot_Axes|axes tool]] you can add or remove axes, and set the active axes, which are then used if you plot more data. |
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In the dimensions sliders, we will move left horizontal and bottom vertical sliders (try to emulate example) in order to reduce axes size. Then we can set the axes alignement, changing it to top and right, and setting and small offset of two units. |
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To change the size of the first axes set, associated with the trigonometrical functions, it has to be activated first by changing the active axes from 1 to 0. We can then move the horizontal and vertical dimension sliders to reduce its size (try to emulate the example). We also need to change the alignment of the axes: select top and right respectively. |
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===Configuring series=== |
===Configuring series=== |
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Set series properties as we did in [[Plot_Basic_tutorial|previous tutorial]]. |
Set the series properties as we did in the [[Plot_Basic_tutorial|previous tutorial]]. |
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===Showing grid and legend=== |
===Showing grid and legend=== |
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⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
Regarding grid lines, you can show lines for each axes set, for example, if you try to show grid now you will show only the grid of the trigonometrical functions, so in order to show the grid of polynomial function plot you needs to change active axes to 0 (using axes configuration tool) before using grid tool another time (Is possible that you need to press two times the tool). |
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Grid lines are added to the active axes set. To add lines to the second axes set in our example, it has to be activated first by changing the active axes from 0 to 1 in the [[Plot_Axes|axes tool]]. |
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Regarding legend, the legend will be the same for both axes, so you can choose the axes that you want in order to show the legend, but is strongly recommended to use the biggest ones (0 in this example) because position will be refered to this axes coordinates. If you show the legend you can see that is really bad placed, we will fix this problem later. |
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As already mentioned the legend will be positioned relative last axes set. If you show the legend now you will see that it is really badly placed, but we will fix that later. |
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===Setting axes labels=== |
===Setting axes labels=== |
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You can set axes labels with same tool used in [[Plot_Basic_tutorial|previous tutorial]], with the difference that now you have more axes. Since axes labels is ussually set as one per axis, is not a significant difference, but [[Plot_Module|FreeCAD Plot module]] allow you to set a title by axes too. In this case we only wants to set title to main axes, so set: |
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When it comes to setting the axes [[Plot_Labels|labels]] we again have to deal with our two axes sets. But since labels are usually set for all axes, the procedure is the same as described in the [[Plot_Basic_tutorial|previous tutorial]]. The [[Plot_Workbench|Plot Workbench]] allows you to set a title per axes set. In this case we only want to set a title for the last, the biggest, axes set. |
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'''Axes 0:''' |
'''Axes 0:''' |
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* Title = Multiaxes example |
* Title = Multiaxes example |
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* X Label = $x$ |
* X Label = $x$ |
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* Y Label = $\mathrm{f} \left( x \right)$ |
* Y Label = $\mathrm{f} \left( x \right)$ |
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⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
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Change the font size of all labels to 20, and the font size of the title to 24. Again there is an element, the title, that is badly placed. |
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Set also 20 to fontsize for all but title, that uses a fontsize of 24. As happens with legend, title is bad placed, interseting with second axes set, so we need to solve both problems. |
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===Setting elements position=== |
===Setting elements position=== |
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<center><span style="font-variant:small-caps">Position editor icon.</span></center> |
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⚫ | When you run the tool you see a list |
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{{Caption|Position editor icon}} |
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⚫ | When you run the tool you will see a list of all editable elements. Titles and legends can be moved in both directions, but axis labels can only be moved along the axis they belong to. Select the title of axes 1 and move it to (0.24,1.01), then select the legend and move it to a better position. You can increase the font size of the legend labels as well. |
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{{Plot_Tools_navi{{#translation:}}}} |
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{{clear}} |
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{{Userdocnavi{{#translation:}}}} |
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[[Category:External_Workbenches{{#translation:}}]] |
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[[Category:Addons{{#translation:}}]] |
Latest revision as of 13:00, 14 April 2023
Tutorium |
Thema |
---|
Arbeitsbereich Plot |
Niveau |
Fortgeschrittene |
Zeit zum Abschluss |
Autoren |
FreeCAD-Version |
0.19 |
Beispieldateien |
Siehe auch |
None |
Please complete the basic tutorial before starting with this tutorial. In this tutorial we will learn how to create and edit a multiaxes plot. You can learn more about the Plot Workbench here.
Multiaxes plot example
In the image you can see the result that we will approximately obtain. Following this tutorial you will learn:
- How to create a multiaxes Plot from the Python console.
- How to edit axes properties.
- How to control the grid and the legend when several axes sets are present.
- How to edit the position of labels, titles and legends.
Plotting data
As we did in the previous tutorial we will use the Python console or macros to plot the data, but in this case we will plot the data using two axes sets.
Creating plot data
In this example we will plot 3 functions, the two used in the previous tutorial, and a new polynomial one. The range of the polynomial function is different from the other functions therefore new axes are required. The next commands will create the data arrays for us:
import math
p = range(0,1001)
x = [2.0*xx/1000.0 for xx in p]
y = [xx**2.0 for xx in x]
t = [tt/1000.0 for tt in p]
s = [math.sin(math.pi*2.0*tt) for tt in t]
c = [math.cos(math.pi*2.0*tt) for tt in t]
As x moves from 0 to 2, the y function has a maximum value of 4, so if we try to plot this function with the trigonometrical ones, at least one function will be truncated or badly scaled, therefore we we need a multiaxes plot. A multiaxes plot in FreeCAD is intended to get a plot with multiple axes, not to get multiple plots in the same document.
Drawing functions, adding new axes
We will plot the trigonometrical functions using the main axes. If all your axes have the same size it is not relevant which function is plotted first. But if this is not the case the function that uses the biggest axes, in our case the polynomial function, should be plotted last. The legend will be attached to the last axes system and it is more convenient if this is the biggest. To plot the trigonometrical functions we only need to launch some commands.
try:
from FreeCAD.Plot import Plot
except ImportError:
from freecad.plot import Plot
Plot.plot(t,s,r"$\sin\left( 2 \pi t \right)$")
Plot.plot(t,c,r"$\cos\left( 2 \pi t \right)$")
In this example we pass the series labels for the legend directly. Note that the label strings have the r prefix in order to prevent Python from trying to interpret special characters (the \ symbol is used frequently in LaTeX syntax).
Before we can plot the polynomial function, we need to create new axes. In the Plot Workbench new axes are automatically selected as the active ones, and new plots will be associated with these axes.
Plot.addNewAxes()
Plot.plot(x,y,r"$x^2$")
As you can see your plot has gone crazy, with axes ticks overlapping, curves of the same color, etc. Now we need to use the Plot Workbench to fix this graph.
Configuring plot
Configuring axes
The Plot Workbench provides a tool to modify the properties of axes.
Axes configuration tool icon
With the axes tool you can add or remove axes, and set the active axes, which are then used if you plot more data.
To change the size of the first axes set, associated with the trigonometrical functions, it has to be activated first by changing the active axes from 1 to 0. We can then move the horizontal and vertical dimension sliders to reduce its size (try to emulate the example). We also need to change the alignment of the axes: select top and right respectively.
Configuring series
Set the series properties as we did in the previous tutorial.
Showing grid and legend
The grid and legend can be shown, and hidden, with the tools already described in the previous tutorial, but in this case the behavior is a little different because there are two axes sets.
Grid lines are added to the active axes set. To add lines to the second axes set in our example, it has to be activated first by changing the active axes from 0 to 1 in the axes tool.
As already mentioned the legend will be positioned relative last axes set. If you show the legend now you will see that it is really badly placed, but we will fix that later.
Setting axes labels
When it comes to setting the axes labels we again have to deal with our two axes sets. But since labels are usually set for all axes, the procedure is the same as described in the previous tutorial. The Plot Workbench allows you to set a title per axes set. In this case we only want to set a title for the last, the biggest, axes set.
Axes 0:
- X Label = $t$
- Y Label = $\mathrm{f} \left( t \right)$
Axes 1:
- Title = Multiaxes example
- X Label = $x$
- Y Label = $\mathrm{f} \left( x \right)$
Change the font size of all labels to 20, and the font size of the title to 24. Again there is an element, the title, that is badly placed.
Setting elements position
The Plot Workbench provides a tool to change the position of several plot elements, such as as titles, labels and legends.
Position editor icon
When you run the tool you will see a list of all editable elements. Titles and legends can be moved in both directions, but axis labels can only be moved along the axis they belong to. Select the title of axes 1 and move it to (0.24,1.01), then select the legend and move it to a better position. You can increase the font size of the legend labels as well.
Saving plot
Now you can save your work. See the previous tutorial if you don't remember how to do it.
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