刀路工作枱
簡介
FreeCAD刀路工作枱按如下工作流程創建這些機器指令:
General concepts
一般概念
刀路工作枱生成G-code,用於定義銑削產品的刀具運行路徑,產品外形通過刀路作業操作 FreeCAD G-Code指令模擬銑削後的3D數模所呈現,該G-code指令通過選擇適合的前置處理程序被轉換為適合目標CNC控制器的指令。 G-code由包含在刀路作業中的指令和操作生成。作業工作流將這些指令和操作按其執行順序列出。該列表通過添加刀路操作、刀路修剪、刀路分步命令和通過刀路菜單或者圖形界面按鈕刀路修改完成。
The G-code is generated from directives and Operations contained in a CAM Job. The Job Workflow lists these in the order they will be executed. The list is populated by adding CAM Operations, Path Dressups, Supplemental Commands, and Path Modifications from the CAM Menu, or GUI buttons.
刀路工作枱提供刀具管理器(庫,刀具表),G-code檢查和銑削模擬工具。它連接前置處理程序並允許導入和導出工作模板。
刀路工作枱的外部依賴包括:
- 在 編輯 → 首選項 → General → 單位標籤的單位設定中設置的FreeCAD的3D數模尺寸單位。前置處理程序設置定義了最終的G-code尺寸單位。
- 宏文件路徑和幾何公差在編輯 → 首選項 → 刀路 → 作業偏好設定標籤中設置.
- 顏色在編輯 → 首選項 → 刀路 → 刀路顏色標籤中設置.
- 持有標記參數在編輯 → 首選項 → 刀路 → 修剪標籤中設置.
- 基礎3D數模品質支持刀路WB需求,通過幾何體檢查。
Limitations
Some current limitations of which you should be aware are:
- Most of the CAM Tools are not true 3D tools but only 2.5D capable. This means that they take a fixed 2D shape and can cut it down to a given depth. However, there are two tools which produce true 3D paths: 3D Pocket and 3D Surface (which is still an experimental feature as of November 2020).
- Most of CAM workbench is designed for a simple, standard 3-axis (xyz) CNC mill/router, but lathe tools are under development in 0.19_pre.
- Most operations in CAM workbench will return paths based on a standard endmill tool/bit only, regardless of the tool/bit type assigned in a given tool controller with the exception of the Engrave and 3D Surface operations.
- The operations within the CAM workbench are not aware of clamping mechanisms in use to secure the model to your machine. Consequently, please review and simulate the paths you generate prior to sending the code to your machine. If necessary, model your clamping mechanisms in FreeCAD in order to better inspect the paths generated. Look for possible collisions with clamps or other obstacles along the paths.
單位
刀路工作枱中的單位處理可能會令人感到困惑。 有幾點需要了解:
- FreeCAD基本單位的長度和時間分別為'mm'和's'。 因此速度單位為'mm/s'。 這就是FreeCAD內部存儲的東西,與其他無關。
- 默認單位模式使用默認單位。如果您使用默認模式並輸入沒有單位給進率,則給進率的單位為'mm/s'
- 大多數數控機床都需要的進給速率為「mm/min」或「in/min」。 大多數後置處理程序會在生成G-code時自動轉換單位。
模式:
- 更改首選項中的模式會更改輸入字段的默認單位。 如果您是刀路工作枱用戶並且更喜歡以公制設計,則強烈建議您使用「公制小零件和CNC」模式。 如果您使用美國單位進行設計,可以使用英制十進制和美制
- 更改首選單元模式對輸出沒有影響,但有助於避免輸入錯誤
輸出:
- 在輸出中生成正確的單位是後處理器的責任,且這一操作僅在那時完成
- 機器輸出單元與您選擇的單元模式完全無關
- 後處理程序產生公制(G21)或英制(G20)輸出,還可進行配置。
- 可配置的後處理程序默認為公制(G21)
- 如果您希望可配置的後處理器輸出英制G-code(G20),請在作業輸出配置中設置正確的參數(即--incs for linuxcnc)。 這可以存儲在作業模板中,並設置為默認模板,以使其自動適用於所有未來的作業。
刀路檢查
- 如果你使用刀路檢查工具查看G-code,你將在其中看到'mm/s',應為它還沒有被進行後置處理。
Heights and depths
刀路命令
Commands
Some commands are experimental and not available by default. To enable them see CAM experimental.
Project Commands
- 刀路作業:創建一個新的CNC作業。
- File:CAM PostProcess.png 後置處理: 將一個項目導出為G-code。
- File:CAM Sanity.png 刀路錯誤: 檢查選定作業中的缺失值
- 導出模板: 將當前作業導出為模板。
Tool Commands
- File:CAM Inspect.png G-Code檢查器: 顯示需要檢查的G-code。
- File:CAM Simulator.png 刀路模擬: 展示銑削操作在機器上的運行。
- 收尾循環: 在選定的兩個邊上完成收尾循環。
- Toggle the Active State of the Operation: Activates or de-activates a path operation.
- ToolBit Library editor: Opens an editor to manage ToolBit libraries.
- ToolBit Dock: Toggles the ToolBit Dock.
Basic Operations
- Profile: Creates a profile operation of the entire model, or from one or more selected faces or edges.
- File:CAM Pocket.png 開槽:創建選定的一個或多個選定挖槽的開槽操作。
- File:CAM Drilling.png 鑽孔: 執行鑽孔循環
- 面銑削: 創建一個面銑削刀路
- 螺旋: 創建螺旋刀路。
- Adaptive: Creates an adaptive clearing and profiling operation.
- Slot: Creates a slotting operation from selected features or custom points. Experimental.
- 雕刻:創建雕刻刀路
- Deburr: Creates a deburr path.
刀路修剪
3D Operations
- 3D開槽:創建3D開槽刀路
- 3D面: 創建3D面刀路
- Waterline: Creates a waterline path for a 3D surface. Experimental.
Path Dressup
- Axis Map: Remaps one axis to another.
- Boundary: Adds a boundary dressup modification to a selected path.
- File:CAM DressupDogbone.png 避位角修剪: 在選定的刀路上添加避位角修剪。
- File:CAM DressupDragKnife.png 拖刀修剪: 在選定刀路上添加一個拖刀修剪。
- File:CAM DressupLeadInOut.png 引入引出點修剪: 在選定道路上添加引入引出點。
- File:CAM DressupRampEntry.png 斜坡修剪: 在選定的刀路上添加斜坡修剪。
- File:CAM DressupTag.png 夾持耳修剪 在選定刀路上添加一個夾持耳修剪。
- Z Depth Correction: Corrects the Z depth using Probe Map.
Supplemental Commands
- File:CAM Fixture.png 夾具: 改變夾具位置
- File:CAM Comment.png 備註: 在刀路G-code中加入備註
- File:CAM Stop.png 停止: 插入機器停止指令
- File:CAM Custom.png 自定義: 插入自定義G-code
- Probe: Creates a Probing Grid from a job stock.
- File:CAM GcodeFromShape.png 從形狀生成的Gcode: 從選定的零件對象創建刀路對象
刀路修改
- File:CAM Copy.png 副本: 創建所選刀路對象的參數化副本。
- File:CAM Array.png 數組: 通過複製選定的刀路創建數組。
- File:CAM SimpleCopy.png 簡化副本: 創建選定刀路的非參數化副本。
Specialty Operations
- Thread Milling: Creates a CAM Thread Milling operation from features of a base object. Experimental.
Miscellaneous
- 特徵區域:為所選對象創建特徵區域
- 特徵區域工作面: 創建一個特徵區域工作面
ToolBit architecture
Manage tools, bits, and the Tool Library. Based on the ToolBit architecture.
Other
刀路工作枱與其他CAM軟件包共享許多概念,但有其獨特之處。 如果出現問題,這個特點可能是一個很好的排錯起點。
首選項
- 首選項...: 刀路工具中的首選項。
腳本編寫
見 刀路腳本頁。
Tutorials
- CAM Walkthrough for the Impatient: a quick tutorial to get familiar with CAM.
Videos
- FreeCAD Path: Custom paths with Python - Part 1 - 5: A playlist with a series of 5 videos in English by sliptonic. This series shows how to work with the CAM Workbench.
- FreeCAD CAM Path Workbench: A playlist with a series of 7 videos in English by CAD CAM Lessons.
- FreeCAD CAM CNC: A playlist with a series of 8 videos in English by CAD CAM Lessons.
Roadmap
- CAM Development Roadmap: Read this if you are a developer and want to contribute to CAM.
- Project Commands: Job, Post Process, Check the CAM job for common errors, Export Template
- Tool Commands: Inspect CAM Commands, CAM Simulator, Finish Selecting Loop, Toggle the Active State of the Operation, ToolBit Library editor, ToolBit Dock
- Basic Operations: Profile, Pocket Shape, Drilling, Face, Helix, Adaptive, Slot, Engrave, Deburr, Vcarve
- 3D Operations: 3D Pocket, 3D Surface, Waterline
- CAM Modification: Copy the operation in the job, Array, Simple Copy
- Specialty Operations: Thread Milling
- Miscellaneous: Area, Area workplane
- ToolBit architecture: Tools, ToolShape, ToolBit, ToolBit Library, ToolController
- Additional: Preferences, Scripting
- Getting started
- Installation: Download, Windows, Linux, Mac, Additional components, Docker, AppImage, Ubuntu Snap
- Basics: About FreeCAD, Interface, Mouse navigation, Selection methods, Object name, Preferences, Workbenches, Document structure, Properties, Help FreeCAD, Donate
- Help: Tutorials, Video tutorials
- Workbenches: Std Base, Arch, Assembly, CAM, Draft, FEM, Inspection, Mesh, OpenSCAD, Part, PartDesign, Points, Reverse Engineering, Robot, Sketcher, Spreadsheet, Surface, TechDraw, Test Framework
- Hubs: User hub, Power users hub, Developer hub