Draft DXF/cs: Difference between revisions
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{{Docnav |
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|[[Draft_Preferences|Preferences]] |
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|[[Draft_SVG|SVG]] |
|[[Draft_SVG|Scalable Vector Graphics .SVG]] |
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|[[Draft_Module|Draft |
|[[Draft_Module|Draft]] |
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{{TOCright}} |
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{{GuiCommand |
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|Name=Draft DXF |
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|MenuLocation={{StdMenu|[[Std File Menu|File]]}} → Export → Autodesk DXF 2D (*.dxf) |
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|Workbenches=[[Draft Workbench|Draft]] |
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|Shortcut={{KEY|Ctrl}}+{{KEY|E}} |
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|SeeAlso=[[FreeCAD and DXF Import]], [[FreeCAD and DWG Import]] |
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|Empty=1 |
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}} |
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== |
==Description== |
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{{Emphasis|See also:}} [[FreeCAD and DXF Import|FreeCAD and DXF Import]] and [[FreeCAD and DWG Import|FreeCAD and DWG Import]]. |
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Draft DXF is a software module used by the [[File:Std_Open.svg|24px]] [[Std_Open|Std Open]], [[File:Std_Import.svg|24px]] [[Std_Import|Std Import]] and [[File:Std_Export.svg|24px]] [[Std_Export|Std Export]] commands to handle the DXF file format. |
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This function opens a [[DXF|DXF]] file, any version from 12 to 2007, to a new document. |
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Two importers are available, which one is used can be specified under {{MenuCommand|Edit → Preferences... → Import-Export → DXF}}. One is built-in, C++-based and fast, the other is legacy, coded in Python, slower, and requires the installation of an add-on, but can handle some entities better and can create more refined FreeCAD objects. Both support all DXF versions starting from R12. |
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The following DXF object types are currently supported: |
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3D solids inside a DXF file are stored under a binary ACIS/SAT blob, which at the moment cannot be read by FreeCAD. |
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===C++ importer=== |
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This importer can import the following DXF objects: |
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* lines |
* lines |
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* polylines and lwpolylines |
* polylines (and lwpolylines) |
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* circles |
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* arcs |
* arcs |
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* circles |
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* layers (layers containing objects are converted to FreeCAD Groups) |
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* ellipses |
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* splines |
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* points |
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* texts and mtexts |
* texts and mtexts |
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* dimensions |
* dimensions |
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* leaders |
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* blocks (only geometry. texts, dims and attributes inside blocks will be skipped) |
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* blocks (only geometry, texts, dimensions and attributes inside blocks are skipped) |
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* points {{Version|0.13}} |
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* layers |
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* leaders {{Version|0.13}} |
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* paper space objects |
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===Legacy importer=== |
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Other DXF entities are currently not imported because there is no corresponding FreeCAD object. As new functionality gets implemented, it will be possible to import more entity types. |
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This importer can import the following DXF objects: |
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== Installing == |
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* lines |
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* polylines (and lwpolylines) |
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{{Emphasis|Note:}} for licensing reasons, the [[DXF|DXF]] import/export libraries are not part of the FreeCAD source code anymore. For that reason, they must be installed by you, the user, after you install FreeCAD. There is a way to allow FreeCAD to do that automatically, or you can do it manually. |
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* arcs |
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* circles |
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=== Automatically === |
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* ellipses |
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* splines |
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Starting from version 0.15, you only need to mark the {{MenuCommand|Edit → Preferences → Import/Export → DXF/DWG → "Allow FreeCAD to automatically download the DXF libraries"}} option to have FreeCAD take automatically care of downloading and installing these libraries. For older versions, you will need to do it manually. |
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* 3D faces |
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* texts and mtexts |
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=== Manually === |
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* leaders |
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* layers |
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Libraries must be downloaded from https://github.com/yorikvanhavre/Draft-dxf-importer |
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There is a very complete step-by-step [[Dxf_Importer_Install|tutorial]] that will explain you the necessary steps. |
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<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> |
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===Importování=== |
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Pracuje stejným způsobem jako otevření, ale obsah DXF souboru se přidá do aktivního dokumentu místo zakládání nového dokumentu. |
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</div> |
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Tutorial: [[Dxf_Importer_Install|Dxf Importer Install]] |
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There are also two exporters. The legacy exporter exports to the R12 DXF format, the C++ exporter to the R14 DXF format. Both formats can be handled by many applications. |
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== Preferences == |
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===C++ exporter=== |
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<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> |
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===Předvolby=== |
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V záložce [[Draft Preferences|Předvoby kreslení]] (menu Úpravy -> Předvolby -> Kreslení) mohou být specifikovány následující parametry: |
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* Styl importu: Ten umožňuje vybrat způsob jak budou objekty z DXF souboru vykresleny ve FreeCADu. Výběr je mezi: |
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** Žádný: to je rychlejší způsob bez konverzí, všechny objekty budou černé se šířkou 2px (defaultně podle FreeCADu) |
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** Použít defaultní barvu a tloušťku čáry: všechny importované DXF objekty budou přebírat barvu a tloušťku čáry z příkazového pruhu kreslení |
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** Originální barvu a tloušťku čáry: Objektům zůstane barva a tloušťka čáry (pokud je specifikována) jakou mají v DXF souboru |
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** Barvy mapovány na tloušťku čáry: Je-li vybrána tato volba, bude využit mapovací soubor uvedený dále |
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* Mapovací soubor barev: Tato volba umožňuje specifikovat mapovací soubor, který bude využit pro transformaci DXF barev a tloušťek čar stejným způsobem jak funguje nákresový styl v Autocadu. Mapovací soubor musí být textový soubor s oddělovacím znakem tabelátorem. Existuje šikovná utilita nazvaná [http://www.noliturbare.com/TablePrintGUI.php Prohlížeč nákresového stylu], která může konvertovat soubory Autocadu CTB nebo STB (nákresové styly) do souboru s oddělovacími tabulátory, které jsou připraveny k použití ve FreeCADu. Existuje i druhá možnost využít připravené [[Draft_mapping_files|mapovací soubory]] dostupné zde. |
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* Import textů: To umožňuje specifikovat, zda chcete importovat DXF texty a kótování nebo ne. Mnoho textů může učinit práci ve FreeCADu velmi obtížnou, takže někdy se může tato volba docela hodit.. |
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* Import objektů rozložení: Zapnutím tohoto přepínače se importuje objekt prostoru papíru. Budou spojeny ve stejném dokumentu s objektem prostoru modelu. |
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</div> |
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Some of the features and limitations of this exporter are: |
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== Scripting == |
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* All FreeCAD 2D geometry is exported, except [[Draft_CubicBezCurve|Draft CubicBezCurves]], [[Draft_BezCurve|Draft BezCurves]] and [[Draft_Point|Draft Points]]. |
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{{Emphasis|See also:}} [[Draft API]] and [[FreeCAD Scripting Basics]]. |
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* Straight edges from faces of 3D objects are exported, but curved edges only if they are on a plane parallel to the XY plane of the global coordinate system. Note that a DXF created from 3D objects will contain duplicate lines. |
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* Texts and dimensions are not exported. |
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* Colors are ignored. |
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* Layers are mapped from object names. |
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===Legacy exporter=== |
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Some of the features and limitations of this exporter are: |
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* All FreeCAD 2D geometry is exported, except [[Draft_Point|Draft Points]]. But ellipses, B-splines and Bézier curves are not exported properly. |
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* 3D objects are exported as flattened 2D views. |
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* Compound objects are exported as blocks. |
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* Texts and dimensions are exported. |
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* The colors in the DXF are based on the line color of objects. Black is mapped to "ByBlock", other colors are mapped using AutoCAD Color Index (ACI) colors. |
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* Layers are mapped from layer and group names. When groups are nested, the deepest group gives the layer name. |
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==Installing== |
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For licensing reasons, the required [[DXF|DXF]] import/export libraries needed by the legacy version of the importer are not part of the FreeCAD source code. |
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For more information see: [[FreeCAD_and_DXF_Import|FreeCAD and DXF Import]]. |
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==Preferences== |
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See [[Import_Export_Preferences|Import Export Preferences]]. |
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== DWG == |
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Because the DWG format is a proprietary, closed and undocumented format it is hard for open-source projects like FreeCAD to support it. That is why FreeCAD relies on external converters to read and write DWG files. To import a DWG file a converter is used to create a DXF first, which can then be processed by the FreeCAD DXF importer. When exporting to DWG the opposite conversion happens: the DXF created by the FreeCAD DXF exporter is turned into a DWG. |
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Note that the DXF format allows a 1:1 conversion of the DWG format. All applications that can read and write DWG files can do the same with DXF files, with no data loss. So asking for DXF files instead of DWG files, and supplying DXF files in turn, should not cause any problems. |
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There is built-in support for the following DWG converters: |
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* [https://www.gnu.org/software/libredwg LibreDWG] (open-source, lacks support for some DWG entities). |
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* [https://www.opendesign.com/guestfiles/oda_file_converter ODA File Converter] (free). |
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* [https://qcad.org/en/qcad-command-line-tools#dwg2dwg QCAD pro] (commercial). {{Version|0.20}} |
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See [[Import_Export_Preferences#DWG|Import Export Preferences]] and [[FreeCAD_and_DWG_Import|FreeCAD and DWG Import]] for more information. |
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==Scripting== |
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See also: [https://freecad.github.io/SourceDoc/ Autogenerated API documentation] and [[FreeCAD Scripting Basics|FreeCAD Scripting Basics]]. |
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To export objects to DXF use the {{incode|export}} method of the importDXF module. |
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You can export elements to DXF by using the following function: |
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{{Code|code= |
{{Code|code= |
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importDXF.export(objectslist, filename, nospline=False, lwPoly=False) |
importDXF.export(objectslist, filename, nospline=False, lwPoly=False) |
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}} |
}} |
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* For the Windows OS: use a {{FileName|/}} (forward slash) as the path separator in {{Incode|filename}}. |
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Example: |
Example: |
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{{Code|code= |
{{Code|code= |
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import |
import FreeCAD as App |
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import Draft |
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import importDXF |
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doc = App.newDocument() |
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Polygon1 = Draft.makePolygon(3, radius=500) |
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Polygon2 = Draft.makePolygon(5, radius=1500) |
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polygon1 = Draft.make_polygon(3, radius=500) |
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objects = [Polygon1, Polygon2] |
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polygon2 = Draft.make_polygon(5, radius=1500) |
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doc.recompute() |
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objects = [polygon1, polygon2] |
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importDXF.export(objects, "/home/user/Pictures/myfile.dxf") |
importDXF.export(objects, "/home/user/Pictures/myfile.dxf") |
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}} |
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Latest revision as of 13:18, 4 November 2021
Description
Draft DXF is a software module used by the Std Open, Std Import and Std Export commands to handle the DXF file format.
Qcad drawing exported to DXF, which is subsequently opened in FreeCAD
Otevírání
Tato funkce otevírá soubory DXF (jakoukoliv verzi od 12 do 2007) v novém výkresu. V současné době jsou podporovány následující objekty DXF:
- přímky
- lomené čáry a lwpolylines
- kružnice
- oblouky
- vrstvy (vrstvy obsahující objekty jsou konvertovány do skupin FreeCADu)
- texty a mtexty
- kótování
- bloky (pouze konstrukce; texty, kóty a atributy uvnitř bloků jsou přeskočeny)
- body introduced in version 0.13
- vynášecí čáry introduced in version 0.13
Ostatní DXF entity nejsou v současné době importovány, protože zatím nejsou ve FreeCADU implementovány korespondující objekty. Jakmile budou implementovány nové funkcionality, bude pravděpodobně možné importovat více typů entit.
Two importers are available, which one is used can be specified under Edit → Preferences... → Import-Export → DXF. One is built-in, C++-based and fast, the other is legacy, coded in Python, slower, and requires the installation of an add-on, but can handle some entities better and can create more refined FreeCAD objects. Both support all DXF versions starting from R12.
3D solids inside a DXF file are stored under a binary ACIS/SAT blob, which at the moment cannot be read by FreeCAD.
C++ importer
This importer can import the following DXF objects:
- lines
- polylines (and lwpolylines)
- arcs
- circles
- ellipses
- splines
- points
- texts and mtexts
- dimensions
- leaders
- blocks (only geometry, texts, dimensions and attributes inside blocks are skipped)
- layers
- paper space objects
Legacy importer
This importer can import the following DXF objects:
- lines
- polylines (and lwpolylines)
- arcs
- circles
- ellipses
- splines
- 3D faces
- texts and mtexts
- leaders
- layers
Exportování
Exportovaný DXF je kompatibilní s Autocadem verze 12 a vyšší, takže by mělo být možné jej otevřít v jakékoliv aplikaci, která podporuje DXF formát. V současnosti jsou exportovány následující objekty FreeCADu:
- přímky a dráty (lomené čáry)
- oblouky a kružnice
- texty
- barvy jsou mapovány z RGB barev objektů na indexy barev Autocadu (ACI). Černá bude vždy "podle vrstvy"
- vrstvy jsou mapovány z názvů skupin. Jsou-li skupiny "zahnízděny" (skupina ve skupině), pak je jméno vrstvy podle nejhlubší skupiny.
- kóty, které jsou exportovány ve "Standardním" stylu kót
There are also two exporters. The legacy exporter exports to the R12 DXF format, the C++ exporter to the R14 DXF format. Both formats can be handled by many applications.
C++ exporter
Some of the features and limitations of this exporter are:
- All FreeCAD 2D geometry is exported, except Draft CubicBezCurves, Draft BezCurves and Draft Points.
- Straight edges from faces of 3D objects are exported, but curved edges only if they are on a plane parallel to the XY plane of the global coordinate system. Note that a DXF created from 3D objects will contain duplicate lines.
- Texts and dimensions are not exported.
- Colors are ignored.
- Layers are mapped from object names.
Legacy exporter
Some of the features and limitations of this exporter are:
- All FreeCAD 2D geometry is exported, except Draft Points. But ellipses, B-splines and Bézier curves are not exported properly.
- 3D objects are exported as flattened 2D views.
- Compound objects are exported as blocks.
- Texts and dimensions are exported.
- The colors in the DXF are based on the line color of objects. Black is mapped to "ByBlock", other colors are mapped using AutoCAD Color Index (ACI) colors.
- Layers are mapped from layer and group names. When groups are nested, the deepest group gives the layer name.
Installing
For licensing reasons, the required DXF import/export libraries needed by the legacy version of the importer are not part of the FreeCAD source code. For more information see: FreeCAD and DXF Import.
Preferences
See Import Export Preferences.
DWG
Because the DWG format is a proprietary, closed and undocumented format it is hard for open-source projects like FreeCAD to support it. That is why FreeCAD relies on external converters to read and write DWG files. To import a DWG file a converter is used to create a DXF first, which can then be processed by the FreeCAD DXF importer. When exporting to DWG the opposite conversion happens: the DXF created by the FreeCAD DXF exporter is turned into a DWG.
Note that the DXF format allows a 1:1 conversion of the DWG format. All applications that can read and write DWG files can do the same with DXF files, with no data loss. So asking for DXF files instead of DWG files, and supplying DXF files in turn, should not cause any problems.
There is built-in support for the following DWG converters:
- LibreDWG (open-source, lacks support for some DWG entities).
- ODA File Converter (free).
- QCAD pro (commercial). introduced in version 0.20
See Import Export Preferences and FreeCAD and DWG Import for more information.
Scripting
See also: Autogenerated API documentation and FreeCAD Scripting Basics.
To export objects to DXF use the export
method of the importDXF module.
importDXF.export(objectslist, filename, nospline=False, lwPoly=False)
- For the Windows OS: use a / (forward slash) as the path separator in
filename
.
Example:
import FreeCAD as App
import Draft
import importDXF
doc = App.newDocument()
polygon1 = Draft.make_polygon(3, radius=500)
polygon2 = Draft.make_polygon(5, radius=1500)
doc.recompute()
objects = [polygon1, polygon2]
importDXF.export(objects, "/home/user/Pictures/myfile.dxf")
- Drafting: Line, Polyline, Fillet, Arc, Arc by 3 points, Circle, Ellipse, Rectangle, Polygon, B-spline, Cubic Bézier curve, Bézier curve, Point, Facebinder, ShapeString, Hatch
- Annotation: Text, Dimension, Label, Annotation styles, Annotation scale
- Modification: Move, Rotate, Scale, Mirror, Offset, Trimex, Stretch, Clone, Array, Polar array, Circular array, Path array, Path link array, Point array, Point link array, Edit, Subelement highlight, Join, Split, Upgrade, Downgrade, Wire to B-spline, Draft to sketch, Set slope, Flip dimension, Shape 2D view
- Draft Tray: Select plane, Set style, Toggle construction mode, AutoGroup
- Snapping: Snap lock, Snap endpoint, Snap midpoint, Snap center, Snap angle, Snap intersection, Snap perpendicular, Snap extension, Snap parallel, Snap special, Snap near, Snap ortho, Snap grid, Snap working plane, Snap dimensions, Toggle grid
- Miscellaneous: Apply current style, Layer, Manage layers, Add a new named group, Move to group, Select group, Add to construction group, Toggle normal/wireframe display, Create working plane proxy, Heal, Show snap toolbar
- Additional: Constraining, Pattern, Preferences, Import Export Preferences, DXF/DWG, SVG, OCA, DAT
- Context menu:
- Layer container: Merge layer duplicates, Add new layer
- Layer: Activate this layer, Select layer contents
- Text: Open hyperlinks
- Wire: Flatten
- Working plane proxy: Write camera position, Write objects state
- Getting started
- Installation: Download, Windows, Linux, Mac, Additional components, Docker, AppImage, Ubuntu Snap
- Basics: About FreeCAD, Interface, Mouse navigation, Selection methods, Object name, Preferences, Workbenches, Document structure, Properties, Help FreeCAD, Donate
- Help: Tutorials, Video tutorials
- Workbenches: Std Base, Arch, Assembly, CAM, Draft, FEM, Inspection, Mesh, OpenSCAD, Part, PartDesign, Points, Reverse Engineering, Robot, Sketcher, Spreadsheet, Surface, TechDraw, Test Framework
- Hubs: User hub, Power users hub, Developer hub